AR5395及AR6659的贮能释能周期性

本分析了ＡＲ５３９５和ＡＲ６６５９的Ｘ射线耀斑活动周期性，耀斑强度周期的存在表面活动区的能量积累的释放过程具有可重复性，包括贮存的能量大小也具有重复性，计算阳出ＡＲ５３９５的耀斑强度周期为２４．４９小时，而ＡＲ６６５９的周期为５７．３９小时，耀斑指数按周期的分布证明在一个贮能周期中活动区贮存的能量大致相同，周期内的平均耀斑指数代表能量积累效率，ＡＲ６６５９较之ＡＲ５３９３有较长的能量积累周期和较     

AR5395活动区中的耀斑和磁场位形

在太阳活动区AR5395中连续几天内存在着旋转运动,后来演化为磁场被强剪切。根据AR5395演化的分析研究,本文对该活动区产生的耀斑提出两个模型。首先,该活动区的耀斑位形是一个扭转的共生磁流管:许多磁流管的N极一端被旋转运动扭到一起,处于亚稳状态,一旦受到触发就释放出被储存的能量。随着耀斑不断产     

AR5395:乌鲁木齐天文站色球观测概要

本文列表给出了乌鲁木齐天文站1989年3月对活动区AR5395观测到的1级以上色球耀斑及5M级以上X射线耀斑相对应的色球耀斑数据,并选登了3月9日—18日活动区AR5395的演化及3月10日冲浪后色球耀斑相对应的色球照片。本文还对活动区AR5395及3月10日、13日两次耀斑活动形态作了初步分析。本工作得到了中国科     

AR3595活动区矢量磁场和速度场演化

1989年3月出现在日面上的AR5395活动区是一个δ磁结构的超级活动区。由于活动区中大量磁通量的浮现,磁结构的挤压和剪切运动造成该活动区中大量的耀斑发     

AR5395:精细结构,磁剪切和耀斑

用26cm太阳望远镜的高分辨光球色球照片和北京夭文台怀柔站的太阳磁图证认出AR5395活动区中5段剪切的磁极性反转线(中性线)。考察这些线段与黑子精细结构,活动区暗条以及耀斑活动之间的关系。结果表明,多数观测到的耀斑发生在磁剪切     

AR5395的演化及有关日地事件的时间序列

1989年3月出现的太阳活动区5395号(以下简称AR5395)是第22太阳周峰期的一个高活动区,在其通过日面时,观测到11个X级、48个M级的X射线爆发,引起了自1961年以来最强的地磁暴。本文首先叙述AR5395过日面时的黑子群面积、射电辐射流量密度(2800MHz)及1A—8A软X射线最低值的日变化以及发生耀斑的时     

AR5395:云南天文台26cm太阳望远镜的光球和色球观测

报导云南天文台26cm太阳望远镜对AR5395活动区所作的高分辨光球和色球观测结果。刊登该活动区从3月8日到16日的每日色球照片和观测到的耀斑表和照片,选     

AR5395活动区耀斑和纵向电流密度的关系

本文分析了AR5395活动区1989年3月9日——3月15日光球纵向电流密度与耀斑初始亮点及耀斑位置之间的关系,得到如下结果: 1.Hα初始亮点并不是在电流密度最强处,并且有很多就是在非电流处(<1×     

AR5395活动区中的剪切储能(摘要)

在太阳活动区AR5395中存在不断地旋转运动。产生了一系列大耀斑之后,活动区的磁场位形重新组建。活动区内的磁场被剪切。本文建立了一个剪切的开放的磁拱模型,利用2(1/2)维的理想磁流体动力学方程组,研究了磁拱底部的磁场剪切储存能量。通     

AR5395微波爆中双峰结构的准周期振荡的初步分析

本文分析了1989年3月9日,11日,13日与AR5395活动区产生的耀斑成协的,叠加在2cm微波爆发上的具有双峰结构的准周期振荡。利用磁流环熔合的非线性不稳定性的机制;对等离子体和磁场相互作用的过程进行了定性分析。并计算了几个有     

AR6659光球色球的磁场速度场的演化特征及其与大耀斑的关系

ＡＲ６６５９是２２周以来最重要的一个活动区，它爆发了２２周最强大的高能事件。本文用云南天文台的光球、色球精细结构照片和北京天文台怀柔站的磁场速度场资料，分析了该活动区磁场速度场的二维位形和大耀斑期间的演化特征。本文分析的４个大耀斑均爆发在中性线附近的Ｎ极区磁场梯度大的地方及色球速度场的红移区。偏带观测也显示耀斑物质是向红端移动的。耀斑波沿横场传播在离本黑子群几万至十几万公里的地方激起感生耀斑，在原生耀斑与感生耀斑之间往往有耀斑环相连。此外，本文还从演化特征出发分析了耀斑爆发前活动区等离子体的宏观不稳定性。     

Coronal Magnetic Field Structure and Evolution for Flaring AR 11117 and Its Surroundings

In this study, photospheric vector magnetograms obtained with the Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun (SOLIS) survey are used as boundary conditions to model three-dimensional nonlinear force-free (NLFF) coronal magnetic fields as a sequence of NLFF equilibria in spherical geometry. We study the coronal magnetic field structure inside an active region and its temporal evolution. We compare the magnetic field configuration obtained from NLFF extrapolation before and after the flaring event in active region (AR) 11117 and its surroundings observed on 27 October 2010, and we also compare the magnetic field topologies and the magnetic energy densities and study the connectivities between AR 11117 and its surroundings. During the investigated time period, we estimate the change in free magnetic energy from before to after the flare to be 1.74×10³²?erg, which represents about 13.5?% of the NLFF magnetic energy before the flare. In this study, we find that electric currents from AR 11117 to its surroundings were disrupted after the flare.     

Relationship between magnetic field evolution and flaring sites in AR 6659 in June 1991

During the international campaign of June 1991, the active region AR 6659 produced six very large, long-duration flares (X10/12) during its passage across the solar disk. We present the characteristics of four of them (June 4, 6, 9, 15). Precise measurements of the spot motions from Debrecen and Tokyo white-light pictures are used to understand the fragmentation of the main sunspot group with time. This fragmentation leads to a continuous restructuring of the magnetic field pattern while rapid changes are evidenced due to fast new flux emergence (magnetograms of MFSC, Huairou). The first process leads to a shearing of the field lines along which there is energy storage; the second one is the trigger which causes the release of energy by creating a complex topology. We conjecture that these two processes with different time scales are relevant to the production of flares.     

Probing the Role of Magnetic-Field Variations in NOAA AR 8038 in Producing a Solar Flare and CME on 12 May 1997

We carried out a multi-wavelength study of a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) and an associated flare, occurring on 12 May 1997. We present a detailed investigation of magnetic-field variations in NOAA Active Region 8038 which was observed on the Sun during 7??C?16 May 1997. This region was quiet and decaying and produced only a very small flare activity during its disk passage. However, on 12 May 1997 it produced a CME and associated medium-size 1B/C1.3 flare. Detailed analyses of H?? filtergrams and SOHO/MDI magnetograms revealed continual but discrete surge activity, and emergence and cancellation of flux in this active region. The movie of these magnetograms revealed the two important results that the major opposite polarities of pre-existing region as well as in the emerging-flux region were approaching towards each other and moving magnetic features (MMF) were ejected from the major north polarity at a quasi-periodicity of about ten hours during 10??C?13 May 1997. These activities were probably caused by magnetic reconnection in the lower atmosphere driven by photospheric convergence motions, which were evident in magnetograms. The quantitative measurements of magnetic-field variations such as magnetic flux, gradient, and sunspot rotation revealed that in this active region, free energy was slowly being stored in the corona. Slow low-layer magnetic reconnection may be responsible for the storage of magnetic free energy in the corona and the formation of a sigmoidal core field or a flux rope leading to the eventual eruption. The occurrence of EUV brightenings in the sigmoidal core field prior to the rise of a flux rope suggests that the eruption was triggered by the inner tether-cutting reconnection, but not the external breakout reconnection. An impulsive acceleration, revealed from fast separation of the H?? ribbons of the first 150 seconds, suggests that the CME accelerated in the inner corona, which is also consistent with the temporal profile of the reconnection electric field. Based on observations and analysis we propose a qualitative model, and we conclude that the mass ejections, filament eruption, CME, and subsequent flare were connected with one another and should be regarded within the framework of a solar eruption.     

Solar proton flare 4B/X17.2 on October 28, 2003. Photometric results

The powerful flare 4B/X17.2 of October 28, 2003 in the NOAA 10486 active region is studied by using H_α filtergrams. This active region had a complicated βγδ magnetic configuration and a sigmoidal pattern of the polarity inversion line, it had the largest AR area in the cycle 23. Local filaments, loops, and systems of loops were also observed in the AR. The light curves obtained for all flare knots clearly reveal two stages in their evolution. The first stage is the pre-flare one, when the accumulation of the nonpotential magnetic energy (the energy of electric currents) comes to an end and the situation becomes favorable for the realization of the second period. The intensity of flare knots (except one knot) changed slightly and slowly, and some structure features (twists and connections) became more active. By the end of the first stage a new magnetic flux emerged and a system of interrelated filaments and loops (IFL) was formed at the center of the AR as well as at its periphery. New flare knots appeared about the main S-like filament. The second flare stage began at about 11:02 UT with a dramatic increase of the intensity and area of all flare knots and the formation of new knots. In a space of 8 min the major part of the AR around the main filament was covered with flare emission which fluctuated at its maximum period. The intensity of all knots was observed to drop slowly after the maximum, at the decay phase. As the IFL system extended over the entire AR, the magnetic field energy accumulated in it was released in the form of powerful electromagnetic and corpuscular emission by way of magnetic reconnection.     

High energetic solar proton flares on the declining phase of solar cycle 22

The year 1991 is a part of the declining phase of the solar cycle 22, during which high energetic flares have been produced by active regions NOAA/USAF 6659 in June. The associated solar proton events have affected the Earth environment and their proton fluxes have been measured by GOES space craft. The evaluation of solar activity during the first half of June 1991, have been carried out by applying a method for high energetic solar flares prediction on the flares of June 1991. The method depends on cumulative summation curves according to observed H-alpha flares, X-ray bursts, in the active region 6659 during one rotation when the energetic solar flares of June 1991 have occurred. It has been found that the steep trend of increased activity sets on several tens of hours prior to the occurrence of the energetic flare, which can be used, together with other methods, for forecasts of major flares. All the used data at the present work are received from NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA.     

Interpretation of multiwavelength observations of November 5, 1980 solar flares by the magnetic topology of AR 2766

We present a detailed analysis of the magnetic topology of AR 2776 together with Hα UV, X-rays, and radio observations of the November 5, 1980 flares in order to understand the role of the active region large-scale topology on the flare process. As at present the coronal magnetic field is modeled by an ensemble of sub-photospheric sources whose positions and intensities are deduced from a least-square fit between the computed and observed longitudinal magnetic fields. Charges and dipole representations are shown to lead to similar modeling of the magnetic topology provided that the number of sources is great enough. However, for AR 2776, departure from a potential field has to be taken into account, therefore a linear force-free field extrapolation is used. The locations of the four bright off-band Hα kernels in quadrupolar active regions have been studied previously. In this new study the active region is bipolar and shows a two-ribbon structure. We show that these two ribbons are a consequence of the bipolar photospheric field (the four kernels of quadrupolar regions merge into two bipolar regions). The two ribbons are found to be located at the intersection of the separatrices with the chromosphere when the shear, deduced from the fibril direction, is taken into account. This study supports the hypothesis that magnetic energy is stored in field-aligned currents and released by magnetic reconnection at the location of the separator, before being transported along field lines to the chromospheric level. It is also possible that part of the magnetic energy could be stored and released on the separatrices. Our study shows that meeting just one of two conditions- the presence of intense coronal currents or of a separator in a magnetic field configuration - is not sufficient for flaring. In order to release the stored energy, the coronal currents need either to be formed along the separatrices or to be transported towards the separator or separatrices. The location of the observed photospheric current concentrations on the computed separatrices supports this view. Member of the Carrera del Investigador Científico, CONICET.     

Multiwavelength Study of a Solar Eruption from AR NOAA 11112 I. Flux Emergence, Sunspot Rotation and Triggering of a Solar Flare

We analyze the multiwavelength observations of an M2.9/1N flare that occurred in the active region (AR) NOAA 11112 in the vicinity of a huge filament system on 16 October 2010. SDO/HMI magnetograms reveal the emergence of a bipole (within the existing AR) 50 hours prior to the flare event. During the emergence, both the positive and negative sunspots in the bipole show translational as well as rotational motion. The positive-polarity sunspot shows significant motion/rotation in the south-westward/clockwise direction, and we see continuously pushing/sliding of the surrounding opposite-polarity field region. On the other hand, the negative-polarity sunspot moves/rotates in the westward/anticlockwise direction. The positive-polarity sunspot rotates ≈?70^° within 30 hours, whereas the one with negative polarity rotates ≈?20^° within 10 hours. SDO/AIA 94 Å EUV images show the emergence of a flux tube in the corona, consistent with the emergence of the bipole in HMI. The footpoints of the flux tube were anchored in the emerging bipole. The initial brightening starts at one of the footpoints (western) of the emerging loop system, where the positive-polarity sunspot pushes/slides towards a nearby negative-polarity field region. A high speed plasmoid ejection (speed ≈?1197 km?s^?1) was observed during the impulsive phase of the flare, which suggests magnetic reconnection of the emerging positive-polarity sunspot with the surrounding opposite-polarity field region. The entire AR shows positive-helicity injection before the flare event. Moreover, the newly emerging bipole reveals the signature of a negative (left-handed) helicity. These observations provide unique evidence of the emergence of twisted flux tubes from below the photosphere to coronal heights, triggering a flare mainly due to the interaction between the emerging positive-polarity sunspot and a nearby negative-polarity sunspot by the shearing motion of the emerging positive sunspot towards the negative one. Our observations also strongly support the idea that the rotation can most likely be attributed to the emergence of twisted magnetic fields, as proposed by recent models.