渤海石油钻井平台上海洋性气候特征的研究

前言 过去,在国内以至国外的气候学专著或论文中,极少有关于单站典型海洋性气候特征的论述.这是因为即使是海岛台站,亦多因岛屿本身(岩石、土壤)的存在,使岛屿的海洋性气候变得不典型之故.本文利用渤海埕北油田两个采油平台(其经纬度和海拔高度分别为A台,38°27′N、118°25′E,30.0m; B台,39°09′N、119°42′E,17.0m)上1989年一整年的可贵的气象观测资料,与同期渤海之滨的塘沽站(39°00′N、117°43′E,3.2m)和距海约45km的内     

东海浮游动物生物量分布特征

根据1997～2000年东海海域23°30'～33°00'N,118°30'～128°00'E分别进行4个季节的海洋调查资料,对东海区浮游动物总生物量及饵料生物量的数量变动,时空分布及与鱼渔场关系作了分析.结果表明,四季总生物量均值为65.32mg/m3,其中秋季大于夏季大于春季大于冬季;饵料浮游动物生物量均值为40.9mg/m3,约占总生物量的60%,其中秋季大于夏季大于冬季大于春季.总生物量与饵料生物量平面分布趋势基本一致,高生物量(250～500mg/m3)区分布范围极小,一般占总调查面积的1%～4%.东海北部近海125°00'E以西,29°30'N以北水域生物量季节变化最明显.饵料浮游动物生物量平面分布取决于甲壳动物丰度的分布.饵料浮游动物生物量与鳀鱼中心渔场及其仔、稚鱼高密集区分布存在着较好的对应关系,春季鳀鱼中心渔场(>100kg/h1)和仔、稚鱼高密集区(≥100尾/网)位于东海中南部(28°00'～29°30'N)饵料浮游动物最高生物量(100～250mg/m3)密集区内或边缘水域.     

AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY OF BENTHIC ORGANISMS IN THE NEARSHORE WATERS TO THE WEST OF TAIWAN STRAIT

In seven cruises on benthic organisms in the nearshore waters(>50 m) to the west of the Taiwan Strait(23°20''-25°54''N,117°11''-119°58''E) in 1961-1964,altogether 189 stations of quantitative grabbing and 33 stations of qualitative trawling were made.
Altogether 392 species of benthic organisms have been identified.The composition was dominated by nearshore shallow water species,with tropical and subtropical species absolutely dominant.The total average of biomass was 38.0 g/m² and average density,116.0 ind./m².The communities of benthic organisms in the area can be classified into five communities namely,(1) Amphiura sp.-Acaudina molpadioides Community;(2) Protankyra asymmetrica-Arnphioplus pracstans-Murex trapa Community;(3) Modiolus meicalfei-Phyllophorus liuwutiensis-Armandia letocirris-Nephtys sinensis Community;(4) Branchiostoma belcheri-Solenr oseomaculatus-Marphysa sinensis- Onuphis eremita Community;(5) Iconomtra japonica-Barbatia decussata Community.     

南海中部叶绿素a分布和光合作用及其与环境因子的关系

本文描述了1983年9月-1984年12月4个航次南海中部(12°-19°30'N,111°-118°E)综合调查期间有关叶绿素a和光合作用的测定结果,并对叶绿素a时空分布,光合作用及其与环境因子的关系进行了讨论.调查表明:次表高值层为叶绿素分布的一个特征,其深度在50-100m左右,含量范围多在0.1-0.6mg/m³之间.叶绿素a的垂直变化与温、盐跃层,营养盐以及光的分布有关,而垂直积分的总量平面分布则与不同水团的消长有关.光合作用随深度的变化说明某些浮游植物适于低光下生长,而这些生物的活动也影响着亚硝酸盐和溶解氧的生成.     

一个预报福建省北部地区台风大风的回归模式

利用1949-1991年的台风资料,应用线性回归方法,分别建立了北(26°42N'、120°20'E)和北茭(26°23'N、119°59'E)两站的台风大风24h预报模式.从检验结果看,两站的台风大风预报历史拟合率分别为97%和87%.经1992年和1993年对两站的台风大风作验证,其预报准确率平均分别为97.4%和88%.     

西北太平洋137°E断面温度场和盐度场的时空特征

本文利用日本气象厅在137°E断面获得的水温和盐度长期观测资料,分析了该断面温度场和盐度场的时空特征.结果表明,137°E断面的温度场和盐度场都存在着明显的季节差异和年际变化.冬季,温度场变化的关键区位于3°～18°N的300m以浅海域,而盐度场变化的关键区则位于18°～34°N的300m以浅海域.夏季,温度场变化的关键区位于3°～16°N的300m以浅海域,而盐度场则有两个关键区,分别位于3°～18°N的200m以浅海域和24°～34°N的300m以浅海域.温度场的年际变化与ENSO循环相联系,而盐度场的年际变化则比较复杂.     

从海南岛全新世孢粉研究看海滨红树林的演化

海南岛是我国第二大岛,位于18°09'～21°10'N,108°03'～110°03'E北隔琼州海峡与雷州半岛相望.海岸线长达1500km,全岛面积为33900km2,四周地形低,中南部山地耸立,海拔100m以下的台地、平原占全岛面积的近2/3.     

湛江毗邻海域流场模型在海上搜救中的应用

依据<海岸与河口潮流泥沙模拟技术规范>建立湛江毗邻海域二维流场模型方程组[模拟区是(105°38'E、15°56'N)、(105°38'E、22°14'N)、(113°24'E、22°14'N)、(113°24'E、15°56'N)四点连线范围];采用"等步长"差分网格分割方法和ADI方法数值离散方程组,在确定了边界条件和初始值后,用追赶法求解.模拟出本研究海区的3种流场:一是潮流场;二是考虑了定常风作用后的流场;三是海上遇险目标漂流场.结果为该海域遇险目标搜寻与救助提供了技术支持.     

渤海和北极海冰组构及晶体结构特征分析

渤海一年冰的组构和晶体结构表现出的冰的非连续生长速率使得冰层底部具有气泡含量不同的许多分层;静水生长的灰冰具有典型的粒状冰和柱状冰;融化-重冻结冰和重叠冰具有特定的晶体结构.位于北冰洋72°24.037'N,153°33.994'W,长2.2m的冰心样为三年冰,并且发现其内有一种新的晶体类型,定义为碎屑凝聚冰.由位于北冰洋74°58.614'N,160°31.830'W,长4.86m的冰心样的晶体结构分析发现它过去为冰脊,后经融化-冻结改造形成冰丘的证据.     

东海陆架及邻近海区底栖生物数量分布初步研究

1977年10—11月和1978年9—10月,在东海陆架及邻近海区(26°00'—34°00'N,124°00'—129°00'E,水深39—1550m)进行底栖生物定量调查,全海区共布设定量采泥307站,获得底栖生物定量标本1200号。调查海区底栖生物的生物量较低,总生物量平均为11.5g/m2,栖息密度为30个/m2,生物量组成以棘皮动物占优势(5.4g/m2),依次为软体动物(2.6g/m2),多毛类(1.7g/m2),甲壳动物(0.5g/m2),生物量分布呈现随着深度的增大而减小的趋势,以水深50—100m为最高,生物量以粉砂底质最高(14.3g/m2),中细砂和细砂底质较接近(10g/m2左右),软泥底质最低,仅4.0g/m2。     

东海深海渔业资源及其开发利用

以往，东海渔场的利用范围主要在水深１２０米以浅的大陆架渔场，由于酷渔滥捕与环境污染，导致大黄鱼、小黄鱼等主要经济鱼类资源严重衰退、恶化。因此，东海大陆架以外浩瀚深邃的深海渔业资源问题，遂成为我国水产主管部门与科技人员关注的焦点。关于东海水深１２０m～１０００多m的深海生物组成及其渔业资源，以往不甚了解。日本“开洋”丸调查船于１９６７年首先在东海深海进行了一次试验性调查。１９７５年又对九州西南的大陆坡进行了一次短暂调查。１９７８年２６°００'N～３３°００'N、１２３°００'E～１２９°１５'E（水深１２…     

P矢量方法在南海夏季环流诊断计算中的应用

基于1998年6～7月南海调查航次的CTD资料,对南海环流采用最近发展的P矢量方法进行诊断计算.计算结果:黑潮向西入侵南海,然后做反气旋弯曲向东北方向流动,最终有通过巴士海峡流出南海的趋势.在南海北部存在一个气旋性环流,这个环流的强度和范围随深度增加而减小.该环流的冷中心位置随深度增加稍向南移.南海中部、越南以东海域存在一个明显的气旋涡和反气旋涡,尤其在200m及其以上水层均相当稳定,反气旋涡位于越南以东,其中心位置在11°53'N,111°50'E,气旋涡的中心位置在13°17'N,112°55'E,两者的尺度皆约为250km.吕宋岛西侧存在一个反气旋涡.在计算海区南部、巴拉望岛西南海域,100m以上层存在一个反气旋式涡.从各层流场分布均可以显示海流在西部强化的现象.     

The patterns of distribution of chlorophyll a and primary production in coastal upwelling area off Zhejiang

-Investigations of Chi, a and primary production were carried out in the coastal upwelling area (27°'-30°30'N, west to 124°00'E) off Zhejiang in August and October 1981. The high-value areas of Chl. a were in nearshore waters and on top of the upwelling front, where Chl. a occurred the maximum 7.40 mg/m3. With the average of 1.25 g C/m2.d, the primary production was more than 2.0gC/m2·d incenteral area of the upwelling, and the whole surveyed area's output was about 4.4 ×104 tons C/d.     

福建省近岸港湾沉积物质量状况

福建省是我国东南沿海省份,地处台湾海峡西岸.位于23°37'～27°10'N,117°11'～120°26'E之间.海域面积为13.6×104km2.其陆岸线总长为3324km.呈东北至西南走向,海岸线曲折多弯,形成了许多天然良港.其港湾沿岸均是福建沿海地区社会经济水平较高地区,是海洋资源开发的龙头产业所在地.近年来,随着改革开放,福建省经济突飞猛进,港口建设、海水养殖等经济迅速发展,港湾的沉积物污染状况日趋变得突出.     

Dissolved and labile particulate Zr,Hf, Nb,Ta, Mo and W in the western North Pacific Ocean

Dissolved and labile particulate Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo and W were determined at stations K1 (51°N, 165°E), K2 (47°N, 160°E), KNOT (44°N, 155°E) and 35N (35°N, 160°E) in the western North Pacific Ocean. A portion of seawater for dissolved species (D) was passed through a 0.2 μm Nuclepore filter and acidified to pH 2.2 with HCl and HF. A portion of seawater for acid-dissolvable species (AD) was acidified without filtration. Labile particulate (LP) species is defined as AD minus D, which represents a chemically labile fraction of particulate species. D-Zr, Hf and Ta increase with depth, Nb shows a slight depletion in surface water, whereas Mo and W have a conservative vertical profile. The concentration range of D-Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta and W is 31–275, 0.14–0.95, 4.0–7.2, 0.08–0.29 and 40–51 pmol kg⁻¹, respectively, whereas that of Mo is 97–105 nmol kg⁻¹. LP-species of Zr, Hf and Ta account for 10–14% of AD in average and increase up to 25% below 4000 m, whereas those for Mo and W are negligible. In contrast, LP-Nb shows maxima (up to 27%) in surface water. We also found that D-Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta and Mo/W mole ratios generally increase in the order continental crust < river water < coastal sea < open ocean.     

Helium and Oxygen isotopic evidence on exchange of waters between the western Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea

The composition and distribution of helium and oxygen isotopes in samples of seawater obtained at depths from surface to 300 m in the western Pacific(7°-26°N,122°-130°E) were discussed in detail.The results show that both δ¹⁸O and δ³He isoline extend eastward in the Pacific side of the Bashi Channel, which may suggest that the South China Sea water intrudes into the western Pacific by the Bashi Channel.     

Infragravity waves with internal wave characteristics in the south of the Bohai Sea of China

The measurements by using ADCP (500 KH) and CTD were made during August 2000 in the south (37°55''N, 120°25''E) of the Bohai Sea, where the water depth was about 16.5m. The data of horizontal velocity with sampling interval of 2 min in 7 layers were obtained. The power spec-trum analysis of these data indicates that there are very energetic infragrvity waves with a period of about 6 min. The coherence spetrum analysis and the analysis of temporal variation of shear show that these infragravity waves are mainly the free wave model (properties of edge waves), in the meantimethey possess some characteristics of internal waves, which are likely due to the distinctive marine environment in this area. It is speculated on that the instability processes (chiefly shear instability) of sheared stratified tidal flow owing to the effect of sea-floor slope in the coastal area might be the main mechanism generating these infragravity waves.     

Statistical analysis on ecological adaptation of pelagic Amphipoda in the East China Sea

This article studied the diversity of Amphipoda''s environmental adaptation using statistic methodology based on the seasonal investigation data obtained from the East China Sea waters (23°30''-33°N, 118°30''-128°E) from 1997 to 2000. Fifty-four Amphipoda species were identified:among which eight species could stand a temperature difference over 10℃ and eight species could tolerate the temperature gap ranged from 5 to 10℃; while only six species could stand the salinity fluctuation more than 5. Based on above facts as well as calculated optimal temperature and salinity we divided all Amphipoda species into four groups:(1) eurythermic and euryhalinous species including Lestrigonus schizogeneios, L. macrophthalmus, Tetrathyrus forcipatus, L. bengalensis and Hyperioides sibaginis; (2) temperate-warm species containing Hyperoche medusarum, Parathemisto gaudichaudi, Themisto japonica and Hyperia galba; (3) oceanic tropical species consisted of Oxycephalus clausi, Lycaea pulex, Eupronoe minuta, Simorhychotus antennarius, O. poreelus, Platyscelus ovoides and Rhabdosoma ahitei; (4) subtropical species involving one nearshore subtropical water species (Corophium uenoi) and 37 offshore subtropical ones. Compared with other zooplankton such as Euphausia and Chaetognatha, Amphipoda was characterized by low dominance but wide distribution in the East China Sea, and this could be ascribed to its high adaptation diversity.     

Abundance pattern of heterotrophic nanoflagellates in the southern Taiwan Strait

The analysis of 103 samples collected quantitatively from the southern Taiwan Strait (22°4'-24°3'N, 117°5'-119°9'E), China, in August 1997 indicates that the abundance of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) ranges from 391 to 1 846 ×103 cell/dm3, with an average of 949 × 103 cell/dm3, and 96.2% of cells are in size of 2-22 μm in all HNF met in the samples. The HNF cells are 9.83-45.79 μg/dm3 after conversion from cell number to carbon content, with an average of 22.82 μg/dm3 . The HNF abundance is relatively low in comparison with other areas. The nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of the water are lower than previous investigations, which may be caused by the El Nino. The biomass of HNF is higher in southern waters, where cell concentration is 3-5 folds higher than that in other waters, and nearly 2-fold as high as the average of the investigated areas. The HNF is mainly habitat in 0-30 m water layer. Both horizontal and vertical HNF distribution must be influenced by hy-drographical dynamic pro     

长江口邻近陆架区沉积物来源的有机地球化学探讨

本文叙述了用碳同位素质谱、毛细管气相色谱和三维全扫描荧光法等现代分析方法测定的沉积物中有机质的分布特征,从有机地球化学的观点探讨了东海长江口邻近海域(30°06'—31°30'N,122°30'—124°30'E)有机沉积物的来源,结果表明,该区域沉积物中的有机质主要来自长江口陆源植物和近海洋浮游生物,且长江陆源物从河口向海迅速减少,其中大部分沉积在123°E以西附近,这与其他海洋地质学家的研究结果相符.