贵州水城尖山营不稳定斜坡地质灾害风险评价

地质灾害风险评价理论目前已趋于成熟,从学术研究领域逐渐应用到具体的地质灾害防治工作中。单体地质灾害风险评价由于研究尺寸、数据精度、可量化程度等原因,其评价方法与区域评价略有不同。本文以尖山营不稳定斜坡地质灾害为例,总结前人单体地质灾害评价经验并根据区域地质环境条件进行修正完善,在对尖山营不稳定斜坡变形特征、破坏机理分析的基础上,开展单点地质灾害危险性评价、易损性评价和风险评价,得到尖山营不稳定斜坡地质灾害风险评价结果,可为当地地质灾害防治工作提供借鉴。     

铜矿岭不稳定斜坡类型识别与工程地质分区

高速公(铁)路路基、隧道和桥梁工程等常常因地质灾害的存在而影响正常使用,尤其是类型不明的不稳定斜坡,明确地质灾害类型是影响不稳定体治理方案的首要任务.以宜巴高速公路铜矿岭不稳定斜坡为研究对象,采用野外地质调查、工程地质分析和监测数据分析的方法,判明了铜矿岭不稳定斜坡类型.野外调查结果表明该不稳定斜坡上部为残坡积物,下部...     

云南省威信县地质灾害与防治对策

威信县地质构造较复杂,地质灾害破坏严重。主要地质灾害类型有滑坡、崩塌、泥石流、不稳定斜坡及地裂缝五种。其中以滑坡和不稳定斜坡为主,灾害点分布较广且个体规模小,稳定性较差。调查显示,威信县地质灾害的形成与发生时多种致灾因素相互作用的结果。通过对威信县地质灾害成因分析得出:地质构造、岩土体类型、地形地貌、生态植被等因素是滑坡、泥石流、崩塌及不稳定斜坡形成的基本条件;降雨及人类活动等因素是形成滑坡、泥石流、崩塌、地裂缝及不稳定斜坡的主导因素。对地质灾害的防治应采用以群测群防为基本手段,与搬迁避让、工程防治、生物防治、清除危岩(土)体及排水为主的防治措施相结合的综合治理方法。     

金斗乡凉水井不稳定斜坡评价与防治

不稳定斜坡是贵州省威宁县最为常见的一种灾害类型,土质不稳定斜坡形成的基本条件与土质滑坡相似,岩质不稳定斜坡形成的基本条件与崩塌相似.在不稳定斜坡地质灾害中,自然土质不稳定斜坡占绝大多数,其中金斗乡凉水井不稳定斜坡为一典型土质不稳定斜坡,对其稳定性分析与评价具有代表性.     

会宁县地质灾害发育特征及形成条件分析

会宁县地处黄土高原和青藏高原交接地带,是我国受新构造运动最为活跃的地区之一。本文在充分研究该区区域地质环境条件的基础上,根据会宁县地质灾害详细调查与区划项目野外调查资料,明确了该地区地质灾害的主要类型为不稳定斜坡和泥石流,共计30处,其中不稳定斜坡23处,集中分布于祖厉河岸两侧阶地前缘斜坡地带;泥石流沟7条,主要分布于县城周边,分别为县城北侧的鸭掌沟、教场沟、陆家岔沟,县城南侧燕家岔沟、史家岔沟、步龙岔沟和范家大湾沟。同时对不稳定斜坡和泥石流地质灾害的发育分布特征、地形地貌、地层结构、降雨和人类工程活动进行分析,得出地形地貌是斜坡变形发生破坏的先决条件,降雨是导致不稳定斜坡发育的诱发因素,而人类工程活动是造成祖厉河右岸边坡变形产生变形的主要影响因素。     

浅谈地震对地质灾害的影响——以“5．12”汶川特大地震后四川省地震灾区地质灾害情况为例

地震作用在地震灾区对地质灾害的发育起到了引发、促进作用,其引发的地灾类型主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、潜在不稳定斜坡、地面塌陷、地裂缝等,尤以崩塌、潜在不稳定斜坡、地裂缝等增加比例较大。地震引发的地质灾害具有数量多,规模大、危害大的特点,并主要沿主中央断裂带分布。地震导致斜坡的稳定性降低,产生大量松散物质,为新地质灾害的发生起到促进作用,使地震灾区较长时间内处于地质灾害高发期,产生较大危害。因此,在地震灾区选择安置建房场址时要认真考虑地震后可能新发生的地质灾害的影响,尽量避开潜在危险地带。     

地质灾害防治工作中容易混淆的术语和问题探讨

结合正在实施的科研项目,笔者等就斜坡、边坡与滑坡,勘察与勘查,工程地质测绘与调查等容易混淆的术语,地质灾害与非地质灾害野外判别、不稳定斜坡术语的含义及特点等问题进行研究探讨,初步建立山区地质灾害与非地质灾害典型识别图谱。     

金沙江中游巴塘县地质灾害发育特征及成灾规律分析

金沙江流域地处青藏高原东南缘,地跨我国地势一、二阶梯过渡带,地质环境条件脆弱,属地质灾害高易发区。巴塘县位于金沙江中游,目前调查发现各类地质灾害隐患点486处,以泥石流和不稳定斜坡为主。其中泥石流151处,不稳定斜坡133处,崩塌109处,滑坡93处。通过对巴塘县地质灾害详细调查与测绘,对地质灾害的发育特征、分布规律及其影响因素进行了深入研究,结果表明：（1）巴塘县地质灾害发育类型多,点多面广、密度大,分布不均衡,成条带、群片状分布;（2）地质灾害的分布与地形地貌有密切的关系。主要沿金沙江高山峡谷区及其支沟流域的深切河谷区、丘状高原与峡谷区的地形转折带集中分布。大多数的不稳定斜坡、崩塌、滑坡发育在高程2500～3500m。（3）地质灾害受地质构造控制,时空分布差异明显。地质灾害隐患点集中沿巴塘－莫西活动构造带、金沙江构造带分布。（4）不同的岩性决定了地质灾害的类型。滑坡、不稳定斜坡主要发生在第四系松散土体中,崩塌主要发育于岩浆岩、玄武岩、火山岩、细砂岩等硬岩、较硬岩岩体;软的石英片岩、绢云片岩、绿片岩为主的岩组,岩石破碎,为泥石流提供丰富的物源。     

汶川县三关庙后山不稳定斜坡成因机制

对汶川三关庙后山不稳定斜坡的基本特征进行了详细描述,并根据其变形特征深入分析其成因机制。结果表明,该不稳定斜坡主要控制因素为地形地貌、地层岩性及地质构造,主要诱发因素为汶川地震。此不稳定斜坡仅为汶川地震诱发的新增灾害点之一。对该灾害点形成特征及主控因素的分析,为类似地质环境条件的地质灾害研究提供参考。     

北京市孤山口村不稳定斜坡底界面的地质雷达标定

在北京市房山区孤山口村不稳定斜坡探测工作中,运用地质雷达法对不稳定边坡的土壤覆盖层厚度和基岩界面的起伏形态进行测定,从而查明该区不稳定斜坡的形态特征、规模大小、潜在威胁等基本情况,为不稳定斜坡治理施工设计提供可靠的工程地质依据,同时为地质雷达法探测法在地质灾害治理领域的应用提供借鉴。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861