萨拉乌苏河流域萨拉乌苏组砂丘砂沉积特征

The Salawusu Formation of Milanggouwan section in Salawusu River Valley includes 7 layers of paleo-mobile dune sands, and 4 layers of paleo-fixed and semi-fixed dune sands. Their structures have been observed and their grain size, surface textural features and several main chemical elements have been analyzed. The results showed that： 1） Some of the aeolian structural characteristics of these dune sands are similar to that of the recent dune sands. 2） They are also similar to the recent dune sands in grain size components, and parameters of Mz,σ, Sk and Kg, as well as in several main chemical components. 3） The scattergrams of Mz-σ and SiO2-Al2O3＋TOFE and the probability curves of grain size showed that these paleo-dune sands are different from paleosols and fluvio-lacustrine facies, but are consistency with recent dune sands. 4） Quartz sands have well roundness and surface textural features such as dish-shaped pits, crescent-shaped pits, pockmarked pits, upturned cleavage plates, siliceous precipitates and siliceous crevasses, indicating that they had been carried for a long time by the wind. As the 11 layers of paleo-dune sands possess the aeolian characteristics in structure, grain size, surface textural features and chemical elements, the origin of their formation should be attributed to eolation.     

萨拉乌苏河流域高分辨率的沙丘砂常量元素分布指示的全新世寒冷事件

The components of the primary elements in the dune sands for the MGS1 subsection of the Milanggouwan section in the Salawusu River valley, compared with those of modern dune sands, show that they were caused by East Asian winter monsoon in the Mu Us desert during Holocene. The examined ages for the 11 layers of dune sands, based on the average sedimentary rate, are： 0 to 960, 1350-2240, 2470 to 3530, 4000 to 4180, 4290 to 4350, 4380 to 4760, 5040 to 5920, 6570 to 8270, 9020 to 9700, 9880 to 10160 and 10580 to 11080 a BP, respectively. The climatic events indicated by these dune sands are consistent with those records in the Huguangyan volcanic lake, Zoige peat bog, Hulu cave and Dunde ice core, particularly with the climatic fluctuations of the North Atlantic since 11 000 a BP. Among them, patterns from B0 to B8 correspond to the peak values of 0MD, 2D, 4D, 6D＋8D＋10D, 12D, 14D, 16D, 18D and 20D respectively. It might be caused by the North Atlantic ice age induced by the heat circulation, which strengthened the polar high pressure and Siberian-Mongolian high pressure and further led to the dominance of the winter monsoon over China＇s desert area.     

220 ka以来萨拉乌苏河流域地层磁化率与气候变化

 萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾剖面磁化率变化结果表明:近220 ka来我国北方气候变化极不稳定,存在着不同尺度的频繁变化,特别是寒冷气候阶段变化尤为频繁,其中倒数第二次冰期存在5个气候旋回,末次冰期存在10个气候旋回。这些气候变化与深海氧同位素、极地冰芯反映的全球变化具有良好的对应关系,反映了该区气候变化与全球变化的一致性。控制本区气候变化的主要因素是全球冰量变化及太阳辐射影响的东亚季风变化。     

萨拉乌苏河流域微量元素揭示的气候变化

根据毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾剖面中更新世晚期以来风成砂与河湖相互为叠覆的沉积记录,利用SPSS软件对P、V、Cr等16种微量元素及Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba比值进行了聚类和相关分析。结果表明：除Sr、Ba、Rb/Sr和Sr/Ba之外的P、V、Cr等14中微量元素反映的气候变化规律较好,其含量的峰值段对应河湖相沉积,而谷值段对应风成砂沉积。根据微量元素含量变化特征及其与地层的对应关系,将萨拉乌苏河流域中更新世晚期以来的气候变化划分为5个阶段：223～196 ka BP,气候温暖湿润,相当于黄土高原S2古土壤发育期;196～148 ka BP,气候干冷,相当于黄土高原L2黄土发育期,属倒数第二次冰期;148～75 ka BP,气候温暖湿润,对应末次间冰期;75～10 ka BP,气候干冷,对应末次冰期;10 ka BP以来,气候以温湿为主。各个阶段还有气候冷暖干湿波动变化。通过与深海氧同位素阶段,冰芯记录变化对比,发现本区气候变化与全球变化具有较好的一致性。     

萨拉乌苏河流域末次间冰期 古土壤化学风化与古气候

内蒙萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面末次间冰期发育5 层古土壤。对这5 层古土壤的形 态特征、粒度、扫描电镜及化学风化等分析结果表明: (1) 这些古土壤具有与华北现代褐土相 似的形态特征; (2) 粘化率中部高和石英颗粒表面硅质溶蚀-沉淀现象表明古土壤层中发生过 风化成壤作用; (3) 用K₂O/Na₂O、Al₂O₃/Na₂O、MnO/Al₂O₃、CIA 及A-CN-K 图解与华北现代 褐土作对比分析, 发现它们的化学风化特征极为相似; (4) 用气温及降水量与CIA 值的回归 关系方程, 得出5 层古土壤发育时期的水热状况确与华北现代的暖温带半湿润季风性气候大 致相同或更显暖湿。形态特征、粒度、石英颗粒表面特征和化学风化特征等多个方面具备了 与现代华北褐土类似的化学风化成壤特征, 证明这些古土壤是在与华北相似的暖温带半湿润 季风性气候条件下形成的。     

萨拉乌苏动物群

目前在萨拉乌苏地区共发现脊椎动物化石４６种，其中哺乳类３４种，鸟类１２种。本文根据新采集到的８０多件化石的出产层位和对前人资料的分析，把全部化石按地层即萨拉乌苏组、城川组和大沟湾组作了统计。并根据地层划分和化石种类的变化，新建立了城川动物群。萨拉乌苏动物群和城川动物群在时代上分别属于晚更新世中期和晚更新世中期之末到晚更新世晚期，代表较暖湿和干冷的气候环境。     

萨拉乌苏河流域干沟子剖面全新世湖相沉积的地球化学元素特征及其反映的物源变化

为探究萨拉乌苏河流域中上游段湖相沉积物的来源及沉积环境,通过测量干沟子剖面3个样品的年代和113个样品的地球化学元素的含量,分析了干沟子剖面地球化学特征反映的沉积物的来源,探讨了其代表的全新世以来的沉积环境变化.结果 表明:在剖面垂直方向上,CaO、MgO、Sr、C1、Br以110 cm为界,含量发生剧烈变化,250-...     

昌黎黄金海岸沙丘沉积特征及形成演变

根据对昌黎黄金海岸沙丘的野外观测和样品分析，探讨海岸沙丘沉积特征及其形成演变     

萨拉乌苏河流域MGS2层段主要氧化物变化及其指示的气候波动

萨拉乌苏河流域与MIS2相同时代的MGS2地层段记录了5.5个由风成砂与河流相或湖沼相构成的沉积旋回,通过对各沉积旋回的主要氧化物分析表明：河湖相中Al2O3、TOFE、K2O、MgO、CaO、Na2O、TiO含量通常明显高于风成砂,而SiO2含量则呈现相反的变化,构成了与沉积旋回相对应的5.5个主要氧化物变化旋回。结合各主要氧化物的化学迁移特性和剖面所在区域的地貌特征进行分析,认为该剖面的主要氧化物变化旋回是气候波动的反映,一个主要氧化物含量变动旋回指示了一个干冷-暖湿旋回,也即一个冬夏季风先后演替的气候旋回。MGS2持续的时间仅为12 ka,一个冬夏季风环境的变化大致平均仅需要2 ka,一个冬季风或者夏季风环境的平均持续时间大约1 ka。显然,这是一个千年尺度的环境变化。研究还表明,MGS2气候波动与晚冰期气候变化以及相关的Heinrich事件具有良好的对应关系。可以推断,MGS2记录的千年尺度环境变化是全球环境变化在本区域的反映。     

Sedimentary characteristics of paleo-aeolian dune sands of Salawusu Formation in the Salawusu River Valley

The Salawusu Formation of Milanggouwan section in Salawusu River Valley in-cludes 7 layers of paleo-mobile dune sands, and 4 layers of paleo-fixed and semi-fixed dune sands. Their structures have been observed and their grain size, surface textural features and several main chemical elements have been analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Some of the aeolian structural characteristics of these dune sands are similar to that of the recent dune sands. 2) They are also similar to the recent dune sands in grain size components, and parameters of Mz, σ, Sk and Kg, as well as in several main chemical components. 3) The scattergrams of Mz-σ and SiO2–Al2O3+TOFE and the probability curves of grain size showed that these paleo-dune sands are different from paleosols and fluvio-lacustrine facies, but are consistency with recent dune sands. 4) Quartz sands have well roundness and surface textural features such as dish-shaped pits, crescent-shaped pits, pockmarked pits, upturned cleavage plates, siliceous precipitates and siliceous crevasses, indicating that they had been carried for a long time by the wind. As the 11 layers of paleo-dune sands possess the aeolian characteristics in structure, grain size, surface textural features and chemical elements, the origin of their formation should be attributed to eolation.     

Sedimentary cycles of trace elements in Salawusu River Valley since 150 ka BP

The paper makes some analyses on 11 trace elements in the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in the Salawusu River valley, which is regarded as a prototype geology-palaeoclimate record since 150 ka BP. The results show that the content and variation of trace elements has experienced remarkably regular changes in the pace with coarse and fine sedimentary cycles of palaeo-aeolian sands to its overlying fluvio-lacustrine facies or/and palaeosols. The trace elements with chemical properties of relatively active (V, Sr, Cu, Ni, As) and relatively stable (P, Pb, Rb, Mn, Nb, Zr) are a manifestation of the corresponding 27 changeable cycles between peak and valley values, appearing a multi-fiuctuational process line of relative gathering and migration since then. The low numerical value distribution of these two types of trace elements in the aeolian sand facies represents erosion and accumulation under wind force during the cold-dry climate. Whereas their enrichments in both fluvio-lacustrine facies and palaeosols are related to the valley’s special low-lying physiognomic position between the Ordos Plateau and the Loess Plateau under the warm and humid climate conditions. The above relatively migrated and gathered change of the trace elements is the result of 27 climatic cycles of cold-dry and warm-humid, which is probably caused by repeated alternations of winter monsoon and summer monsoon in the Mu Us Sandy Land influenced by the climate vicissitudes in northern hemisphere during glacial and interglacial periods since 150 ka BP.     

Cold events of Holocene indicated by primary elements distribution of the high-resolution sand dunes in the Salawusu River Valley

The components of the primary elements in the dune sands for the MGS1 subsec-tion of the Milanggouwan section in the Salawusu River valley, compared with those of mod-ern dune sands, show that they were caused by East Asian winter monsoon in the Mu Us desert during Holocene. The examined ages for the 11 layers of dune sands, based on the average sedimentary rate, are: 0 to 960, 1350–2240, 2470 to 3530, 4000 to 4180, 4290 to 4350, 4380 to 4760, 5040 to 5920, 6570 to 8270, 9020 to 9700, 9880 to 10160 and 10580 to 11080 a BP, respectively. The climatic events indicated by these dune sands are consistent with those records in the Huguangyan volcanic lake, Zoige peat bog, Hulu cave and Dunde ice core, particularly with the climatic fluctuations of the North Atlantic since 11 000 a BP. Among them, patterns from B0 to B8 correspond to the peak values of 0MD, 2D, 4D, 6D+8D+10D, 12D, 14D, 16D, 18D and 20D respectively. It might be caused by the North Atlantic ice age induced by the heat circulation, which strengthened the polar high pressure and Siberian-Mongolian high pressure and further led to the dominance of the winter mon-soon over China’s desert area.     

Sedimentary cycles of trace elements in Salawusu River Valley since 150 ka BP

The paper makes some analyses on 11 trace elements in the Milanggouwan stratigraphical section in the Salawusu River valley, which is regarded as a prototype geology-palaeoclimate record since 150 ka BP. The results show that the content and variation of trace elements has experienced remarkably regular changes in the pace with coarse and fine sedimentary cycles of palaeo-aeolian sands to its overlying fluvio-lacustrine facies or/and palaeosols. The trace elements with chemical properties of relatively active (V, Sr, Cu, Ni, As) and relatively stable (P, Pb, Rb, Mn, Nb, Zr) are a manifestation of the corresponding 27 changeable cycles between peak and valley values, appearing a multi-fluctuational process line of relative gathering and migration since then. The low numerical value distribution of these two types of trace elements in the aeolian sand facies represents erosion and accumulation under wind force during the cold-dry climate. Whereas their enrichments in both fluvio-lacustrine facies and palaeosols are related to the valley’s special low-lying physiognomic position between the Ordos Plateau and the Loess Plateau under the warm and humid climate conditions. The above relatively migrated and gathered change of the trace elements is the result of 27 climatic cycles of cold-dry and warm-humid, which is probably caused by repeated alternations of winter monsoon and summer monsoon in the Mu Us Sandy Land influenced by the climate vicissitudes in northern hemisphere during glacial and interglacial periods since 150 ka BP.     

萨拉乌苏河流域150 ka BP以来的粒度旋回

萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾地层剖面150kaBP以来古流动砂丘砂与河湖相和古土壤在粒度上具有多次显著的粗细韵律交替变化，粒度参数-Mz、σ、Sk、Kg和SC/D亦随之响应为多波动峰谷交替的态势，同时，粒度特征值-φ5、φ16φ、φ25、φ50、φ84、φ9相应地表现为非常有节奏地跳动，据此，将米浪沟湾剖面划分为27个粒度粗细沉积旋回，并认为其是150kaBP以来在东亚冬夏古代季风交替影响下沙漠演变的一个颇为完整的气候-地质过程记录。     

萨拉乌苏河对芦河的袭夺及其历史地理意义

通过对地形、综合地层剖面年代、遥感影像、历史地图和历史文献等的分析,深入探讨了无定河上游历史时期河湖水系的情况。现今无定河上游,即萨拉乌苏河上游山区的水源地为袭夺无定河的另外一条支流芦河而来,且袭夺发生在北魏以后,明代之前。袭夺之前,东西向湖泽湿地的存在,影响了该区历史人类活动的空间分布,主要表现在人类聚落选址、交通通道等。本研究为重新认识《水经注》中有关奢延水的记载提供了新的地理参照,有助于重建无定河上游的历史景观,同时为理解黄土地区的历史河流演化提供了典型案例,具有重要意义。