中国铝土矿床品位吨位模型

矿床品位吨位模型是矿产资源潜力评价的重要组成部分.以1999年全国矿产储量数据库资料为依据,在对全国255个铝土矿床进行频率直方图、正态及对数正态统计检验的基础上,建立了不同类型铝土矿床的品位吨位模型.不同类型的模型分布特征表明,中国不同类型铝土矿床品位吨位模型服从对数正态分布.资源量的蒙特卡洛模拟计算结果表明,中国铝土矿资源在90%的概率下,沉积-水硬铝石型铝土矿床资源量占已发现资源量的198.78%,堆积-水硬铝石型铝土矿床资源量占已发现资源量的155.29%.中国铝土矿资源的找矿前景良好,沉积-水硬铝石型铝土矿床和堆积-水硬铝石型铝土矿床是今后主要的找矿类型和方向.     

中国硫矿床品位－吨位模型

矿床品位－吨位模型是矿产资源潜力评价的重要组成部分。以1999年全国矿产储量数据库的资料为依据,在对全国285个硫矿床进行频率直方图、正态及对数正态统计检验的基础上,建立了不同类型硫矿床的品位－吨位模型。不同类型的模型分布特征表明,中国硫矿资源的找矿前景良好、潜力巨大,其中热液黄铁矿型硫矿床和黄铁矿沉积型硫矿床是今后主要的找矿类型和方向。     

中国硫矿床品位－吨位模型

矿床品位－吨位模型是矿产资源潜力评价的重要组成部分。以1999年全国矿产储量数据库的资料为依据,在对全国285个硫矿床进行频率直方图、正态及对数正态统计检验的基础上,建立了不同类型硫矿床的品位－吨位模型。不同类型的模型分布特征表明,中国硫矿资源的找矿前景良好、潜力巨大,其中热液黄铁矿型硫矿床和黄铁矿沉积型硫矿床是今后主要的找矿类型和方向。     

中国硫矿床品位-吨位模型

矿床品位一吨位模型是矿产资源潜力评价的重要组成部分.以1999年全国矿产储量数据库的资料为依据,在对全国285个硫矿床进行频率直方图、正态及对数正态统计检验的基础上,建立了不同类型硫矿床的品位一吨位模型.不同类型的模型分布特征表明,中国硫矿资源的找矿前景良好、潜力巨大,其中热液黄铁矿型硫矿床和黄铁矿沉积型硫矿床是今后主要的找矿类型和方向.     

油气放射性方法勘查的数据预处理效果

本文根据川中某地１５０ｋｍ２范围内应用的７种放射性方法，在同一测点上获取的９个参数，共１９０２个测量数据，进行了统计分布特征研究。研究结果表明：７种放射性测量方法所获的原始数据具有３种统计分布类型──近似算术正态型、对数正态型、混合型。利用广义幂正态转换方法［１］将上述３种分布类型归结为一种分布──正态分布，获得了客观的区域背景值和异常下限值。为进一步的统计分析提供了一个较为合理的数学模型。     

次生晕数据的对数正态泛克立格法研究及异常评价

首先介绍了对数正态泛克立格法的基本理论和方法,包括对数正态分布,三参数对数正态分布,求解估值(Z_v)~*所需的权系数λ_α.及求解漂移值(m_v)~*所需的权系数ρ_α的对数正态泛克立格方程组.其次,笔者应用对数正态泛克立格法探讨了华北某测区的次生晕数据、元素统计分布特征以及变异函数及结构分析.最后,给出测区估计结果,元素综合异常图,划分出5个异常区,并结合地质条件对异常进行了综合评价.     

矿床储量规模的统计划分

根据统计地球化学，矿床储量呈对数正态分布，其对数的平均值和方差分别为ｍ和σ＾２。据此，本文提出一种新的矿床储量规模划分公式：ηｎ＝ｅｘｐ〔ｍ＋（ｎ－１／２）σ〕，ｎ＝０，１，２，３，４。     

沉积改造矿床成矿的随机性及统计分析

本文讨论了成矿随机性问题,强调成矿理论应建立在概率论思想的基础上。元素丰度的概率类型,取决于所处环境赋于它的地球化学性质:环境使其具滞呆性时,呈正态;具活泼性时为偏倚型。活泼性元素成矿后其概率分布为正偏倚型,可被分解为若干个正态,具高均值者伴有大的标准差。滞呆性元素成矿后概率分布为负偏倚型,所分解得的正态与活泼性元素的相反,具高均值者带有小的标准差。矿床的空间分布,受多阶段成矿和成矿因素的叠加控制,故不服从泊松律,而为负二项分布。     

关于Γ型矿产资源量评估模型的后续讨论

本文是“Г型矿床及其资源量评估模型的建立”一文的后续讨论,它确定了Г型矿产资源总量Q_T的落入区间,并对相应问题作了若干补充。 在“Г型矿床及其资源量评估模型的建立”(以下简称“模型”,《地球科学》1990年5期)一文中,笔者对矿床按统计特征进行了数学分类,并对其中的Г型矿床及其资源量评估模型展开了讨论,用Q_m=S_1(sum from x=1 to m(1/x~k))及Q_T=S_1(sum from x=1 to ∞(1/x~k))分别表示秩位截止到m的矿床资源量的     

先验概率分布及似然函数模型的选择对边坡可靠度评价影响的定量评估

受工程勘察成本及试验场地限制,可获得的试验数据通常有限,基于有限的试验数据难以准确估计岩土参数统计特征和边坡可靠度。贝叶斯方法可以融合有限的场地信息降低对岩土参数不确定性的估计进而提高边坡可靠度水平。但是,目前的贝叶斯更新研究大多假定参数先验概率分布为正态、对数正态和均匀分布,似然函数为多维正态分布,这种做法的合理性有待进一步验证。总结了岩土工程贝叶斯分析常用的参数先验概率分布及似然函数模型,以一个不排水黏土边坡为例,采用自适应贝叶斯更新方法系统探讨了参数先验概率分布和似然函数对空间变异边坡参数后验概率分布推断及可靠度更新的影响。计算结果表明:参数先验概率分布对空间变异边坡参数后验概率分布推断及可靠度更新均有一定的影响,选用对数正态和极值I型分布作为先验概率分布推断的参数后验概率分布离散性较小。选用Beta分布和极值I型分布获得的边坡可靠度计算结果分别偏于保守和危险,选用对数正态分布获得的边坡可靠度计算结果居中。相比之下,似然函数的影响更加显著。与其他类型似然函数相比,由多维联合正态分布构建的似然函数可在降低对岩土参数不确定性估计的同时,获得与场地信息更为吻合的计算结果。另外,构建似然...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861