闽江口水下三角洲沉积特征及沉积环境Ⅱ.晚更新世-全新世沉积特征和沉积环境

本文根据闽江口浅地层结构及柱状样对比 ,探讨了闽江口水下三角洲近代沉积特征和沉积环境 ,并综合分析了水下三角洲钻孔及地震映象地质剖面资料 ,探讨其地史时期古沉积特征和古沉积环境 ,揭示了闽江口水下三角洲晚更新世—全新世的沉积环境演变。     

全新世长江水下三角洲朵体及其发育特征

本文根据长江水下三角洲地区的五个钻水及３０００ｋｍ浅地震剖面资料，运用生物地层学和地震地层学方法分析研究，获得了水下三角洲分期和三角洲朵体的分布及发育等地质信息，首次提出，长江水下三角洲沉积体由六期朵体参错迭置而成，详细阐述了水下三角洲复合体的结构特征；并结合古海岩线，孢粉气候地层，测年资料等，探讨了其发育过程及形成时代，为预测长江下水三角洲的发民菜，提供了新的基础地质依据。     

高邮凹陷黄珏地区戴二段扇三角洲沉积特征

黄珏地区戴二段发育了以砂砾岩扇体为主的沉积体系。本文在岩心观察和描述的基础上,结合测井等资料,对黄珏地区戴二段砂砾岩体的沉积特征进行了研究。结果表明黄珏地区戴二段沉积时期在同生断层的下降盘主要发育水退型扇三角洲沉积体系。扇三角洲前缘是该区水退扇三角洲砂体堆积的主体,可进一步划分为水下分流河道、席状砂和分流间湾等砂体微相。不同的相带储层物性差异明显,扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体储集物性较好,为油气聚集有利相带。该区沉积体系的形成受构造特征、古地貌和物源区等性质的影响,古地貌特征是该区水退型扇三角洲形成的决定性因素。     

闽江口水下三角洲的形成与演变：Ⅲ.三角洲前缘与前三角洲

闽江口水下三角洲的形成与演变全文从分析控制或影响闽江口水下三角注发育的环境因素入手,探讨了闽江口水下三角洲的地貌特征,成因及演变。研究结果表明,闽江口水下的三角洲属于构造－潮控制三角洲,其地貌特征和成因与典型的潮成三角洲既有共同占,也存在着较大差异。     

闽江口水下三角洲的形成与演变Ⅲ.三角洲前缘与前三角洲

闽江口水下三角洲的形成与演变全文从分析控制或影响闽江口水下三角洲发育的环境因素入手,探讨了闽江口水下三角洲的地貌特征、成因及演变。研究结果表明,闽江口水下三角洲属于构造—潮控型三角洲,其地貌特征和成因与典型的潮成三角洲既有共同点,也存在着较大的差异。此外,其近期地貌的发育和演变亦受到人类工程活动的重大影响。这些结论可为闽江口航道综合整治工程提供科学理论依据。本文为其第三部分,主要探讨闽江口水下三角洲前缘和前三角洲的地貌特征及演变。     

山东半岛莱州湾东部滨海砂金矿初步研究

莱州湾东部是我国滨海砂金矿重要的成矿远景区,区内已探明有残坡积型和冲积型砂金矿床,并在滨海沙堤、沙滩、水下沙坝、水下三角洲、水深小于14m的浅海海域及古岸线、古泻湖、古冲积层中发现砂金异常,特别是海区的发现,为我国浅海砂金的调查开阔了新的前景.本文就该区滨海砂金矿的分布及特征进行了概述.     

长江口水下三角洲现代沉积速率

长江口水下三角洲采集的两个柱状样放射性核素137Cs分析表明,长江口水下三角洲137Cs剖面中均存在清晰的最大蓄积峰,与1963年的137Cs散落沉降相对应,剖面中同时存在可对应于1959年的较清晰的次级蓄积峰,由此计算得到1959—1964年长江口水下三角洲的平均沉积速率为2.4~4.8 cm/a,1964—2006年减小到1.4~1.8 cm/a。反映出长江口水下三角洲整体淤积速率有很大程度的减小,很可能是三峡蓄水导致流域来沙量大幅度减小所致。虽长江口水下三角洲各处淤积速率减小程度不同,但降低的速度很快,表明长江三角洲发育已出现重大变化,水下三角洲局部地区已观察到侵蚀现象。     

闽江口水下三角洲的形成与演变 Ⅱ．水下三角洲平原

闽江口水下三角洲的形成与演变全文从分析控制或影响闽江口水下三角洲发育的环境因素、入手,探讨了闽江口水下三角洲的地貌特征、成因及演变。研究结果表明,闽江口水下三角洲属于构造－潮控型三角洲,其地貌特征和成因与典型的潮成三角洲既有共同点,也存在着较大的差异。此外,其近期地貌的发育和演变亦受到人类工程活动的重大影响。这些结论可为闽江口航道综合整治工程提供科学理论依据。本文为其第二部分,主要探讨闽江口水下三角洲平原的地貌特征及演变。     

闽江T 口水下三角洲的形成与演变Ⅱ.水下三角洲平原

闽江口水下三角洲的形成与演变全文从分析控制或影响闽江口水下三角洲发育的环境因素入手,探讨了闽江口水下三角洲的地貌特征、成因及演变.研究结果表明,闽江口水下三角洲属于构造-潮控型三角洲,其地貌特征和成因与典型的潮成三角洲既有共同点,也存在着较大的差异.此外,其近期地貌的发育和演变亦受到人类工程活动的重大影响.这些结论可为闽江口航道综合整治工程提供科学理论依据.本文为其第二部分,主要探讨闽江口水下三角洲平原的地貌特征及演变.     

闽江口水下三角洲的形成与演变──Ⅰ.水下三角洲形成的环境因子与地貌发育

从分析控制或影响闽江口水下三角洲发育的环境因素入手,探讨了闽江口水下三角洲的地貌特征、成因及演变。结果表明,闽江口水下三角洲属于构造-潮控型三角洲,其地貌特征和成因与典型的潮成三角洲既有共同点,也存在着较大的差异。此外,其近期地貌的发育和演变亦受到人类工程活动的重大影响。这些结论可为闽江口航道综合整治工程提供科学理论依据。本文为其第一部分,主要探讨控制或影响闽江口水下三角洲形成的环境因子与地貌发育。     

晚更新世末期南黄海中部埋藏古三角洲的研究

１９９２－１９９３年用浅地层剖面仪对南黄海中部浅地层进行测量在,７０－８０ｍ左在的深水区发现了埋藏三角洲堆积体,结合实测海底地形图及岩芯沉积相资料对浅地层剖面进行了综合分析,结果表明,该区域是距今２．７万ａ左右的黄河河口三角洲,这说明,晚更新世末期黄河已经流入南黄海陆架区,水深７０－８０ｍ附近曾经发育一期古海岸线。     

南黄海西部滨浅海区灾害地质因素特征及分布规律

根据浅地层地震剖面的解译结果,对南黄海西部滨浅海区灾害地质要素进行了识别。结果表明,研究区存在多种灾害地质要素,包括海岸侵蚀与淤积、水下浅滩、浅层气、埋藏古河道和古三角洲、沙脊、陡坡、沙层液化、冲蚀沟槽、滑坡、差异性压实断层等等。探讨了灾害地质要素的特征和分布规律,并绘制了主要灾害地质要素分布图。     

舟山群岛峡道底部高程及其冲刷对浙闽沿海泥沙供给的影响

根据舟山群岛峡道地区的钻孔资料，在有孔虫、花粉和沉积特性分析结果的基础上，分析了晚更新世海面变化，探讨了晚更新世末期峡道内的地面高程，进而根据海图量算结果，讨论了舟山群岛峡道底部的泥沙冲淤及其对浙闽沿海泥沙供给的影响。本文认为，晚更新世以来舟山群岛地区发生了三次海进海退，其中晚更新世末期低海面时，舟山群岛峡道高程约位于吴淞基面以下３８ｍ左右，全新世海侵以来，受峡道水动力的作用，除部分峡道内海湾发生淤积外，舟山群岛峡道底部发生了明显的冲刷，其最大冲刷厚度可达８０ｍ左右，为杭州湾乃至整个浙闽沿海提供了大量的泥沙     

Fossil fauna and transgressive.sequence from core QC2 in the South Huanghai Sea

According to palaeoenvironmental analysis on the fossil fauna dominated by Foraminifera and Ostracoda, core QC2 contains 8 marine transgressive beds, called (from up to bottom) Transgressive Beds Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, …,Ⅷ respectively. Together with dating data, the transgressive sequence since 1. 7 Ma B. P. has been established, indicating that the core went through middle and late Early Pleistocene, early and late Middle Pleistocene, early and late (Substages A and B) Late Pleistocene and the Holocene transgressions. Within these 8 transgressions, late Middle Pleistocene, early Late Pleistocene and the Holocene transgressions-had rather strong activities proved by shallow sea (of 50 or 20-50 m water depth) deposits in the prime, while 2 of the 8, during middle Early Pleistocene and late Late Pleistocene (Substage A), were much weaker only with supratidal deposits. The transgressive cycles also differ from each other. Transgressions in the Holocene and in Substage B of late Late Pleistocene are made up of 3 and     

QUATERNARY SEA LEVEL CHANGES IN CHINA

Many transgressions on the plains along the Eastern China Sea had occurred in the Quaternary. They are named Beijing, Bohai, Haixing, Huanghua, Qingxian, Baiyangdian, Haizhou Bay. Cangxi, Xianxian and Candong transgressions. Their beds of marine facies have been buried in the Hebei Province, or on the shelf of China. The greatest transgressions occurred in the Early Pleistocene, while the smallest in the Middle Pleistocene, and the transgressions in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene were larger than that in the Middle Pleistocene. In accordance with the 14C dating and the paleomagnetic stratigraphy, they may be compared with the transgressions in the Late pleistocene with the δ18O stages of the core V28-232 at Equatorial Pacific.     

南黄海太阳沙西侧海域晚第四系地震层序和沉积环境演变

在南黄海太阳沙西侧潮流脊槽海域进行了密集网格的高分辨率浅地震勘探,测线间距主要为120 m和200 m。沉积物穿透厚度最大约80~90 m,划分为2个地震层序(SQ1和SQ2),细分为5个亚层(U1~U5)。位于下部的层序1(U1)为晚更新世陆相沉积,上部的层序2(U2~U5)以全新世海相沉积为主。根据地震相特征研究了各亚层的沉积环境,从晚更新世晚期以来,研究区经历了三角洲辫状河流—河流刻蚀—古河道充填—河口滨海—三角洲滨浅海—现代潮流脊槽的沉积环境演变过程。在早全新世中期,研究区发育了一条窄河口型潮流沙脊,并随海平面的快速上升而被掩埋。现代潮流沙脊形成于末次高海面后,与古潮流沙脊没有继承关系,与晚更新世古地形也没有关系,受控于潮流系统。     

北部湾X1钻孔岩芯沉积物的Ⅹ射线衍射分析研究

X射线技术在结晶矿物学上已得到广泛的应用,它测量精度较高,快速简便,对样品无破坏作用,是地质研究中的重要手段之一,它还广泛地用于大陆架地区的沉积物研究(俞旭等,1982; Devine,1972)。本文将对北部湾东北部x1钻孔近百米的沉积物岩芯全样进行X射线衍射定量分析研究,并根据矿物组合特征,探讨北部湾沉积区的沉积环境及演化过程。     

Continental margin off Sergipe and Alagoas, northeastern Brazil: A reconnaissance geophysical study of morphology and structure

The stable continental margin of northeastern Brazil is unusually narrow, probably because of the small size and tropical character of the drainage basins of the hinterland, and correspondingly low rates of land erosion and marine sedimentation. The continental shelf, which is mainly a marine erosion surface, is also remarkably shallow, either because of upwarping or, more probably, because of the ineffectiveness of Pleistocene marine erosional processes on steeply sloping continental margins. Sediment accumulation is confined to the Sāo Francisco delta, seaward of which are fossil (?) lagoonal deposits, and to a poorly developed nearshore sand prism.The margin formed by seaward progradation of sediment on a subsiding basement, but the present morphology of the continental slope reflects chiefly Pleistocene canyon cutting and mass gravitational movements of sediment, which have exposed older strata in the upper slope. Beneath the continental slope is a magnetic anomaly (like the slope anomaly off the eastern U.S.A.), probably caused by a deeply buried dike of oceanic basalt, and apparently associated with a buried ridge which may have formed the seaward margin of the Sergipe—Alagoas Basin during the early history of the South Atlantic. Similar structures may be typical of the narrow easternmost part of the Brazilian margin.     

Ridge development as revealed by sub-bottom profiles on the central New Jersey shelf

Closely-spaced 3.5 kHz seismic profiles were collected over the north-easterly trending ridge and swale system 50 km east-southeast of Atlantic City, New Jersey. They yield information on the Late Quaternary depositional history of the area, and on the origin of the ridge system. Four of the sub-bottom reflectors identified were sufficiently persistent to warrant investigation and interpretation. These reflectors, which have been cored, lithologically identified, and radiocarbon dated, are stratigraphically higher than the reflectors dealt with by the majority of previous studies. The upper three reflectors are definitely mid- and post-Wisconsin in age and present a record of the most recent glacial cycle. The upper three units associated with the observed reflectors appear to exert a pronounced influence on the bathymetry. The gently corrugated ridge system of Holocene sand is formed over the regionally flat-lying upper unit, an Early Holocene lagoonal silty clay. The characteristically flat, broad depressions of the area are floored by this lagoonal material. Locally, however, marine scour has cut through the silty clay into an underlying unit of unconsolidated fine Pleistocene sand. Several stages of trough development appear to be represented. After penetrating the lagoonal clay, troughs are initially narrow, but when incised through the sand into a lower, Pleistocene, silty-clay unit, the troughs become notably wider. As downcutting is inhibited by the lower clay, the upper clay is undercut as the trough widens in a fashion similar to a desert blowout.

The sub-bottom reflectors indicate that ridge development on the central shelf has involved aggradation as well as erosion. Some ridges seem to have grown by vertical and lateral accretion from small cores. The internal structure of other ridges suggests that they formed by the coalescence of several small ridges. Others appear to have undergone appreciable lateral migration.

The ridges appear to be in a state of continuing adjustment to the hydraulic regime of the deepening post-Pleistocene water column.     

冲绳海槽北部西坡的古三角洲沉积

自20世纪70年代我国开展东海海洋地质调査以来,在海底经常能发现河流、河口沉积物以及与水道相似的负地形、称为古河道、古三角洲或古河口等(李全兴,1990；金翔龙,1992；石斯器等,1989；秦蕴珊等、1987)第四纪气候频繁波动，造成陆架上尤其是外陆架上陆相地层与海相地层频繁交替,因此有不同时期的古三角洲和古河道保留,沉溺的古河道在我国陆架海底的不少地区均有发现。由于海底沉积作用的不均衡性,埋藏较浅的沉溺河谷从地形特征上依稀可辨,埋藏较深的在海底表面则渺无踪迹,只有借助于高分辦率的地球物理测量,才能发现其踪迹。 晚更新世末期，长江、黄河是否流经东海陆架区进入冲绳海槽,虽有不少作者论述,但终因缺少系统的实测资料而未取得共识。长江、黄河在历史上每年向大海输入巨量泥沙,加快了海淤积和推进速度,但古长江三角洲也应该是体积大、构造特征明显的大型堆积体,然而至今尚未有这方面的报道。 作者对冲绳海槽北部进行大面积高分辨率浅地层剖面分析中,发现在陆架外缘坡折线附近,近海底表面处存在大面积斜层理三角洲沉积结构,这为晚更新世末期以来自我国的大河(黄河/长江)从冲绳海槽入海提供了新的证据。