宁武盆地中-新生代构造演化的裂变径迹证据

为深入研究宁武盆地中-新生代的构造演化及煤层气资源的赋存条件,采集样品进行裂变径迹测试。锆石裂变径迹年龄为156～139 Ma,磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为97～47 Ma。宁武盆地中-新生代的构造演化历史可分为3个阶段。晚侏罗世(156 Ma),盆地两翼的岩体开始缓慢隆升,核部坳陷沉积,到早白垩世晚期(100 Ma),宁武盆地古地温达到最高,烃源岩达到了生气高峰期。白垩世晚期-古新世(79～59 Ma),快速抬升剥蚀。之后,虽有短暂埋藏,但总体处于隆升状态。渐新世晚期(40～30 Ma)以来快速抬升到现今位置。宁武盆地抬升剥蚀具有空间上的不均衡性。北东部抬升剥蚀早于南部,周缘岩体隆升剥蚀速率大于核部。宁武盆地是在中生代山西地块上形成一系列雁行状排列的复背斜和复向斜的构造背景下,新生代受印度洋板块挤压欧亚大陆,两翼山体强烈抬升推挤作用形成,属于华北克拉通区域构造事件的响应。     

秭归盆地侏罗纪地层物源分析

秭归盆地侏罗纪地层完整记录了秦岭-大别造山带及黄陵背斜隆升剥蚀演化历史。通过对秭归盆地侏罗纪地层沉积相及砂岩碎屑组分的系统分析,结合碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱和低温热年代学数据,探讨了秭归盆地沉积充填及与周缘造山带盆-山构造演化过程。秭归盆地下侏罗统桐竹园组古水流方向自北北西向南南东,砂岩成分成熟度较高,盆地沉积物主要来源于北北西方向的南秦岭地区。中侏罗统砂岩长石及岩屑含量明显增多,古水流方向为南西向,位于盆地北东方向的秦岭-大别造山带成为盆地主要物源区。中侏罗统砂岩碎屑组分的垂向变化记录了秭归盆地东北部秦岭-大别造山带强烈的隆升作用。上侏罗统蓬莱镇组继承中侏罗统上沙溪庙组部分物源区,但上侏罗统砂岩的碳酸盐岩岩屑含量明显增加,暗示秭归盆地周缘碳酸盐岩区域成为新的物源区。低温热年代学数据显示,秭归盆地东侧的黄陵背斜表现为差异性隆升剥蚀过程。晚侏罗世,黄陵背斜南部开始抬升剥蚀,为秭归盆地提供部分物源。早白垩世,黄陵背斜整体隆升。秭归盆地沉积物源及黄陵背斜隆升过程反映了区域应力场由近南北向挤压到早白垩世早期近东西挤压的转变。     

缅甸中央盆地北部新生代隆升的裂变径迹证据

缅甸中央盆地北部新生代隆升作用的研究,不仅对全面认识西缅地块的演化具有重要的意义,而且对该地区的油气勘探也具有重要的指导意义.对采自研究区的2个碎屑岩样、1个钻井基底样品进行了磷灰石裂变径迹测年及热历史模拟分析.在弧前钦敦坳陷西缘冲断带、东缘冲起带和西缅岛弧带获得了逐渐变年轻的裂变径迹年龄（分别是70.6±9.3 Ma、53.4±7.5 Ma和22.7±3.0 Ma）,表明缅甸中央盆地北部在空间上存在自西向东的递进变形过程.磷灰石的热历史模拟分析显示,缅甸中央盆地北部自晚白垩世（80±1 Ma）开始,经历了隆升→快速隆升→平稳→缓慢隆升4个阶段.缅甸中央盆地29~20 Ma的快速隆升冷却事件是缅甸北部区域性隆升剥露作用的体现;4 Ma以来缅甸中央盆地缓慢隆升,这一构造事件是印度板块向东挤压碰撞作用的响应.研究表明缅甸中央沉积盆地的空间发育演化与递进式构造变形（隆升）是新特提斯洋/印度洋岩石圈在新生代期间向西缅地块下的多期次俯冲的直接响应.      

青川鹰咀山花岗岩体侵位与山脉隆升

运用磷灰石裂变径迹法对鹰咀山花岗岩进行了分析,所取样品的裂变径迹年龄位于50.6⁶9.6Ma之间,小于其地层时代或侵入年龄,表明摩天岭推覆构造带的隆升开始于晚白垩世,用磷灰石裂变径迹年龄来计算可知:研究区内花岗岩50.6Ma以来的冷却速率和剥蚀速率分别为2.08℃/Ma和0.063mm/a,50.669.6Ma之间,小于其地层时代或侵入年龄,表明摩天岭推覆构造带的隆升开始于晚白垩世,用磷灰石裂变径迹年龄来计算可知:研究区内花岗岩50.6Ma以来的冷却速率和剥蚀速率分别为2.08℃/Ma和0.063mm/a,50.6⁶9.6Ma之间的相对抬升与剥蚀速率为0.013mm/a,因此说明摩天岭推覆构造带从晚白垩世以来一直处于持续隆升冷却的过程。     

珠江口盆地中——新生代热隆升格局的磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹反演

珠江口盆地作为南海北部陆缘典型的裂陷沉积区,是中国最大的中生代海相残留盆地之一,其构造-热演化对南海张开时限及华南构造格局有重要指示作用。在钻孔资料限定和地质格局约束下,文中综合运用磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹对珠江口盆地内钻孔基底花岗质岩石开展了低温热年代学研究,通过径迹年龄分析和径迹长度统计,反演了该区中—新生代基底构造-热演化历史,恢复了珠江口盆地多阶段热运动和基底隆升格局。研究表明,珠江口盆地基底花岗质岩石锆石裂变径迹表观年龄分布于131.7~97.9 Ma,多小于其成岩年龄。样品磷灰石裂变径迹表观年龄多集中在79.7~61.9 Ma,径迹长度变化于11.37~13.16μm,属中等长度,磷灰石裂变径迹多为"冷却"至"混合"类型。珠江口盆地基底热史反演存在明显区域性特点,南(西)部地区抬升记录早,新生代冷却速率相对较低。珠江口盆地基底晚白垩世以来隆升幅度在6km左右,主要发生在晚白垩世、古近纪神狐运动阶段、渐新世珠琼运动Ⅱ幕及南海运动阶段(26 Ma之前)。其中,南海运动表现出东早西晚的特点。基底抬升与盆地形成、红河断裂走滑相耦合。盆地基底的热演化历史为南海的演变历程研究提供了限定条件,是太平洋板块俯冲、印度-欧亚板块碰撞及南海构造运动的综合反映。     

青川鹰咀山花岗岩体侵位与山脉隆升

运用磷灰石裂变径迹法对鹰咀山花岗岩进行了分析,所取样品的裂变径迹年龄位于50.6~69.6Ma之间,小于其地层时代或侵入年龄,表明摩天岭推覆构造带的隆升开始于晚白垩世,用磷灰石裂变径迹年龄来计算可知:研究区内花岗岩50.6Ma以来的冷却速率和剥蚀速率分别为2.08℃/Ma和0.063mm/a,50.6~69.6Ma之间的相对抬升与剥蚀速率为0.013mm/a,因此说明摩天岭推覆构造带从晚白垩世以来一直处于持续隆升冷却的过程。     

云南中甸地区晚白垩世斑岩型Mo-Cu矿床磷灰石、锆石裂变径迹年代学研究

云南中甸地区位于西南三江铜钼铅锌金多金属矿集区的南端,是一个独具特色的Cu-Mo多金属复合叠加成矿带.本文采用裂变径迹低温热年代学技术对区内晚白垩世铜厂沟、休瓦促、热林成矿斑岩体,进行了锆石、磷灰石裂变径迹分析测试,开展了晚白垩世以来的构造热史演化模拟,揭示了区内构造-岩浆成矿事件及热史演化过程.研究表明,锆石裂变径迹年龄值变化于52±2～96±5 Ma;磷灰石裂变径迹的年龄值变化于15±1～48±3 Ma,总体变化幅度不大,中心年龄与池年龄在误差范围也基本一致.通过锆石、磷灰石的裂变径迹分析,揭示出云南中甸地区自晚白垩世以来主要经历了三个阶段的构造热事件.第一阶段(96～60 Ma),主要为岩浆侵位后快速降温的热史演化阶段;第二阶段(52～39 Ma),为缓慢的降温作用过程;第三阶段(16～15 Ma),揭示了受中新世以来青藏高原隆升造山作用的影响,该区经历了快速降温的地质演化过程.综合锆石裂变径迹、磷灰石裂变径迹的热史反演结果,表明区内晚白垩世典型成矿斑岩体具有相似的隆升过程和剥蚀历史,并获得了剥蚀量与剥蚀速率的定量计算结果,为区内矿床的资源潜力评价及勘查工作提供了科学参考.     

塔北中新生代构造演化与砂岩型铀成矿作用关系——来自磷灰石裂变径迹的证据

塔里木盆地北部萨瓦甫齐及塔里克地区4个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹测年以及热史反演结果显示,两个地区的隆升时代不同,其中萨瓦甫齐地区裂变径迹年龄为3．5～3．9Ma,而塔里克地区的裂变径迹年龄为53～59Ma。热史分析揭示出岩体至少记录了自晚白垩世以来的3个显著冷却阶段。同时,结合前人对塔北中新生代隆升剥蚀研究结果,重点对塔北地区中新生代构造隆升阶段进行了详细研究与划分,结合新疆中新生代砂岩型铀成矿年龄,提出了对塔北地区中新生代构造演化与砂岩型铀成矿作用的新认识。     

黄陵背斜中新生代多期次隆升的构造-沉积响应

低温热年代学资料的统计分析结果表明黄陵背斜中生代以来主要经历了四个规模不同的构造隆升阶段,其动力学机制均与区域性构造事件紧密相关.中三叠世至中侏罗世(240-160 Ma),黄陵背斜周缘没有发生褶皱变形,主要是受基底的不规则活动控制而出现缓慢的差异隆升作用,表现为多个地层间的平行不整合和构造古地理格局差异;晚侏罗世至晚白垩世早期(160-95 Ma),受秦岭-大别造山带和雪峰陆内造山带双向挤压作用的影响,中上扬子盆地的沉积中心和燕山期弧形对冲构造带均自东向西会聚迁移,NNE向的黄陵背斜形成并作为独立构造单元发生强烈的隆升作用;晚白垩世至始新世中期(95-45 Ma),黄陵背斜相对稳定并缓慢隆升;始新世晚期以来(45-0 Ma)的构造事件主要表现为新近系与古近系间的角度不整合和相应的构造形变,使得包括黄陵背斜在内的中上扬子地区整体发生较快速的隆升剥蚀作用.其中,晚侏罗世至早白垩世时期是黄陵背斜构造格架定型的重要时期.     

川东北地区通南巴背斜中三叠世以来构造变形时间厘定及其地质意义

通南巴背斜位于四川盆地东北部,中三叠世以来经历多期构造挤压与叠加作用,其形成与演化主要受到米仓山构造带由北西向南东冲断挤压作用的控制以及大巴山构造带由北东向南西构造叠加的影响,因此,厘定通南巴背斜的构造活动时间可以有效约束米仓山中三叠世以来陆内变形时间,亦对区域构造变形时序以及米仓山基底冲断变形特征有指示意义。本文以两条地质剖面为基础,刻画出背斜南翼中-上侏罗统旋转生长地层特征,表明地层发生褶皱的启动时间为中侏罗世晚期-晚侏罗世早期,并且通过长剖面解释,认为米仓山基底发育楔入冲断构造,楔端点位移沿前震旦系滑脱层向盆地扩展传递导致了通南巴背斜NE向构造的形成。磷灰石裂变径迹热模拟显示,通南巴背斜分别于晚白垩世早期(95~90 Ma)和新生代中晚期(~24 Ma)开始快速隆升剥蚀,隆升速率分别为0.06~0.085 mm/a和0.133 mm/a左右。通过汇总区域低温热年代学样品点,分区建立构造变形时空序列,得出川东北地区在中-晚侏罗世、白垩纪以及始新世-中新世分别发生一次米仓山由北向南的构造扩展以及大巴山由北东向南西的构造叠加作用。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。