环境决策支持系统的设计及其在水质管理中的应用

ＥＤＳＳ（Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌ Ｄｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ Ｓｕｐｐｏｒｔ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）是一处适用于潮汐河网地区水环境管理和决策的软件系统,其主要功能是协助政府部门进行有效和科学的水环境管理。该系统采用地理信息系统、数据管理系统、模型库管理系统和专家系统等先进技术,将环境数据库、水动力与水质模型库、经济优化技术、环境专家以及环境法规有机地集成在一起。文中首先介绍了ＥＤＳＳ的组织方法、设计特征、实现技     

黄河水量调度管理决策支持系统建设研究

黄河水量调度管理决策支持系统的开发建设,为黄河水资源的科学管理、优化调度和有效保护提供全方位的现代化手段和快捷的智能决策支持.在系统的设计和开发过程中,充分体现了软件系统所要求的先进性与实用性、安全性与可靠性、标准化与开放性以及完整性与一致性相结合的原则.主要介绍了系统的建设目标、结构、决策内容、目标和各个模块功能,并详细论述了模型库构建和应用服务平台建设等系统开发的关键技术.系统运行中达到了满意的效果,值得进一步的完善和推广,并对流域的水资源管理和统一水量调度等方面具有较强的指导意义和实用价值.     

区域可持续发展DSS的几个关键技术问题探讨

决策支持系统（DSS）是多项计算机技术的综合运用。文章探讨了分布式网络技术、定性定量相结合的模型管理技术、定性推理与模糊决策技术、信息融合技术、综合集成技术、研讨技术等在区域可持续发展决策支持系统中的应用,提出虚拟化区域可持续发展决策支持系统（V-DSS）的工作模式,并探讨了V-DSS在中国沿海地区的应用。     

水资源可持续利用规划耦合模型与应用

介绍了水资源可持续利用规划耦合模型和应用实例。从数学形式上看,它是多目标优化模型,目标函数选用自由度较高并具竞争性的系统状态指标;约束条件应该包括各相关子系统的状态模拟方程,使模拟与优化实现耦合。在研究实例中,选用了GDP和COD排放量指标来表征研究区的经济发展和环境状况,约束条件主要包括水资源系统模拟模型和宏观经济系统扩大再生产—投入产出耦合模型。由于水资源可持续利用规划决策是半结构化的决策问题,开发决策支持系统辅助决策有助于提高决策的科学性和有效性。     

区域经济结构调整与水环境保护--以陕西关中地区为例

结合水资源可再生性理论,对陕西关中水环境保护进行研究。采用定量的系统分析方法,建立区域水环境经济系统的产业结构优化 工业结构优化模型。结果表明,在推荐的产业结构和工业结构下,既可以保证经济按规划的速度发展,达到总的经济目标,同时又能够满足水环境污染控制的目标,保护水环境,从而实现水环境与经济的协调发展。     

环境保护与经济计划决策支持系统模型研究

模型是DSS的核心部分, “经济发展与环境保护辅助决策支持系统”从经济决策行为所带来的经济状态变化对环境的影响为出发点, 研究了环境与经济相互关系状态的评价、分析及优化决策三大类模型, 并对主要模型、系统结构和模型运行过程进行了介绍。     

区域PRED的系统分析与决策制定方法

人口问题、资源问题、环境问题和发展问题是当今世界人地关系的四大焦点问题,它们相互联系、相互影响,因而解决它们的关键在于实现PRED四者的协调发展.从定义“区域PRED系统”这一概念入手,进而运用系统科学的分析方法,可以较为深入地探讨区域PRED协调发展的相互作用与内部信息联系机制.在此基础上,通过数学分析、模型仿真和多目标决策评判等方法的逐步深入,可以构筑起区域PRED协调发展的辅助决策支持系统的运行框架.     

区域农牧业可持续发展决策支持系统研究

以区域农牧业可持续发展为研究对象,采用地理信息系统(GIS)、遥感(RS)、全球定位系统(GPS)的"3S"技术和数据库技术,建立了区域资源环境、社会经济空间和属性数据库.通过计算机技术、GIS技术和数据库技术构建了区域农牧业可持续发展决策支持系统,集成了耕地利用评估模型和草地建设管理模型,并进行了山西省雁门关生态畜牧经济区的实证研究.区域农牧业可持续发展决策支持系统将为农业结构调整、农牧业可持续发展提供决策支持.     

土地利用系统动态变化模拟研究进展

土地利用/覆被变化与环境要素的动态作用过程自LUCC相关研究计划开展以来一直是重点内容,并且愈来愈受到重视.将土地利用主体的决策过程和环境要素变化过程综合起来研究土地利用系统动态变化,是实现土地自然生态系统与社会经济系统耦合研究的途径与方法.本文在对土地利用系统复杂性分析的基础上,提出目前土地利用系统变化模拟需要解决的基本科学问题,主要包括土地自然环境要素对土地利用主体决策的影响、不同空间尺度土地利用主体及主体间相互作用及在此基础上的区域土地利用动态变化模型研究.土地利用模型是分析土地利用系统结构与功能的有力工具,通过分析土地利用系统模拟研究进展发现国内外真正实现了自然生态系统和社会经济系统综合研究的模型尚不多见.基于主体的土地利用模拟方法综合了土地利用变化中空间变化和主体决策过程,适合于分析土地利用系统变化的空间过程、空间相互作用和多尺度现象.本文在对国际上基于多主体模型进行土地利用系统模拟的相关进展、模拟平台等分析评述的基础上,提出未来我国开展基于多主体模型进行土地利用变化研究的建议.     

流域水环境过程综合模拟研究进展

以流域为单元开展水环境多要素、多尺度过程的综合模拟已成为了自然地理学重要研究方向。水环境过程综合模拟模型可定量解析流域系统水环境变化,是流域水环境研究与管理的重要工具。论文围绕流域水环境过程模拟的发展历程和最新进展,梳理总结了流域非点源污染过程和河湖等受纳水体水环境过程模拟的理论方法和模型软件;面向模拟不确定性问题讨论了模型选择、开发与集成、率定验证等流域水环境过程综合模拟建模的关键环节;结合最新的研究进展及相关学科新方法新技术的发展,建议后续研究关注流域自然和人文多过程综合集成模拟(包括流域系统人与水环境耦合模拟、多过程综合集成模拟)以及新方法新技术应用(包括数据同化理论方法创新与应用、高性能计算技术和人工智能技术)。     

流域土地可持续利用规划方法及应用研究

土地利用既受自然环境条件的种种制约,又对生态环境,尤其是水资源和水环境,产生深刻影响。因此,进行系统规划优化土地利用结构、协调土地利用和其他经济活动及生态环境保护的关系是非常必要的。基于土地利用系统是一个本征性灰色系统,本文以灰色多目标规划(GMOP)方法为核心,提出了一套流域土地利用灰色多目标规划模型。该方法既可有效地处理信息的不完备性和系统的动态性,又可全面地表达土地利用的多目标性。在对密云土地利用规划研究中,通过应用交互式调整和情景分析方法,得到该模型在两种情景下的优化方案,并结合密云实际情况综合分析,进行了方案筛选。     

Multi-object approach and its application to adaptive water management under climate change

This paper addresses issues on adaptive water management under the impact of climate change. Based on a set of comprehensive indicators of water system, a decision making approach of multi-objects is developed and applied to quantify water adaptive management for the demands of water sustainable use, water environmental protection and eco-water requirement under the climate change. For this study in China, two key indicators are proposed, namely (1) the water resources vulnerability (V) that was represented by integrated sensitivity (S) and resilience (C) of climate change impact on water resources, and (2) the sustainability of socio-economy and water environment, marked by DD, that is integrated scaler of socio-economic development (EG) based on the amount of GDP and the water environment and relative eco-system quality (LI). To find a reasonable solution for adaptive water management, a multi-objective decision making model of adaptive water management is further developed and the multi-objective model was transformed into an integrated single optimization model through developing an integrated measure function, called as VDD=DD/V. This approach has been applied to adaptive water resources planning and management for case study of China with new policy, called as the strict management of water resources based on three red line controls, i.e., the control of total water use by the total water resources allocation, the control of lower water use efficiency by the water demand management and the control of the total waste water load by water quality management in the Eastern China Monsoon Region that covers major eight big river basins including Yangtze River, Yellow River, Haihe River and Huaihe River. It is shown that the synthetic representation of water resource vulnerability and socio-economic sustainability by the integrated objective function (VDD) and integrated decision making model are workable and practicable. Adaptive management effect of the criterion compliance rate and water use efficiency are more appreciable through new water policy of the three red line controls, which can reduce 21.3% of the water resources vulnerability (V) and increase 18.4% of the sustainability of socioeconomy and water environment (DD) for the unfavorable scenario of climate change in 2030.     

气候变化下水资源适应性管理的多目标方法应用（英文）

This paper addresses issues on adaptive water management under the impact of climate change.Based on a set of comprehensive indicators of water system,a decision making approach of multi-objects is developed and applied to quantify water adaptive management for the demands of water sustainable use,water environmental protection and eco-water requirement under the climate change.For this study in China,two key indicators are proposed,namely(1) the water resources vulnerability(V) that was represented by integrated sensitivity(S) and resilience(C) of climate change impact on water resources,and(2) the sustainability of socio-economy and water environment,marked by DD,that is integrated scaler of socio-economic development(EG) based on the amount of GDP and the water environment and relative eco-system quality(LI).To find a reasonable solution for adaptive water management,a multi-objective decision making model of adaptive water management is further developed and the multi-objective model was transformed into an integrated single optimization model through developing an integrated measure function,called as VDD=DD/V.This approach has been applied to adaptive water resources planning and management for case study of China with new policy,called as the strict management of water resources based on three red line controls,i.e.,the control of total water use by the total water resources allocation,the control of lower water use efficiency by the water demand management and the control of the total waste water load by water quality management in the Eastern China Monsoon Region that covers major eight big river basins including Yangtze River,Yellow River,Haihe River and Huaihe River.It is shown that the synthetic representation of water resource vulnerability and socio-economic sustainability by the integrated objective function(VDD) and integrated decision making model are workable and practicable.Adaptive management effect of the criterion compliance rate and water use efficiency are more appreciable through new water policy of the three red line controls,which can reduce 21.3% of the water resources vulnerability(V) and increase 18.4% of the sustainability of socioeconomy and water environment(DD) for the unfavorable scenario of climate change in 2030.     

基于新型城镇化视角的区域PRED系统综合评价——以大连为例

基于中国在推进以“人”为核心的新型城镇化过程中人口、资源、环境与经济、社会发展诸要素相互促进或相互制约的复杂关系视角,借鉴人口承载力思想,提出区域PRED系统承载力概念及其表征方法,参考压力—状态—响应模型（PSR）,构建了区域PRED系统的承载力—压力—状态—响应评价指标体系（CPSR 模型）,在此基础上提出区域PRED系统综合响应度与应急响应级别划分标准,通过多目标规划与决策方法对区域PRED系统进行综合评价。以2000-2012 年大连市PRED系统为例进行实证分析,结果显示：① 研究时段内大连市PRED系统一直处于超载状态,人口承载力由363 万人降至291 万人;② 大连市PRED系统压力低于全国平均水平,区域PRED系统负荷指数由0.97 降至0.85,区域PRED系统综合响应级别始终处于Ⅱ级橙色预警或Ⅲ级黄色预警状态。评价结果基本符合近年来大连市有关资源、环境及经济、社会发展的客观实际,评价结果可视性较强、可靠性较高。区域PRED系统承载力概念以及基于CPSR模型的区域PRED系统综合评价指标体系、多目标决策评价方法,为定量评价区域可持续发展提供了一种新的思路和方法,对新型城镇化背景下的相关政策制定具有一定参考价值。     

On coordinated development of oasis and environment in arid area

1 Formation and evolution of oasisBoth physical environment and human activities influence the formation and evolution of oasis. Natural oasis is a kind of ecological landscape formed mainly by water without human intervention. Its prosperity and adversity primarily depends on the flow direction and discharge of a river. With the increment of intensity of human activities, however, great changes have taken place in oasis in arid area. The evolution of oasis has been transformed from the contr…     

On coordinated development of oasis and environment in arid area

Based upon the formation and evolution of oasis and the factors restricting the coordinated development of oasis economy and environment, this paper presents a goal of the development in coordination. It suggests that the sustainable survival and development of oasis could be ensured only if the oasis-desert and water source ecology are managed in a combined way to form a macro system. In light with the above mentioned, the approach to the development of economy and environment of oasis in arid area should depend upon the establishment of an oasis ecological and economic system, which suits the arid environment and promotes the efficiency of resource configuration, stabilizes economic increment and benefits ecological development.     

石羊河流域农业经济和生态环境协调发展研究

 经济和环境的协调发展是可持续发展的关键。根据石羊河流域各市县区的经济和环境状况,选取了其中的3县1区为研究对象,并根据当地的实际情况及主要特点构建了农业经济发展与生态环境质量的评价指标体系,并且通过实地调研和走访各主管部门搜集整理到相关数据,利用熵权法及协调度、协调发展度模型对2010年石羊河流域3县1区的协调度及协调发展度进行测算,基于协调发展等级标准,对该流域内3县1区的农业经济和生态环境协调发展程度进行了初步判别。结果表明：3县1区协调度都在0.5～0.7之间,基本属于勉强或初级协调状态,协调发展水平较低,对此,提出进一步促进石羊河流域农业经济和生态环境协调发展的对策建议。