新疆皮山镁质矽卡岩矿床(含糖玉)成因及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年

新疆和田透闪石集合体(软玉)矿带约1 300 km,是世界上最大的软玉矿带。除传统上认识的白玉、青玉和墨玉外,近年来在皮山县发现的一种软玉呈红棕色(糖玉),较为少见。该糖玉矿体产于镁质大理岩与石英闪长岩之间的镁质矽卡岩中,显示矿床为接触交代变质成因。通过镜下观察,发现该地区的糖玉主要由纤维状透闪石和极少量的杂质矿物组成。糖色杂质呈浸染状、叶片状、细脉状或沿裂隙分布,并形成于玉石成矿期或构造活动间歇。糖玉颜色与镁质大理岩中大量的红褐色氧化物有关。通过电子探针和X光粉晶衍射测试均表明糖玉主要由透闪石组成,并含少量伊利石、镁橄榄石、透辉石、磁铁矿等杂质矿物。软玉(细粒透闪石集合体)主要通过透闪石交代大理岩和透辉石形成。样品全岩的化学成分与透闪石晶体化学组成类似,全岩稀土配分模式显示Eu负异常(δEu=0.09~0.28)、LREE亏损、HREE平坦、整体稀土含量(1.94×10~(-6)~26.52×10~(-6))、Cr_2O_3(0.00~0.03×10~(-6))和Ni(0.00~0.01×10~(-6))含量低。成矿流体中氢同位素δD为-81.0‰~-84.0‰,均值为-82.25‰;δ~(18)O在330℃时为3.16‰~5.48‰。这些氢和氧同位素的数值显示形成软玉的成矿流体主要由岩浆热液、大气降水和大理岩脱出的CO2组成。这些糖玉的地球化学和成矿流体组成与已报道的典型的镁质矽卡岩矿床中软玉的组成类似。从透闪石集合体中选出的岩浆锆石年龄约456±7 Ma,这个年龄可以认为是形成该糖玉矿床年龄的上限。     

新疆若羌—且末戈壁料软玉的地球化学特征及成因类型研究

新疆和田透闪石集合体(软玉)矿带长约1300km,是世界上最大的软玉矿带。除传统上认识的山料和籽料外,在新疆若羌—且末地区也分布着大量的戈壁料软玉。以往对戈壁料软玉的研究主要集中在肉眼鉴定以及与人工仿制品的区别,对其来源、年龄以及成因类型等研究尚未开展。本研究采用电子探针、电感耦合等离子体质谱、氢氧稳定同位素质谱以及SHRIMP U-Pb测年等技术对若羌戈壁料的化学成分、矿物组成及年龄进行研究,在此基础上明确其成因类型。测试结果表明,若羌戈壁料主要由纤维状透闪石和阳起石(95%)组成,并含少量(5%)磷灰石、透辉石、绿帘石、铬铁矿等矿物。戈壁料颜色主要有深绿色、绿色、黄绿色、白色,除白色以外的颜色与其中的FeO含量(0.48%～2.92%)有关。样品全岩的化学成分与透闪石晶体化学组成类似,全岩稀土配分模式显示Eu负异常(δEu=0.09～0.66),LREE富集,HREE平坦,稀土总量(6.93～115.93μg/g)、Cr(68.8～119μg/g)、Ni(16.4～38.8μg/g)较低。戈壁料成矿流体中氢同位素δD为-24.94‰～-56.83‰,平均值为-40.14‰,显示其主要由岩浆水、大气降水组成。从戈壁料样品中分离出的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄有四组(40～60Ma、480Ma、785Ma和1450～2460Ma),这些年龄可以约束戈壁料的形成时代。戈壁料软玉的地球化学和成矿流体组成与已报道的典型的镁质矽卡岩矿床中的软玉组成类似,其中400Ma左右的成矿年龄与报道的大部分和田区域的成矿年龄一致,多组成矿年龄也显示了软玉多期次成矿的特点。     

和田玉、玛纳斯碧玉及岫岩老玉(透闪石玉)的硅、氧同位素组成

新疆和田玉是世界上最重要的透闪石玉矿产资源之一,和田也是我国最重要的玉产地.对新疆和田玉、天山玛纳斯碧玉和辽宁岫岩老玉的硅、氧同位素对比研究表明,和田玉δ18O值为+2.3‰～+6.5‰、δ30Si为-0.1‰～+0.3‰;天山玛纳斯碧玉δ18O值为+9.4‰、δ30Si为-0.5‰;辽宁岫岩老玉δ18O值为+8.7‰～+12.4‰、δ30Si为+0.1‰～+0.3‰,所有玉石矿的δ18O和δ30Si值均低于含矿围岩.由此认为新疆和田玉和辽宁岫岩老玉矿床属于岩浆热液交代型成因矿床,天山玛纳斯碧玉矿则属于变质成因矿床.     

田湾金矿成矿带成矿流体的同位素地球化学示踪

田湾金矿成矿带中 ,成矿流体同位素组成的复杂性 ,反映了成矿流体是多源的。石英流体包裹体氢氧同位素组成表明 ,成矿流体中的水主要来源于大气降水和岩浆水的混合。碳、氧同位素(δ13 C和δ18O)组成表明 ,既有沉积围岩中的碳 ,也有深部来源的碳 ,具有混合来源特征。成矿带内δ3 4S波动于 0‰～ 10‰之间 ,变化不大 ,具有深部来源硫的特征。大发沟矿段铅同位素组成变化较大 ,具有深、浅多源性。     

内蒙古车户沟钼铜矿成矿年代学及成矿流体特征研究

内蒙古车户沟斑岩钼铜矿床位于西拉木伦钼矿带内.含矿花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为251.6±3.2Ma,9件辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为250.2±7.2Ma,表明成矿作用发生在早三叠世.车户沟钼铜矿床成矿流体演化可分为矿前阶段、早阶段、中阶段和晚阶段.矿前阶段以斑晶石英+磁铁矿为标志,流体以高温、低盐度、富CO2为特征;早阶段是辉钼矿沉淀的主要阶段,流体包裹体均一温度分布范围为210 ～ 423℃,盐度范围为5.3％ ～45.8％ NaCleqv,部分不同类型不同盐度的包裹体密切共生,但均一温度接近,指示沸腾作用发生;中阶段为黄铜矿沉淀的主要阶段,未见含CO2包裹体,流体包裹体均一温度为210 ～ 391℃,盐度范围为1.7％ ～43.8％ NaCleqv;晚阶段为石英-碳酸盐±黄铁矿脉,只发育富液相水溶液包裹体,均一温度低于260℃,盐度为2.4％～11.4％ NaCleqv.因此,车户沟矿床成矿流体由初始的高温、富CO2,经沸腾作用和CO2逃逸,演化为低温、贫CO2.车户沟氢氧同位素特征早阶段流体(δ18OH2o=5.1‰～5.7‰,δDH2o=-91‰ ～-88‰)属于岩浆热液,中、晚阶段(δ18OH2O=-5.1‰～4.2‰,δDH2O=-105‰～-84‰)介于岩浆水和大气降水之间,指示成矿过程中有大气降水加入.     

广西大化玉的宝玉石学特征和矿床成因

通过偏光显微镜、电子显微镜、电子探针仪、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪以及拉曼光谱仪等测试对广西大化玉的宝玉石学特征进行了研究,结果表明大化玉主要由微晶透闪石集合体组成,并含有方解石、透辉石、磷灰石、石英、绿泥石、蛇纹石、滑石、石榴石和褐铁矿等次要矿物。对其硬度、密度、折射率、抗压强度、抗拉强度和韧性等进行了系统测定。通过野外考察以及对室内成矿温度、氢氧同位素、硅同位素和稀土元素等特征进行综合分析,确定大化玉矿床成因类型为层控性接触交代型岩浆热液矿床,根据辉绿岩中锆石U-Pb法测年,确定其成矿年龄为2.6亿年左右,并建立了对应成矿模式图。     

广西大化玉的宝玉石学特征和矿床成因

通过偏光显微镜、电子显微镜、电子探针仪、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪以及拉曼光谱仪等测试对广西大化玉的宝玉石学特征进行了研究,结果表明大化玉主要由微晶透闪石集合体组成,并含有方解石、透辉石、磷灰石、石英、绿泥石、蛇纹石、滑石、石榴石和褐铁矿等次要矿物。对其硬度、密度、折射率、抗压强度、抗拉强度和韧性等进行了系统测定。通过野外考察以及对室内成矿温度、氢氧同位素、硅同位素和稀土元素等特征进行综合分析,确定大化玉矿床成因类型为层控性接触交代型岩浆热液矿床,根据辉绿岩中锆石U-Pb法测年,确定其成矿年龄为2.6亿年左右,并建立了对应成矿模式图。     

甘肃岷县马坞金矿同位素特征与成因探讨

马坞金矿位于岷县东部,属岷-礼成矿带的中段,为一中型金矿.赋矿地层及成矿地质背景与中川地区的其他金矿床具有相似性.主成矿期石英的氢氧同位素测试结果表明:δD为-78‰~-98‰,δ18OSMOW(矿物?)为18.0‰~20.2‰,δ18O水为0.45‰~8.54‰,显示成矿流体为岩浆水、变质水和大气降水的混合水,其中以岩浆水和变质水为主;主成矿期黄铁矿同位素的测定结果显示:δ34S为+7.1‰~+7.9‰,平均+7.65‰.可见其变化范围较小,均一性强,具有地层硫特征.结合区内已有同位素资料及区域成岩成矿背景,推断马坞金矿的成矿作用与区内中川岩体关系密切,其中成矿流体主要来源于岩浆与地层,混入少量大气降水;成矿物源主要来自地层,另有深部物源参与成矿.     

辽东青城子矿集区姚家沟钼矿床成矿物质来源、成矿年代及成矿动力学背景

本文对辽东青城子矿集区姚家沟钼矿床与成矿密切的姚家沟花岗岩进行了元素地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和矿床金属硫化物硫同位素系统分析。结果表明:姚家沟花岗岩侵入时代为(167.47±0.87)Ma,具有富硅、富铝、全碱含量中等、过铝质-强过铝质的特征;稀土配分模式呈现轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型,Eu弱正异常;富集K、Rb、U、Sr、Pb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti、P等高场强元素,δ34S值为2.0‰~3.9‰,平均值为2.7‰。结合姚家沟矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素研究成果进一步得出,姚家沟岩体至少为两期岩浆活动的产物,辉钼矿成矿与本次获得的(167.47±0.87)Ma岩浆活动有关,二者成岩、成矿时代一致。硫同位素指示成矿物质来源于岩浆。姚家沟钼矿成岩、成矿构造背景为受古亚洲洋闭合影响,华北板块与西伯利亚板块后碰撞造山阶段构造-岩浆-流体活动的环境。     

中国大理岩型和田玉矿床的成矿时代、形成过程及找矿方向

和田玉在中国有着悠久的开采和使用历史,在中国的玉石文化中占有重要地位。根据产状,大理岩型和田玉的成因类型可分为接触交代型(矽卡岩型/岩浆热液型)、区域变质和变质热液型,其中接触交代型最重要也是优质和田玉的主要成因类型。根据围岩的年龄、和田玉中锆石或云母测年得到的矿带形成年龄以及区域地理位置,可将中国大理岩型和田玉划分为西昆仑矿带的新疆(形成年龄上限为450～350 Ma)、东昆仑矿带的青海省格尔木(形成年龄为300～240 Ma)、东北地区(河磨玉约250～150 Ma,老玉约1 700 Ma)、西南地区、中南地区(火山岩约682±62 Ma,辉绿岩约260 Ma)和华东地区等6个矿带,本文主要总结了这6个矿带大理岩型和田玉矿床的地质产状、矿物组成、全岩主微量元素特征、成矿流体组成、锆石/云母年龄及空间分布和成矿规律。和田玉的主要矿物为透闪石。接触交代型和田玉的成矿流体主要由岩浆水、大气降水和围岩白云石大理岩脱碳产生的CO₂以不同比例混合组成,成矿物质Mg和Ca来自白云石大理岩,Si和H₂O来自岩浆热液(如新疆和田矿带)。和田玉的形成主要经历...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861