贵州西南部普安—晴隆一带锑金矿勘查区沟系土壤地球化学测量试验

采样层位的确定、样品粗加工粒级和指示元素选择是沟系土壤地球化学测量试验研究的重要内容。本次研究选取灰岩、玄武岩、砂页岩风化土壤的表土层、淀积层、母质层样品为研究对象,样品常温晾干后依次过20目、40目、60目、80目沈阳套筛进行粗加工,分析样品元素含量。通过研究土壤机械粒级组成和元素在不同层位、不同粒级土壤中的含量特征,确定了本区进行土壤地球化学测量时采样层位为土壤淀积层上部,样品粗加工粒级为-20～+40目粒级,指示元素以Au、Sb、As、Cu为主。试验结果确保在贵州普安—晴隆地区运用沟系土壤地球化学测量所圈定的地球化学异常成果真实、有效。     

沟系土壤地球化学测量在贵州普晴锑金矿勘查区应用与找矿效果

通过沟系土壤地球化学测量方法在普晴锑金矿勘查区中的实施,确定各元素异常下限值为Au7×10-9、Sb10×10-6、Cu200×10-6、As30×10-6,发现了一批有价值的地球化学异常,对各元素地球化学异常区的找矿潜力进行分析,结合地层、岩性等有利控矿因素综合评判主成矿元素异常、元素组合异常圈定4个找矿靶区,确定了各靶区的主要找矿矿种,对各靶区进行了必要的山地工程查证,取得了较好的找矿效果。实践证明沟系土壤地球化学测量找矿方法在本区是有效的,认识到在当前老矿区外围找矿中成矿元素弱异常、多元素组合弱异常区具有重要找矿意义。在此基础上较系统的总结了沟系土壤地球化学找矿方法步骤。     

沟系土壤地球化学测量在内乡韭菜沟矿区勘查中的应用

通过在韭菜沟矿区的沟系土壤地球化学测量工作,发现了一批有价值的地球化学异常,结合地层、岩性、构造等有利控矿因素,对金、银、砷、汞、锑地球化学异常区的找矿潜力进行分析,说明砷、汞、锑异常对金矿化有一定的指示意义。进一步明确找矿方向,缩小找矿范围,圈定了3个找矿靶区,对各靶区实施山地工程验证,取得了较好的找矿效果,证明沟系土壤地球化学测量方法在地质勘查中具有明显的找矿效果,为进一步的地质工作提供了科学依据。     

沟系土壤测量在贵州大厂矿田普晴锑金矿区地质找矿中的应用

通过对贵州晴隆县大厂矿田西部普晴锑金矿区的成矿地质特征及自然景现条件的调查研究.认为该区为中高山湿润剥蚀景观区,适合开展沟系土壤测量.通过方法实验,提出了沟系土壤测量的关键技术指标,即:采样介质为沟系两侧残坡积物、冲刷物,采样层位为B层;采样密度为30-50个/km2,样品加工粒度为20目.利用STASTIC软件对测试数据的常用对数值进行R型因子分析,得到4个F因子组合,圈定了3个异常区.根据对元素异常下限值及F因子组合异常的评价分析,筛选出3个Sb、Au找矿靶区,可作为下一步地质找矿的依据.     

土壤地球化学测量在黄吉沟地区的找矿应用

通过对黄吉沟地区进行土壤地球化学测量,分别运用传统统计法和分形—求和法对Au、Cu、Bi、W的异常下限进行计算,并圈定了单元素异常图;确定了测区内的构造破碎带为Au、Cu有利富集区,而Bi、W与花岗岩密切相关。同时,在小范围尺度下,统计法在寻求主攻矿体时的作用明显,而分形法在矿体外围寻求找矿突破时实用性较强。     

土壤地球化学测量在黄吉沟地区的找矿应用

通过对黄吉沟地区进行土壤地球化学测量,分别运用传统统计法和分形—求和法对Au、Cu、Bi、W的异常下限进行计算,并圈定了单元素异常图;确定了测区内的构造破碎带为Au、Cu有利富集区,而Bi、W与花岗岩密切相关。同时,在小范围尺度下,统计法在寻求主攻矿体时的作用明显,而分形法在矿体外围寻求找矿突破时实用性较强。     

土壤地球化学测量在三道湾子金矿床的应用

三道湾子金矿位于大兴安岭燕山期成矿带东南部, 是近年来新发现的典型的石英脉型金矿床。通过在该矿床土壤中进行的金元素富集层位及粒度试验, 确定B2层为土壤测量的取样层位和-40目为样品加工粒级, 圈定Au、Ag、As、Sb异常多处, 各元素异常浓集中心与已知金矿体吻合较好。经过对异常验证, 发现了新矿体, 扩大了矿床规模, 土壤测量在该区找矿效果显著。     

沟系土壤测量在新疆乌恰县萨热克铜矿勘查中的应用效果

在研究萨热克铜矿成矿的地质条件及自然景观条件的基础上,认为该区中高山半干旱剥蚀景观区适合开展沟系土壤测量,探讨了沟系土壤测量的关键技术指标：采样密度30～35个/km^2,采样层位C层,采样介质为残坡积碎屑物,样品初加工粒度-10目.在萨热克南北两翼新发现了Cu、Ag、Pb、Ba等综合异常带,经查证为3条铜矿化蚀变带,2条铜矿体,使该区的铜银资源潜力有望达到大型规模.     

土壤地球化学测量在新疆西准吉尔吾沙克金矿勘查工作中的应用

新疆在1∶20万比例尺的区域化探扫面中发现大量Au异常,据此找到多处大中型金矿床。为了对托里县幅1∶20万水系沉积物测量所圈定的"39乙"号异常区进行检查,开展了1∶1万土壤地球化学测量。通过合理确定研究区土壤中Au元素背景值与异常下限,直接用异常下限值圈定异常,利用岩石地球化学剖面测量进一步验证土壤异常。最终确定了土壤地球化学测量在该区找矿工作中的适用性和可靠性,圈定了2个Au异常带(4个异常区),并划定I号异常带为研究区首要找矿靶区。     

不规则测网土壤地球化学测量在和安河金矿勘查中应用效果

不规则测网土壤地球化学测量是一种非正规网度的土壤测量地球化学找矿方法,根据和安河区成矿地质条件和自然景观条件,认为该区适合于开土壤地球化学测量,应用实践表明,该方法在该区地质找矿中发挥了很好的指导作用,找矿成果显著.     

Pathfinder applications of arsenic, antimony and bismuth in geochemical exploration

The potential applications of As, Sb and Bi as pathfinder elements in geochemical exploration have been researched using a new, rapid technique for the simultaneous determination of the three elements. Following a warm hydrochloric acid sample leach, the volatile hydrides of the elements are generated and flushed into an inductively-coupled plasma linked to an emission spectrometer. The technique offers a combination of good analytical precision and detection limits of 100 ppb for each of the elements.The principal sulphide ore minerals commonly contain traces of As, Sb and Bi, and concentrations of more than 1% of any one of these have been found in some sulphide specimens. During sub-aerial oxidation of sulphides, any As, Sb and Bi present is released and forms dispersion patterns in the surficial environment. Geochemical surveys of localities in the United Kingdom have demonstrated that anomalous dispersion trains of these elements can be detected in the sediments of streams draining the mineralized localities. In a geochemical mapping programme covering 16,000 km² of central Nepal, over 3500 stream sediment samples were analyzed for As, Sb and Bi, and many known occurrences of Cu, Pb and Zn mineralization are reflected by As, Sb and Bi anomalies. However, bedrock lithology appears to be an important factor influencing Sb and Bi dispersion patterns.In the areas studied, some or all of the elements As, Sb and Bi produce stream sediment anomalies that compare favourably in terms of contrast and extent with the heavy metal expressions, even though none of the three elements have been reported as important constituents of the mineralization with which they occur.     

土壤地球化学测量在甘肃北山白头山铷矿找矿中的应用

白头山铷矿床是甘肃北山地区新近发现的典型花岗伟晶岩脉型铷稀有金属矿床,以该矿床为研究对象,开展了土壤地球化学测量方法技术研究。初步确定花岗伟晶岩脉型铷稀有金属矿床的岩石和土壤中的通用指示元素组合为Rb、Be、Bi、Tl、Li、K 2O;北山地区勘查铷稀有金属矿床的土壤地球化学测量的最佳采样粒级为-4~20目,最佳采样层位为残积层。试点测量结果表明,研究确定的土壤地球化学测量方法可以完整地圈定已知的铷矿化范围,迅速缩小找矿靶区,为后续异常查证等工作布署提供准确的地球化学依据,为北山地区找寻铷稀有金属矿产提供了一种新的方法技术。同时试点测量在已知矿区外围发现了新的具有找铷矿前景的靶区,有望获得新的找矿进展,为同类地区寻找铷稀有金属矿产提供了示范。     

土壤地球化学测量在赞比亚Mwombezhi地区铜钴矿预查中的应用

赞比亚Mwombezhi地区具有较好的找矿前景.在该区铜钴矿预查找矿中,圈出了两处土壤地球化学异常,选择重点地段投入激电测量、槽探和钻探等方法手段进行异常查证,结果表明,异常为矿化引起,斜长角闪片岩为含矿层,并圈定了10条铜矿(化)体;结合土壤地球化学异常、激电视频散率异常分布以及区域地层分布特征,推断了两个长达数千米呈北东向展布的含矿层.土壤Cu、Co异常可以有效地反映铜(钴)矿化体的存在,证明土壤地球化学测量方法适用于当地景观条件,且准确有效、经济快速,可在赞比亚乃至中南部非洲同类地区铜钴找矿中推广使用.     

坦桑尼亚基戈马卡万加地区土壤测量异常特征及地质意义

坦桑尼亚基戈马卡万加地区地处热带高原地球化学景观区,地质工作基础薄弱,选择适当范围进行1∶50 000土壤测量,从中筛选较好的异常作为工作靶区,进而开展1∶10 000土壤测量,得到了形态基本完整,不同元素叠加有序的Cu-Pb-Zn组合异常,经过地质检查和槽探工程验证,在产状稳定的泥质页岩中见到孔雀石化,并有NNE向断裂控制异常的产出,金属矿化受地层和断裂的共同控制,具有进一步工作的价值.     

Water geochemical characteristic variations in and around a karst-dominated natural reserve area,southwestern China

This paper reports original data on the physical and chemical parameters of precipitation, river water and groundwater in and around the Longhushan Nature Reserve Area, located in southwestern China karst region, and provides a preliminary characterization of the hydrogeochemical process governing the natural water evolution in this area. The rainfall and river water mainly pertain to the HCO₃ ⁻–Ca²⁺ type and groundwater mainly pertain to the HCO₃ ⁻–Ca²⁺ + Mg²⁺ type. The HCO₃ ⁻ was the predominant anion and Ca²⁺ was the predominant cation in all waters, respectively. The Gibbs Boomerang Envelop model, the 1:1 relationship of Na⁺ plus K⁺ versus Cl⁻ as well as the 1:1 relationship of Ca²⁺ plus Mg²⁺ versus HCO₃ ⁻ all suggested geochemical weathering is the main controlling factor for the geochemical compositions of this natural water. In surface water, the Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratios ranged from 0.32 to 0.42 and the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ varied between 0.04 and 0.05. In the groundwater, the Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratios varied from 0.37 to 0.62 and were below the ideal ratio of 0.8. These ratios showed the presence of a dolomite source. Analysis of trace elements showed that As, B, Pb, Se, Sr, V and Zn elements were abundant in the natural water during summer in this region.     

Geological and geochemical characteristics of high arsenic coals from endemic arsenosis areas in southwestern Guizhou Province,China

Southwest Guizhou Province is one of the most important areas of disseminated, sediment-hosted-type Au deposits in China and is an important area of coal production. The chemistry of most of the coals in SW Guizhou is similar to those in other parts of China. Their As content is near the Chinese coal average, but some local, small coal mines contain high As coals. The highest As content is up to 3.5 wt.% in the coal. The use of high As coals has caused in excess of 3000 cases of As poisoning in several villages. The high As coals are in the Longtan formation, which is an alternating marine facies and terrestrial facies. The coals are distributed on both sides of faults that parallel the regional anticlinal axis. The As content of coal is higher closer to the fault plane. The As content of coal changes greatly in different coal beds and different locations of the same bed. Geological structures such as anticlines, faults and sedimentary strata control the distribution of high As coals. Small Au deposits as well as Sb, Hg, and Th mineralization, are found near the high As coals. Although some As-bearing minerals such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, realgar (?), As-bearing sulfate, As-bearing clays, and phosphate are found in the high As coals, their contents cannot account for the abundance of As in some coals. Analysis of the coal indicates that As mainly exists in the form of As⁵⁺ and As³⁺, perhaps, combined with organic compounds. The occurrence of such exceptionally high As contents in coal and the fact that the As is dominantly organically associated are unique observations.     

豫西熊耳山地区槐树坪金矿岩石-土壤找矿指示元素的确定及其应用

槐树坪金矿床位于河南省洛阳市嵩县境内,是豫西熊耳山地区近年来新发现的大型金矿床。本次研究对槐树坪金矿区地表及井下不同类型的较新鲜围岩、蚀变岩和矿石以及地表1∶20000面积性土壤采样,分析29项微量元素,从岩石和土壤两种采样介质来确定槐树坪金矿床的地球化学找矿指示元素。一方面基于较新鲜围岩的元素含量特征确定每个微量元素在该区岩石中的异常下限,进而分别计算了蚀变岩和矿石中微量元素平均含量与异常下限的比值,即异常衬度。按照异常衬度大于1.4的标尺确定了蚀变岩与矿石中明显富集的微量元素组合。另一方面,基于Au与28项微量元素在较新鲜围岩、蚀变岩、矿石三种介质中含量关系散点图直观确定了指示金成矿的微量元素组合。综合二者确定出槐树坪金矿区岩石地球化学找矿的指示元素组合为Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、Sn、Mo、Bi、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Nb计13项。针对地表1∶20000面积性土壤调查,采用上述岩石中异常衬度为1.4作为土壤异常下限绘制了槐树坪金矿区微量元素的地球化学异常剖析图,以槐树坪金矿区已探明鸡公山一带的主成矿段为模型确定了土壤地球化学找矿的指示元素组合为Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、Bi、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、B计11项。综合上述结果认为在找矿指示元素组合方面土壤对岩石具有明显的继承性。基于岩石与土壤介质中共同的10项找矿指示元素,构建了归一化的综合异常指标,以鸡公山矿段为标准对整个槐树坪矿区进行了综合评价,发现槐树坪矿区内马蹄沟、秦佛爷沟、姜疙瘩和天坪西4处具有类似鸡公山矿段的找矿潜力。     

土壤地球化学测量在姚村矿区找矿中的应用

姚村矿区地处新桥式岩浆期后热液成矿地带,为查明矿区萤石矿成矿作用的地球化学特征,开展了1∶2.5万土壤测量勘查工作。通过土壤地球化学测量,运用Geochem Studio、SPSS软件对原始数据进行分析处理,结合矿区地球化学背景,圈出氟、金、银、铜、铅、锌等元素浓度高低不一、规模大小不等的具三级浓度级别以上的单元素异常55处,并经综合分析元素异常特征后得出综合异常4处。综合异常AP1为F-Mo-W-As,AP2为Pb-Zn-As-Sn,其成矿条件较好;AP3、AP4均有一定的铅、锌矿找矿前景。通过AP1以氟为主的多元素异常解释及异常查证,确定AP1为萤石矿的主要成矿靶区。