矿山地质环境治理保证金制度发展历程及现实意义——以内蒙古赤峰地区为例

矿山地质环境治理保证金制度执行多年来,对我国不断完善矿山环境治理和生态修复工作影响深远,对矿山地质环境治理保证金制度的相关研究已成为焦点和热点。本文以内蒙古自治区赤峰地区为例,对矿山地质环境治理保证金制度实施情况、发展历程及现实意义进行了研究。内蒙古自治区赤峰地区矿山地质环境治理保证金制度经历了萌芽探索(2005年及以前)、试行推广(2006—2007年)、全面实施(2008—2012年)、健全完善(2013—2015年)、废止退出(2016—2019年)5个发展阶段,矿山地质环境治理保证金制度的实施,创新了矿山地质环境治理模式,推动了矿山地质环境治理工作,具有重要的现实意义,但面临资金闲置、与"放管服"改革精神不相符的困局。     

矿山环境治理过程中资金运作模式探索与实践

矿山环境治理恢复基金制度之所以取代矿山地质环境治理恢复保证金制度,目的之一是通过基金的合理运营,为矿山环境治理提供长效稳定的资金保障。通过对矿山地质环境治理恢复保证金制度中的资金问题进行剖析,从基金来源、基金运营、基金投入三个方面提出矿山环境治理过程中新的商业运作模式,并从市场化角度对社会资本进入矿山复绿和综合利用进行了探索,以期对矿山环境治理恢复基金制度的建立提供一定的指导和参考。     

张家口获3亿元矿山治理资金

本刊讯（李亚楠）河北省张家口市国土资源局积极组织申报下花园矿山地质环境治理项目,获得国务院审批。日前,该项目3亿元专项治理资金,已到位1亿元,近期即可开工建设。近年来,为加快我国重点区域矿山地质环境治理,财政部、国土资源部计划用3年时间,重点支持资源枯竭城市的矿山地质环境治理。     

泛华集团经营模式创新研究

泛华集团通过多年的理论研究和实践总结,以城市竞争力提升为根本目标,以城市聚集力研究为出发点,以城市系统规划集成和城市投融资体系完善为支撑,创造性地提出“中国城市发展创新模式”理论体系来指导中国的城市建设。泛华集团在“中国城市发展创新模式”的指引下,积极探索泛华集团业务发展的新思维、新模式,走出了一条泛华集团独特的发展之路。     

灵宝市矿山地质环境重点治理工程亿元项目开工

4月18日,灵宝市资源枯竭型城市矿山地质环境治理重点工程2010年度项目开工仪式在该市故县镇枣香峪举行,项目正式进入施工阶段。     

济南市2000年城市污水处理,回用及投资效益预测

本文通过对济南市２０００年城市污水处理，回用及投资，效益预测，为济南市水资源综合开发利用，环境治理与规划提供决策依据。     

“地票”交易空间广阔

＂地票＂交易制度创新可以有效解决当前城镇化和工业化加速期,城市建设用地指标紧张的矛盾。     

城市非点源污染管理的制度、信息和决策支撑

城市非点源污染对中国水环境的威胁日益加剧。制度不健全、信息基础薄弱和缺少决策支撑是当前城市非点源污染管理的主要制约因素。短期内,改善城市非点源污染管理的首要任务是夯实信息基础。从长远来看,制度的完善是落实城市非点源污染管理的根本保障。发达国家在信息基础建设和制度设计方面的成果和经验对于中国城市非点源污染管理工作有重要的参考价值。此外,先进的决策支撑技术是管理获得预期成效的重要保障。国际上决策支撑技术研究的最新发展动态值得国内相关领域借鉴。     

地质工作服务地方经济社会建设新领域、新方式探讨

新常态下的地质勘查工作要加速由资源型向资源环境并重转型,要创新服务方式,拓展服务领域,在城镇规划建设、国土空间开发、生态文明建设方面发挥新的更大的作用。当前尤其是要主动服务于土地利用总体规划修编和高标准基本农田保护区划定;要主动服务于重大工程项目选址选线和城市开发;要主动服务于土壤生态环境保护、修复,保障农产品质量安全;要主动服务于生态文明建设和地质环境治理工程。     

中国主要城市地质环境治理保护战略对策研究

本文在指明我国主要城市境环地质问题的基础上,有针对性地提出了一套技术、经济、行政、立法等城市地质环境治理保护综合战略对策,同时还从主要城市地质环境特征出发,划分四种不同的城市地质环境模式,提出不同的具体治理保护对策。不仅对加强城市地质环境的科学管理有实际意义,同时对进一步开展城市环境地质问题形成机制的研究亦有学术理论研究意义。     

New power relations served here: The growth of food banking in Chicago

While some non-profits have suffered under the political and economic pressures of neoliberal urban governance reform, others have emerged as important institutional players in local governance regimes. This article highlights how non-profits food banks in Chicago have commercialized in order to respond to increased demand, enhance their institutional independence from government, and reassert their local dominance in emergency food service delivery. From a food bank member agency perspective, the consolidation of food bank institutional power has produced new bureaucratic limitations, user fees, and increased competition. These shifts reveal the rise of metropolitan food banks as important players in neoliberal urban governance regimes, as they control the conceptualization of hunger, management of poverty, and organization of food distribution systems.     

From polygons to politics: Everyday practice and environmental governance in Veracruz,Mexico

This article argues that everyday practices can matter as much as organized social movements or outright resistance in environmental governance outcomes. While governance has become an important analytical category for understanding the institutional and epistemological systems through which resources are accessed and managed, existing characterizations of environmental governance are based on organized social movements and/or institutional re-scalings. This research reveals how state strategies to govern resources and reorder space were thwarted by the everyday practices of both farmers and state actors. Using a case study from a historic coffee-producing region in Veracruz, Mexico, this article presents ethnographic data to demonstrate how government attempts to control the environment are bound together in mutually constitutive processes of transformation with the actual places, peoples, and practices that make up the landscape.     

Building deliberative public-private partnerships for waste management in Asia

Public-private partnerships in environmental policy should not simply be viewed in instrumental terms as means of providing environmental infrastructure and services, but also as sites where norms of environmental concern and political accountability are formulated and replicated. Deliberative public-private partnerships--or partnerships that allow greater public participation in the formulation of these norms--may therefore become an important new form of local environmental governance and help make partnerships more relevant to local environmental needs. This paper examines case studies of public-private partnerships in waste-to-energy projects in the Philippines and India to identify how principles of institutional design may enhance the deliberative nature of public-private partnerships in environmental policy. The paper argues that current approaches to deliberative, or cooperative environmental governance concerning public-private partnerships need to acknowledge insights from network theory concerning the communication of environmental and political norms before they can be successfully transferred to developing countries.     

Going green or going away: Environmental regulation,economic geography and firms’ strategies in China’s pollution-intensive industries

The high-growth, resource- and pollution-intensive industrialization model that China has pursued has caused severe environmental pollution and deterioration, particularly in a number of clusters in the coastal regions of East and Southeast China, where the Reform and Opening-up policies first started. The lack of uptake of environmental norms/values, deficit of regulatory enforcement of environmental policies, and insufficient institutional capacity have been compounding factors. As environmental standards were raised by China’s central government, the enforcement of environmental regulation has been compromised more in inland China than in coastal regions, due to China’s “decentralized governance structure” and regional disparity in terms of both economic development and environmental pollution. This paper therefore argues that rising environmental regulations, as well as firm characteristics, regional hub effect and political environment, have all been particularly important in forcing China’s pollution-intensive enterprises to restructure their production, through innovation, upgrading, geographical relocation, outsourcing and plant closure, especially in China’s coastal regions. It contributes to recent studies by developing a heuristic analytical framework that aims to be sensitive to the impacts of environmental regulation, political environment and regional hub effect over firm restructuring, but which does so by stressing these impacts are simultaneously inflected by the nature and attributes of firms. The empirical analysis suggests a roughly inverted “U”-shaped relationship between firm relocation tendency and firm size (or firm capability), resulting from complex interactions between political environment, regional hub effect and environmental regulation.     

The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism

‘Smart cities’ is a term that has gained traction in academia, business and government to describe cities that, on the one hand, are increasingly composed of and monitored by pervasive and ubiquitous computing and, on the other, whose economy and governance is being driven by innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship, enacted by smart people. This paper focuses on the former and, drawing on a number of examples, details how cities are being instrumented with digital devices and infrastructure that produce ‘big data’. Such data, smart city advocates argue enables real-time analysis of city life, new modes of urban governance, and provides the raw material for envisioning and enacting more efficient, sustainable, competitive, productive, open and transparent cities. The final section of the paper provides a critical reflection on the implications of big data and smart urbanism, examining five emerging concerns: the politics of big urban data, technocratic governance and city development, corporatisation of city governance and technological lock-ins, buggy, brittle and hackable cities, and the panoptic city.     

Metropolitan government in Toulouse: From fragmentation to federalism

This paper examines changes in governance in the metropolitan area of Toulouse, which includes 78 communes and contains a population of 761,000. As in most French cities local government is very fragmented. Until the end of the 1980s, the urban services were delivered by many associations of communes, both single-purpose and multipurpose. This pragmatic form of governance made it possible for the communes to preserve their identity and their decision-making autonomy, which is the basis of the French traditional model of local democracy. But it is rather important to face the new challenges posed by inter-city competition across Europe, by continuing urban growth, and by the reinforcement of residential segregation. The recent creation of `Grand Toulouse', a metropolitan two-tier government with many competences and a taxing power appears to bring an institutional solution, but one can wonder if local leaders will try to make it simply another co-ordinating mechanism. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

我国城市地质工作主要进展与未来发展

本文从我国近30年来在城市地质工作中取得主要成果分析入手,论述了城市地质工作在理论研究、数据采集、方法创新、分析应用、效益成果展示、表达方法创新上的主要进展,并根据我国城市化发展规划,结合区域地质背景条件,指出不同区域城市群、不同环境特点、不同城市发展阶段城市地质工作的主要内容,提出了城市地质工作体系,最后对我国城市地质工作未来发展方向进行了探讨。     

Enclosure of the urban commons

This is an essay about the territorial enclosure of urban neighbourhoods. It develops the argument that the shared public realms that became regarded as normal in the cities of the 20th century are inherently unstable. More particularly, they are an unstable form of co-ownership domain (condominium). In many different cultures and economies new forms of local territorial governance are emerging to make joint consumption more sustainable. Most of the essay is devoted to exploring this evolutionary argument and is theoretically oriented and illustrated with historical examples. We end with illustrations of urban enclosure from China, a country that has had to discover almost overnight new forms of organisational, institutional and spatial order.     

我国城市地球化学热点领域研究进展及展望

城市地球化学主要研究城市化进程中的生态环境地质问题,运用地球化学的原理和方法,通过研究城市及城市群的地下水、地表水、土壤、大气及其降尘、生物等环境体系中化学元素和部分有机物的分布、演化、环境作用及健康效应,区分污染源,对未来环境演变趋势作出预警并给出治理方案。我国城市地球化学研究的热点和前沿主要集中在城市生态环境多目标地球化学调查评价、城市环境污染及生态风险评价（估）、城市生态环境对人体的健康效应、城市隐伏活动断层的地球化学探测、城市地球化学系统的调控等领域,并取得了一定进展,但仍存在着一定的问题,需要深入研究。