松辽盆地白垩系大陆科学钻探松科2井钻遇地层界面及岩性剖面预测

在松辽盆地白垩纪大陆科学钻探松科2井实施前,以钻井地质设计为基础,结合区域地层特征、地球物理资料和邻井钻探结果,参照油气勘探生产标准和经验,对松科2井钻遇主要界面深度进行预测,建立基本框架,同时预测全井段岩性序列、可能的油气水情况和故障层段,最终建立松科2井综合模拟柱状图。各主要地层界面预测深度为:嫩江组二段顶面(T_06)950m,姚家组顶面(T_1)1 245m,泉头组顶面(T_2)1 680m,登娄库组顶面(T_3)2 530m,营城组顶面(T_4)2 965m,沙河子组顶面(T_4-1)3 320m,火石岭组顶面(T_4-2)5 670m,基底顶面(T_5)6 240 m。岩性剖面的预测主要分为两部分:(1)T_4-1之上参考邻井宋深3井钻遇岩性序列;(2)T_4-1之下则根据地震剖面、其他钻遇相当层位的邻井和区域地层特征综合预测。主要目的层岩性特征如下:营城组上部为粗砂岩、砾岩、砂砾岩,下部为厚层凝灰岩、安山玄武岩、流纹岩夹泥岩,底部为砾岩;沙河子组为泥岩夹煤线、细砂岩、粉砂岩和泥质粉砂岩;火石岭组上部为凝灰岩、泥岩、英安岩和安山岩,下部为泥岩夹细-粉砂岩,含煤;基底为极低级或高级成岩的石炭—二叠系沉积地层。松科2井模拟柱状图是钻探工程施工的主要依据,同时也为其他科学钻探工程模拟柱状图的编制提供借鉴。     

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷沙河子组顶界面特征研究——基于松辽盆地大陆科学钻探松科2井

为精确划分松辽盆地沙河子组层序地层,限定断陷期沙河子组与营城组地层时代,进而研究断陷期盆地的演化,笔者利用松辽盆地大陆科学钻探松科2井获取的下白垩统地层岩芯资料,从岩芯尺度对沙河子组与营城组界面进行揭示,结合过松科2井地震剖面解释、松科2井及邻井测井响应特征分析和岩芯精细描述,总结出沙河子组顶界面在不同尺度的具体特征:(1)在地震剖面尺度,其表现为明显上超的特征;(2)在测井曲线上,界面附近表现为由下到上自然伽马曲线变化幅度增大,双侧向电阻率曲线由低值变为中高值的特征;(3)岩芯尺度上,表现为细粒沉积的砂泥岩突变为砾岩或火山岩。     

松辽盆地南部上、下白垩统界线研究：以松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探松科3井为例

国际上公认的上、下白垩统界线绝对年龄为100.5 Ma,该界线的“金钉子”位于海相地层中,而陆相层序中有关该地层界线的“金钉子”迄今尚无报道。陆相上、下白垩统界线的研究对于了解白垩纪中期温室条件下陆地上所经历的古地理、古环境、古气候的演化过程具有重要价值。我国东北地区的松辽盆地发育完整的白垩纪陆相地层,可能为陆相的上、下白垩统地层界线的研究提供连续的地质记录。本文基于松辽盆地国际大陆科学钻探松辽盆地南部松科3井全取心资料,通过对岩石类型、岩性序列和沉积相研究,于井深1 191.6 m处的泉头组二段上部滨浅湖相沉积序列中发现灰色、灰绿色流纹质岩屑晶屑沉凝灰岩。通过同沉积期岩浆锆石U-Pb测年获得年龄(96.8±2.9) Ma,时代属于塞诺曼中期。结合前人资料得到研究区登娄库组—泉头组沉积速率为90.54～110 m/Ma,由此确定出上、下白垩统界线位于松科3井泉一段中部(井段1 526.6～1 598.6 m)。本文在考虑测年结果误差的情况下,另外计算出松科3井上、下白垩统界线介于泉二段中部至登四段上部(井段1 279.6～1 917.6 m)。其他学者基于松辽盆地北部松科1井和松科2井...     

松辽盆地深层断陷沙河子组烃源岩分布预测与生气潜力

松辽盆地下白垩统沙河子组是深层断陷的主要烃源岩发育层系,目前钻井揭示其厚度大(700 m),埋藏深(3 500 m),但钻井大都分布于深层断陷的边部,断陷内部烃源岩层揭示少。根据断陷结构样式及地震反射特征,总结出单断箕状断陷和双断地堑式断陷两种沙河子组烃源岩发育模式,并确定深层烃源岩主要有五种存在形式。断陷中部席状平行结构、成层性、连续性好的地震反射特征的烃源岩最为落实,主要为深湖--半深湖相,暗色泥岩厚度大,暗地比高(45%~70%)。深层沙河子组烃源岩总生气量约148.38×1012m3,天然气资源潜力巨大。     

松科1井南孔选址、岩心剖面特征与特殊岩性层的分布

松科1井南孔是松辽盆地白垩系科学钻探工程两个钻孔中的一个,位于松辽盆地北部中央坳陷区齐家古龙凹陷敖南鼻状构造的翼部。通过对松科1井南孔嫩二段底部到泉三段顶部连续取心资料的详细描述,建立松科1井南孔岩心剖面,识别出5种常见岩性(泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩)和8种特殊岩性(白云岩、火山灰、油页岩、灰质泥岩、泥灰岩、重结晶灰岩、介形虫碎屑灰岩和介形虫灰岩)。特殊岩性出现的总层数为172层,总厚度为14.516m,分布在青一段,青二、三段,姚二、三段,嫩一段和嫩二段地层中。对松科1井的精细岩心描述和对特殊岩性的识别是后续研究工作开展的基础。     

滇西干沟金多金属矿地质特征及矿床成因

干沟金多金属矿床位于云南省姚安县,构造位置位于扬子板块西缘凹陷带,矿区主要出露上侏罗统妥匐组及自垩系内陆河、湖相红色含铜(银、金等)碎屑岩建造;次为第三系上新统沙沟组含盐建造。局部有火山喷发岩产出。矿化围岩以上侏罗统妥甸组泥岩、粉砂质泥岩,和白垩系高峰寺组、普昌河组、马头山组砂岩、泥岩、钙质泥岩为主,其次为火山一次火山杂岩。通过对区域成矿背景、矿区地质和矿体地质特征的分析,认为该区矿床成因是属于与斑岩有关的中低温脆性剪切带型金多金属矿床。     

松科二井邻域沙河子组含油气地层结构特征——基于测井和地震数据的分析

松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工程"松科二井"获得了最完整的沙河子组地层岩心,初步识别出深部页岩气气测异常43层,累计厚度102 m,显示出沙河子组地层具有良好的深部能源前景。为进一步分析松辽盆地沙河子组地层油气资源潜力,本文在前人研究的基础上,结合松科二井测井、岩心数据和地震数据,分析松科二井邻域沙河子组地层的层序特征和空间展布,同时以随钻录井记录到的气测异常为出发点,分析沙河子组地层的测井和地震响应。结果显示:松科二井邻域沙河子组地层具有厚度大、横向延续小的地层展布特点,根据测井、岩心及地震数据,将沙河子组地层分为4个三级层序:SQ1、SQ2、SQ3和SQ4,其中顶部SQ4层序具有较好的油气前景,其岩性以泥岩为主,并具有相对较高孔隙度、低波阻抗的测井曲线特征,在地震剖面上表现为连续强振幅,阻抗反演剖面上存在局部低波阻抗特征,揭示了该区沙河子组深层天然气资源的赋存条件。     

潮水盆地西部构造与铀成矿的关系

正1区域地质背景潮水盆地位于甘肃中北部和内蒙古西南部,为中新生代断陷盆地,盆地基底主要由古老结晶变质岩及元古宙—中生界岩浆岩组成,隶属于华北板块阿拉善地块。盆地盖层为侏罗系、白垩系、新近系,其中在下白垩统庙沟群(K_1mg)见大红山泥岩型铀矿床、狼娃山井砂岩型铀矿点,在中侏罗统青土井组(J2qn)见半槽河砂岩型铀矿点,因此下白垩统庙沟     

松辽盆地科学钻探工程松科二井东孔上白垩统地球物理测井科学成果

松辽盆地科学钻探工程是围绕地球深部资源、古环境与古气候等一系列重要地球科学问题而实施的重大科学工程。作为该工程的主体钻孔, 松科二井东孔设计为松辽盆地最深钻孔, 设计深度6 400.0 m, 计划穿透白垩系地层、钻至盆地基底。由于上白垩统井段取心量非常少, 因此地球物理测井的作用尤为重要。该孔正式开钻后, 采用先进的成像测井设备对一开和二开钻井井段(上白垩统井段)先后实施4次裸眼井综合测井和套管井测井作业, 并系统地开展测井综合评价, 取得以下科学成果: (1)原位获取了常规测井、特殊测井和固井质量检查测井资料共20种, 资料丰富、质量优良, 建立了上白垩统连续的岩石物理参数标准剖面; (2)完成了上白垩统地层划分、岩性识别、沉积和构造精细解释; (3)识别出泉头组油气储层、嫩江组和青山口组烃源岩层、嫩江组高放射性异常层, 以及上白垩统地热开发潜力层; (4)探索了青山口组古气候分析的有利测井指标; (5)及时提供准确的井径、钻孔轨迹和固井质量等关键钻探工程信息。研究成果对于松辽盆地地球物理勘探科学“标尺”建立、古环境与古气候研究、钻探工程施工起到至关重要的作用, 为整个钻探工程科学目标的实现奠定良好基础。     

松科1井南孔选址、岩心剖面特征与特殊岩性层的分布

松科1井南孔是松辽盆地白垩系科学钻探工程两个钻孔中的一个,位于松辽盆地北部中央坳陷区齐家古龙凹陷敖南鼻状构造的翼部。通过对松科1井南孔嫩二段底部到泉三段顶部连续取心资料的详细描述,建立松科1井南孔岩心剖面,识别出5种常见岩性（泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩）和8种特殊岩性（白云岩、火山灰、油页岩、灰质泥岩、泥灰岩、重结晶灰岩、介形虫碎屑灰岩和介形虫灰岩）。特殊岩性出现的总层数为172层,总厚度为14.516m,分布在青一段,青二、三段,姚二、三段,嫩一段和嫩二段地层中。对松科1井的精细岩心描述和对特殊岩性的识别是后续研究工作开展的基础。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.