基于并行处理的CSAMT拟二维反演解释

为提高野外CSAMT测深数据的反演解释效率,提出了将并行计算技术引入CSAMT测深一维自动迭代反演中进行CSAMT拟二维反演解释的思路,基于多处理器多核工作站,结合多进程和多线程并行编程技术,形成相应并行算法和程序。采用该并行计算方法进行实测数据反演解释,结果表明,CSAMT拟二维反演解释并行计算技术能较大幅度地提高CSAMT测深数据的反演解释效率。     

直流电阻率测深二维自适应正则化反演

直流电阻率测深二维反演中,正则化参数的选取影响反演结果分辨率及反演过程稳定性。利用主动约束平衡正则化因子,进行直流电阻率光滑约束最小二乘二维自适应反演,改善直流电阻率测深二维反演的分辨率与稳定性。在反演迭代过程中,正则化因子根据模型参数的空间展布函数进行自适应计算、正则化参数的自适应计算。模拟数据反演结果验证了该方法的有效性与可行性,反演结果能准确地反映地下模型的真实电性结构。     

直流电阻率测深中二维反演程序对三维数据的近似解释

直流电阻率测深剖面数据解释最好的方法是二维反演，这是由于它反演速度快，而三维反演则需要很多的实测数据、很长的计算时间。而且通过对几种三维模型测深数据的二维反演结果的研究，发现尽管对无走向的良导矿体，二维反演方法所圈定的异常中心与真实矿体中心有一定的误差，但基本上还是能反映矿体的真实形态和中心位置。当矿体具有一定的走向长度时，则无论对高阻矿体还是良导矿体二维反演的效果都很好。     

CSAMT一维自动迭代和人机联作方式交替反演进行拟二维反演解释

为提高野外CSAMT测深数据的反演解释效率,基于一雏全区反演,提出了CSAMT一维自动迭代与人机联作方式交替反演进行拟二维反演解释的思路。该方法在自动迭代反演中,将BOSTICK反演结果作为自动迭代反演的初始模型。这里详细介绍了该方法的反演流程,并将该方法应用于实际资料的反演,反演结果与钻探资料基本吻合,证实了该方法是有效的。     

电偶源瞬变电磁测深一维全区视电阻率解释方法研究

本文从理论计算和野外实测资料处理两方面讨论了电偶源瞬变电磁测深─维全区视电阻率解释方法以及与之相关的实测数据预处理、磁场计算及─维磁场数值反演方法。     

电偶源瞬变电磁测深一维全区视电阻率解释方法研究

本文从理论计算和野外实测资料处理两方面讨论了电偶源瞬变电磁测深─维全区视电阻率解释方法以及与之相关的实测数据预处理、磁场计算及─维磁场数值反演方法.     

电阻率测深自动直接解释法的若干技术问题

讨论了应用Ｋｏｅｆｏｅｄ法自动直接解释电测深曲线中的数据采集、归化采样值的计算、反演计算、正演计算、图形显示以及计算精度等问题，并介绍了由作者开发的一套完整的电测深自动解释软件。     

直流激电测深二维反演的若干问题研究

目前,激电数据的二维反演主要针对高密度激电数据,而对于常规的激电测深则很少涉及.据此,针对常规激电测深二维反演所涉及到的一些技术难点进行探讨.在正演过程中,根据实测数据实现有限元网格自动剖分,并采用双网格系统,用相邻节点电导率双线性连续进行有限元模拟,并对模拟的误差进行校正.在反演过程中,利用互换原理和Broyden的方法计算偏导数矩阵;采用与奇异值分解算法精度相当的共轭梯度算法求解偏导数矩阵方程.最后通过对模拟数据和实测数据进行反演试算,验证本计算方法是可行的.     

利用一维正则化反演进行大地电磁测深数据拟二维反演解释

大地电磁测深的反演问题是不适定的,其反演结果不稳定,且具有非唯一性。通过在目标函数中采用正则化方法,可以使得不适定反演问题具有稳定的反演结果,并改善解的稳定性和非唯一性问题。为了提高野外大地电磁测深数据的处理效率和初步解释的精度,提出了大地电磁测深数据的一维正则化反演进行拟二维反演解释方法。这里所述的大地电磁测深一维反演解释,与以往的解释方法不同,其思路首先用Bostick反演的深度来控制层参数,使反演计算的模型参数仅存在电阻率;最后采用阻尼高斯-牛顿算法进行反演计算,并将Bostick反演结果作为反演计算的初始模型。通过模型试算,结果表明其处理速度快、解释直观,对野外大地电磁测深数据进行初步反演解释是可行的。     

梯度电测深方法在沂南金矿勘查中的应用

应用梯度电测深新方法,在不降低测量效果的前提下,使激电测深工作可以在勘探区内广泛开展,进而获取更加详细的地电断面资料,提高解释精度.在沂南金矿区应用梯度电测深方法,对实测数据进行二维反演计算,得到了极化率和电阻率断面.与实际地质剖面对比的结果表明,该方法能较好地反映实际地质特征,工作效率高,效果良好.     

直流电测深法与中心回线瞬变电磁法联合反演

分析了直流电测深法(VES)与中心回线瞬变电磁法(TEM)对地层的响应特征,结果显示:TEM对低阻层反应灵敏,而VES对高阻层具有较高的分辨能力。基于TEM与VES对地层响应特征互补的特点,尝试将TEM与VES数据进行联合反演,模型试算结果表明,联合反演的效果明显比单一方法反演的效果好。     

A novel and generalized approach in the inversion of geoelectrical resistivity data using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)

The non-linear apparent resistivity problem in the subsurface study of the earth takes into account the model parameters in terms of resistivity and thickness of individual subsurface layers using the trained synthetic data by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Here we used a single layer feed-forward neural network with fast back propagation learning algorithm. So on proper training of back propagation networks it tends to give the resistivity and thickness of the subsurface layer model of the field resistivity data with reference to the synthetic data trained in the appropriate network. During training, the weights and biases of the network are iteratively adjusted to make network performance function level more efficient. On adequate training, errors are minimized and the best result is obtained using the artificial neural networks. The network is trained with more number of VES data and this trained network is demonstrated by the field data. The accuracy of inversion depends upon the number of data trained. In this novel and specially designed algorithm, the interpretation of the vertical electrical sounding has been done successfully with the more accurate layer model.     

点源二维地电模型反演方法的研究

为了提高电法勘探数据解释的能力,寻找较好的二维反演方法,本文在研究改进的阻尼最小二乘法在二维反演中应用的同时,成功地引进和发展了Box-Kanemasu反演法。在微机上实现了电法勘探数据的二维反演解释。理论和实际地电模型的二维反演算例表明,该方法的理论是正确的,方法是切实可行的。     

Assessment of integrated electrical resistivity data on complex aquifer structures in NE Nuba Mountains – Sudan

Two geophysical techniques were integrated to map the groundwater aquifers on complex geological settings, in the crystalline basement terrain in northeast Nuba Mountains. The water flow is structurally controlled by the northwest–southeast extensional faults as one of several in-situ deformational patterns that are attributed to the collision of the Pan-African oceanic assemblage of the Nubian shield against the pre-Pan African continental crust to the west. The structural lineaments and drainage systems have been enhanced by the remote sensing technique. The geophysical techniques used are: vertical electrical soundings (VES) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), in addition to hydraulic conductivity measurements. These measurements were designed to overlap in order to improve the producibility of the geophysical data and to provide a better interpretation of the hydrogeological setting of the aquifer complex structure. Smooth and Block inversion schemes were attempted for the observed ERT data to study their reliability in mapping the different geometries in the complex subsurface. The VES data was conducted where ERT survey was not accessible, and inverted smoothly and merged with the ERT in the 3D resistivity grid. The hydraulic conductivity was measured for 42 water samples collected from the distributed dug wells in the study area; where extremely high saline zones were recorded and have been compared to the resistivity values in the 3D model.     

电阻率图像重建的佐迪(Zohdy)反演及其应用效果

本文讨论了利用佐迪反演方法对地表高密度电阻率法的数据采集结果进行电阻率图像重建。通过对多种复杂地电模型的数值模拟和野外实例的反演分析,表明该方法简单易行,计算成本较低,成像的分辨率高,效果较理想,将其用于地表测量的电阻率层析成像完全可行。作者用Fortran语言编制了实现上述过程的程序,对所有数学模型的正演计算均采用2.5维有限元法。为突出成像效果,本文在结果图示时均采用了伪彩色图像处理技术。     

Delineation of shallow resistivity structure in the city of Burdur,SW Turkey by vertical electrical sounding measurements

The city of Burdur, which is built on an alluvium aquifer, is located in one of the most seismically active zones in southwestern Turkey. The soil properties in the study site are characterized by unconsolidated and water-saturated sediments including silty, clayey and sandy units, and shallow groundwater level is the other characteristic of the site. Thus, the city is under soil liquefaction risk during a large earthquake. A resistivity survey including 189 vertical electrical sounding (VES) measurements was carried out in 2000 as part of a multi-disciplinary project aiming to investigate settlement properties in Burdur city and its vicinity. In the present study, the VES data acquired by using a Schlumberger array were re-processed with 1D and 2D inversion techniques to determine liquefaction potential in the study site. The results of some 1D interpretations were compared to the data from several wells drilled during the project. Also, the groundwater level map that was previously obtained by hydrological studies was extended toward north by using the resistivity data. 2D least-squares inversions were performed along nine VES profiles. This provided very useful information on vertical and horizontal extends of geologic units and water content in the subsurface. The study area is characterized by low resistivity distribution (<150 Ωm) originating from high fluid content in the subsurface. Lower resistivity (3–30 Ωm) is associated with the Quaternary and the Tertiary lacustrine sediments while relatively high resistivity (40–150 Ωm) is related to the Quaternary alluvial cone deposits. This study has also shown that the resistivity measurements are useful in the estimation of liquefaction risk in a site by providing information on the groundwater level and the fluid content in the subsurface. Based on this, we obtained a liquefaction hazard map for the study area. The liquefaction potential was classified by considering the resistivity distributions from 2D inversion of the VES profiles, the types of the sediments and the extended groundwater level map. According to this map, the study area was characterized by high liquefaction hazard risk.     

Influence of shallow infiltration on time-lapse ERT: Experience of advanced interpretation

Previous time-lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) studies have experienced difficulties in reconstructing reliable calculated resistivity changes in the subsurface. Increases or decreases of resistivity appear in the calculated ERT image where no changes were noted in the subsurface, leading to erroneous hydrological interpretations of the geophysical results. In this article, we investigate how a variation of actual resistivity with time and at shallow depth can influence time-lapse ERT results and produce resistivity artefacts at depth. We use 1 and 2-D numerical modelling to simulate infiltration scenarios. Using a standard time-lapse inversion, we demonstrate the resistivity artefact production according to the electrode spacing parameter. We used an advanced inversion methodology with a decoupling line at shallow depth to attenuate or remove resistivity artefacts. We also applied this methodology to a field data set obtained in a semi-arid environment in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Here, time-lapse ERT shows several resistivity artefacts of calculated resistivity if a standard inversion is used. We demonstrate the importance of a dense sampling of shallow resistivity variations at shallow depth. Advanced interpretation allows us to significantly attenuate or remove the resistivity artefact production at intermediate depth and produce reliable interpretation of hydrological processes.     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000254

The applications of intelligent techniques have increased exponentially in recent days to study most of the non-linear parameters.In particular,the behavior of earth resembles the non-linearity applications.An efficient tool is needed for the interpretation of geophysical parameters to study the subsurface of the earth.Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) perform certain tasks if the structure of the network is modified accordingly for the purpose it has been used.The three most robust networks were taken and comparatively analyzed for their performance to choose the appropriate network.The single-layer feed-forward neural network with the back propagation algorithm is chosen as one of the well-suited networks after comparing the results.Initially,certain synthetic data sets of all three-layer curves have been taken for training the network,and the network is validated by the Held datasets collected from Tuticorin Coastal Region(78°7′30″E and 8°48′45″N),Tamil Nadu.India.The interpretation has been done successfully using the corresponding learning algorithm in the present study.With proper training of back propagation networks,it tends to give the resistivity and thickness of the subsurface layer model of the field resistivity data concerning the synthetic data trained earlier in the appropriate network.The network is trained with more Vertical Electrical Sounding(VES) data,and this trained network is demonstrated by the field data.Groundwater table depth also has been modeled.     

Integrated geoelectrical survey for groundwater and shallow subsurface evaluation: case study at Siliyin spring, El-Fayoum, Egypt

Siliyin spring is one of the many natural fresh water springs in the Western Desert of Egypt. It is located at the central part of El-Fayoum Delta, which is a potential place for urban developments and touristic activities. Integrated geoelectrical survey was conducted to facilitate mapping the groundwater resources and the shallow subsurface structures in the area. Twenty-eight transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings, three vertical electrical soundings (VES) and three electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles were carried out around the Siliyin spring location. The dense cultivation, the rugged topography and the existence of infra structure in the area hindered acquiring more data. The TEM data were inverted jointly with the VES and ERT, and constrained by available geological information. Based on the inversion results, a set of geoelectrical cross-sections have been constructed. The shallow sand to sandy clay layer that forms the shallow aquifer has been completely mapped underneath and around the spring area. Flowing of water from the Siliyin spring is interconnected with the lateral lithological changes from clay to sand soil. Exploration of the extension of Siliyin spring zone is recommended. The interpretation emphasizes the importance of integrating the geoelectrical survey with the available geological information to obtain useful, cheap and fast lithological and structural subsurface information.