海南省党政气象信息服务系统的设计与实现

介绍《海南省党政气象信息服务系统》的设计思想、系统的运行环境、主要功能和特点以及实现相关功能所需的设计技术与实现方法。     

省级气象部门公文和Notes邮件在OA中的传输与实现

介绍了海南省气象局办公自动化系统的系统架构、运行环境及主要功能,并概述了系统所包含的公文系统、收文系统和文档管理系统,运用不同的公文模版实现了文、函等类型公文的拟稿、核稿、签发、审核、审批、盖章、文印、封发的流程管理、公文流转等多项功能,以及通过OA系统访问Notes邮件和个人E-mail邮件的功能,分析了实现相关功能所需的设计技术和实现方法,即运用工作流技术、职务岗位建模、权限控制、用户群组设计、公文痕迹保留等技术实现省级气象部门公文和Notes邮件在OA中的传输。     

海南省气象局文档一体化管理系统的设计与实现

介绍了海南省气象局文档一体化管理系统的运行环境,分析了实现相关功能所需的设计技术和实现方法,列举了系统的主要功能特点及系统效益。     

黑龙江省主要农作物生育指标管理系统

该系统是针对黑龙江省气象局的业务需要而设计的。系统以ＵｃｄｏｓＦｏｘｂａｓｅ＋２１为基础环境来设计和开发。整个系统由４个原始数据库和库管理、服务两大程序模块及添加、删除、修改、查询、统计等数个功能小模块组成。对该系统的设计目的、设计结构、模块框图及实现的功能、效果等进行了阐述     

新舟60高性能增雨飞机机载任务系统集成设计

西北区域人工影响天气能力建设项目设计建设的新舟60增雨飞机是集催化作业、云宏微观探测以及实时通信与综合集成显示功能于一体的国家高性能人工增雨飞机。该飞机系统建设中充分汲取了前期东北区域国家增雨飞机研制成果与经验,并在系统供电管理、催化作业能力、探测系统集成、卫星通信功能、设备系统和操作台布局等方面进行了针对性设计改进,通过便捷操作实现对任务系统供电与各分系统的集中控制、综合显示、数据存储共享,并且机载探测、催化、通信各分系统均采用双重或多重备份设计,既保证了机载任务系统先进性设计,同时保证任务系统运行稳定可靠和各项功能的完整实现。     

海南省气象局文档一体化管理系统的设计与实现

介绍了海南省气象局文档一体化管理系统的运行环境,分析了实现相关功能所需的设计技术和实现方法,列举了系统的主要功能特点及系统效益。     

三峡自动气象站实时资料数据库及其应用

为实现自动气象站的组网和基于WebGIS技术的实时资料查询,设计建立了相应的数据库和监测入库系统,介绍了该系统的设计原理、主要功能和关键技术.     

陕西省多媒体触摸屏气象服务系统的设计与实现

介绍多媒体触摸屏气象服务系统的设计原则、软硬件开发环境,阐述了系统建设的整体框架及实现的主要功能。     

单站降水资料信息查询系统设计与实现

提供降水资料信息咨询是气象部门的日常工作内容之一.本文主要介绍了单站降水资料计算机查询系统的设计和实现,重点介绍了降水资料数据库的设计和查询系统的功能实现.通过这个系统,可以方便、快捷地了解该地区的每一年每一月甚至每一天的降水情况.     

区域气象服务产品共享平台的设计与实现

基于Java EE系统架构、应用RIA技术,设计并实现了区域气象服务产品的共享平台,并对产品文件上传、查询、下载等核心功能的实现加以说明.     

Identification and removal of non-meteorological echoes in dual-polarization radar data based on a fuzzy logic algorithm

A major issue in radar quantitative precipitation estimation is the contamination of radar echoes by non-meteorological targets such as ground clutter, chaff, clear air echoes etc. In this study, a fuzzy logic algorithm for the identification of non-meteorological echoes is developed using optimized membership functions and weights for the dual-polarization radar located at Mount Sobaek. For selected precipitation and non-meteorological events, the characteristics of the precipitation and non-meteorological echo are derived by the probability density functions of five fuzzy parameters as functions of reflectivity values. The membership functions and weights are then determined by these density functions. Finally, the non-meteorological echoes are identified by combining the membership functions and weights. The performance is qualitatively evaluated by long-term rain accumulation. The detection accuracy of the fuzzy logic algorithm is calculated using the probability of detection (POD), false alarm rate (FAR), and clutter-signal ratio (CSR). In addition, the issues in using filtered dual-polarization data are alleviated.     

A Note on the Flux-Variance Similarity Relationships for Heat and Water Vapour in the Unstable Atmospheric Surface Layer

Atmospheric surface layer (ASL) experiments over the past 10 years demonstrate that the flux-variance similarity functions for water vapour are consistently larger in magnitude than their temperature counterpart. In addition, latent heat flux calculations using the flux-variance method do not compare as favorably to eddy- correlation measurements when compared to their sensible heat counterpart. These two findings, in concert with measured heat to water vapour transport efficiencies in excess of unity, are commonly used as evidence of dissimilarity between heat and water vapour transport in the unstable atmospheric surface layer. In this note, it is demonstrated that even if near equality in flux-profile similarity functions for heat and water vapour is satisfied, the flux-variance similarity functions for water vapour are larger in magnitude than temperature for a planar, homogeneous, unstably-stratified turbulent boundary-layer flow.     

Stability functions based upon shear functions

The stability functions for momentum and heat under a Richardson number formulation are derived from the nondimensional shear functions under a Monin-Obukhov formulation. The Prandtl number is also derived as a function of the Richardson number. Previously, this has been done only in a limited sense. Because the Richardson number formulation is expressed in closed form, iterative techniques are no longer needed in numerical models that use Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. This time-saving approach is made possible by deriving expressions for the friction velocity and temperature in terms of the Richardson-number-dependent stability functions. In addition, the Richardson number approximation in the lowest layer is made to depend explicitly upon the surface roughness.     

台风及海洋气象一体化预报平台的开发与应用

台风及海洋气象一体化预报平台为面向台风和海洋气象业务的预报预警服务的支撑系统,集数据采集、转换、预报、分析、产品制作、发布等功能于一体。该平台基于人机交互气象信息处理和天气预报制作系统MICAPS4（Meteorological Information Comprehensive Analysis and Processing System Version 4）框架开发,结合台风、海洋气象新型的观测和预报数据,实现台风、海洋气象数据的集约化检索与显示、精细化格点编辑、台风和海洋气象产品制作、产品发布等功能。台风及海洋气象一体化预报平台设计基于面向服务和分层体系结构,采用组件化设计方法,涵盖数据解析、分析处理、产品制作、交互工具、配置管理等核心组件,形成可扩展的业务功能模块和二次开发接口,目前已作为中央气象台台风海洋气象预报预警业务的主要平台投入使用。     

An investigation of flux-variance methods and universal functions applied to three land-use types in unstable conditions

Fluxes calculated from three flux-variance methods, which depend upon three different forms of the normalized standard deviation functions (referred to as universal functions) of the surface atmospheric stability have been tested and compared with measurements for temperature and water vapour. The flux measurements were made over a fully leafed deciduous forest, a leafless deciduous forest and over a wetland region during the summer. The first method (referred to as the variance method) allows for certain constants, which are associated with the universal functions, to vary with land-use type and the scalar for which the flux is computed; the second method uses the form of the universal function developed by Tillman, which depends upon two constants; and the third method, known as the Wyngaard method, is the simplest and depends upon one constant only. Flux estimates from the variance method yield the best agreement with observations over the three hand-use types and the Wyngaard method appears to yield estimates that are quite comparable. The measurements for the univeral functions agree better with the Wyngaard function for temperature and better with the Tillman function for water vapour, although both show some scatter. The simplest formula developed by Wyngaard may be considered adequate for computing fluxes of temperature and water vapour from their variances. The main advantage of the formulae is to help define an upper limit for actual fluxes.     

Statistical description of anisotropic and inhomogeneous turbulence

Statistical functions such as correlation functions and spectra yield length scales, each of which describes a certain aspect of the large-scale structure of turbulence. In this study not only statistics of wind fluctuations measured at the same place have been analysed but also statistics of fluctuations at different heights. Thus a spatial picture of the energy-containing and the momentum-transporting eddies has been obtained and some features of the momentum transport are described.     

权重平衡有向网络下分布式约束优化的连续时间算法设计

本文研究权重平衡有向网络下分布式约束优化问题的求解,其中网络的全局目标函数是由每个智能体的局部目标函数的和构成,全局的约束是由每个智能体的局部约束的交构成.为了分布式求解该问题的最优解,首先引入智能体的局部共轭函数将其转换为Fenchel对偶问题.其次,从Fenchel对偶问题出发,提出一类基于奇异摄动系统的分布式连续时间算法.在局部目标函数和其梯度分别满足强凸和Lipschitz（李普希兹）连续的情况下,结合凸分析方法和Lyapunov（李雅普诺夫）稳定性理论,结果表明所提算法能够获得原问题和对偶问题的最优值.最后,数值仿真进一步验证了所提算法的有效性.     

Climatic influence on residue decomposition prediction in the Wind Erosion Prediction System

Summary The effectiveness of crop residues to protect the soil surface and reduce soil erosion decreases as residues decompose. The rate of residue decomposition is directly related to the temperature and moisture regimes of the residues. Predicting changes in residue mass, orientation, and soil cover requires the use of functions that relate changes in decomposition rates to changes in the temperature and water regimes. Temperature and water functions used in the residue decomposition submodel of the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) were evaluated for their effects on predictions of residue decomposition. A precipitation function (PC) was found to produce relatively more accurate estimates of decomposition than a near surface soil water content function (SWC) for describing water regime effects. The estimated accuracies of the two functions were similar when bias in the estimation was considered. Predictions made with PC had estimated accuracies of ± 11.4, 14.5, 13.5% for alfalfa, sorghum and wheat, respectively, while those made with SWC had estimated accuracies of ± 13.8, 16.2, and 16.9%, respectively. Three temperature functions were compared for use in predicting residue decomposition over a range of locations and crops. There was little difference between the temperature functions over all the locations but, for several locations, one function overpredicted decomposition more often than the other two functions. Accuracies ranged from ±4 to ±51% of the observed values. The highest values were obtained at one location, and all three temperature functions produced similar high values. Over most of the data, estimated accuracies were generally between ± 15 and ± 25%. The prediction intervals were similar to those observed for decomposition of surface-placed residues. This evaluation indicates that the temperature and water functions used in the WEPS decomposition submodel will give reasonable estimates of mass loss from surface residues using easy-to-obtain weather data.With 8 Figures     

向量场的经验正交展开及其应用

本文提出了一种向量场经验正交展开的方法。我们对N×T个离散点上的向量所构成的一个N×T维矩阵,设法寻找一组称为经验正交函数的向量,使其中每一个分量都在均方意义下最接近矩阵的每一列。这组向量可以从特征方程确定。对于有N列元素的矩阵(注意每一个元素都是一个向量),有不少于N个经验正交函数分量。用这些分量所作向量场的正交展开级数收敛很快。给出的展开实际例子说明:向量场经验正交展开,可以比一般标量场经验正交展开,取得更好的效果。