The characteristics and vertical zone spectrum of natural disasters in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang

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Dynamics of soil fauna in Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China

The dynamics of soil animals was studied in seven representative forest communities in the north of the Da Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China. The results indicate that it was distinctive in the changes of the numbers of soil animals and groups and diversity in relationship with seasons for macrofauna and torso-micro fauna in the study area. The numbers of the observed soil animals in different months were: October>August>June. Group number was larger in August and October, but smaller in June. The change of diversity index in different months was: August>June>October. The biomass for macrofanna in different months was: October>June>August. The composition and number of each functional group was relatively stable. In the community of the predominant soil environment, the percentage of saprophagous animals was higher than carnivorous animals and herbivorous animals. The dynamics changes of saprophagous and carnivorous animals were distinctive, increasing from June to October, while the change of herbivorous animals was unremarkable.     

Nature Conservation versus Scenic Quality：A GIS Approach towards Optimized Tourist Tracks in a Protected Area of Northwest Yunnan,China

Development of appropriate tourism infrastructure is important for protected areas that allow public access for tourism use.This is meant to avoid or minimize unfavourable impacts on natural resources through guiding tourists for proper use.In this paper,a GIS-based method,the least-cost path（LCP） modelling,is explored for planning tourist tracks in a World Heritage site in Northwest Yunnan（China）,where tourism is increasing rapidly while appropriate infrastructure is almost absent.The modelling process contains three steps：1） selection of evaluation criteria（physical,biological and landscape scenic） that are relevant to track decision; 2） translation of evluation criteria into spatially explicit cost surfaces with GIS,and 3） use of Dijkstra＇s algorithm to determine the least-cost tracks.Four tracks that link main entrances and scenic spots of the study area are proposed after optimizing all evaluation criteria.These tracks feature lowenvironmental impacts and high landscape qualities,which represent a reasonable solution to balance tourist use and nature conservation in the study area.In addtion,the study proves that the LCP modelling can not only offer a structured framwork for track planning but also allow for different stakeholders to participate in the planning process.It therefore enhances the effectivenss of tourism planning and managemnt in protected areas.     

Dark touristic perception: Motivation,experience and benefits interpreted from the visit to seismic memorial sites in Sichuan province

This study investigates the motivations of Chinese domestic tourists visiting seismic memorial sites after the great Wenchuan earthquake of 2008, and examines their interpretation of experiences and benefits of the visits. Recent research on dark tourism has raised the possibility that people are attracted to death and memorial sites in ways different from other tourist attractions. The study used an empirical research design employing questionnaires to collect data from 255 Chinese domestic visitors at seismic memorial sites in west Sichuan. Analysis revealed that the obligation of commemoration mixed with curiosity represents a different set of travel motivation in dark tourism settings than in other kinds of tourism. In addition, the empirical evidence also suggests an interrelated pattern between motivations, experiences and benefits. This study implies that Chinese domestic tourists were attracted in ways different from other tourist attractions both because they tended to fulfill their obligation of commemoration and were interested in destruction; and visitor experiences played an important mediating role between travel motivations and benefits gained.     

AN ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RIVERS IN THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF THE KUNLUN MOUNTAINS

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RS AND GIS-BASED FOREST FIRE RISK ZONE MAPPING IN DA HINGGAN MOUNTAINS

1INTRODUCTIONForests are one of the major natural resources that per-form important environmental and recreational func-tions (COSTANZA and GROOT, 1997). It is well known that forests can absorb atmospheric carbon, maintain a certain degree of humidity in atmosphere, regulate rainfall, moderate temperature, and restrain soil erosion, etc. (AURELIA, 2003). So, the health of a forest in any given area is a very important indicator of the ecological conditions. But fire is the great…     

Simulating the Saturation Threshold of a Water Environment＇s Response to Tourist Activities：A Case Study in the Liupan Mountain Eco-tourism Area

The effect of tourism on water environments has received a high degree of interest in the study of eco-tourism.Based on the analysis of the relationship between tourist activities and the water environment in the Liupan Mountain eco-tourism zone,the case study area,a Water Environment of Tourism Area Model（WETAM） is built to simulate the temporal and spatial changes in water quality and the response saturation thresholds under four sewage treatment scenarios.The results imply the following：（1） WETAM performs well in modeling a water environment to represent the dynamic process of water quality change in response to tourist activities.（2） Under four sewage treatment scenarios（fundamental,low,medium,and high）,the threshold shows an obvious uptrend.（3） The response threshold of water quality with respect to the interference of tourist activities fluctuates seasonally due to changes in tourist density.（4） The thresholds differ significantly among five tourism functional areas.According to the response saturation threshold of the water environment,effective control based on the scale and intensity of tourist activities is important for a successful transformation of this tourism destination＇s development strategies.Therefore,the integrated management of water pollution in tourism areas plays a crucial role in sustainable tourism development.     

沂蒙山区中北部侵入岩蓄水构造的富水特征及供水意义

通过对沂水县侵入岩贫水地区开展水文地质调查,综合运用物探、水文地质钻探、抽水试验等工作手段,分析侵入岩分布区地下水赋存规律,确定了侵入岩分布区主要蓄水构造类型包括断裂型、韧性剪切带型、侵入体接触带型等.断裂型蓄水构造一般呈线状发育,富水性受断层的力学性质、发育规模及汇水条件等因素控制,单井涌水量差异较大;韧性剪切带型蓄...     

济南高新区孙村矿山采空区现状及整治措施

济南高新区孙村片区是济南市信息通信产业和先进制造业的聚集区,其土地利用是新区规划和建设中的重要课题,该文着重讨论了该区历史原因形成的矿山采空区的现状,以及存在的问题,为避免采空区地质灾害的发生和造成土地资源的浪费,提出了切实可行的治理意见。     

苏鲁皖地区现今地壳垂直运动及郯庐断裂带的活动特征

根据苏鲁皖地区１９５３～１９９５年多期精密复测水准资料，以及地质地貌构造背景，研究了苏鲁皖地区的地壳垂直运动及郯庐断裂中南段现今的活动特征，获得如下结论：（１）横穿本区的郯庐断裂带的活动直接控制着本区的构造活动；（２）郯庐断裂的活动特征为张压交替；（３）约自１９５３年开始，苏鲁皖地区地壳运动的演化顺序为张→压→张→压；新的“压”性运动约始于１９９３年，目前正在加强；（４）郯庐断裂带近期运动性质为左旋走滑；（５）张、压运动并不处于同一方向上（彼此相差约４５°）。     

MIGRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROELEMENTS IN PROCESS OF LANDSCAPE GEOCHEMISTRY IN MT.NAMJAGBARWA AREA

To provide scientific basis for appraising natural resources in Mt. Namjagbarwa area, the migration characteristics of geochemical microelements, such as Zn, V, Ti, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Co, Be and Ba, in the landscape zones of alpine scrub and meadow, the mountainous dark coniferous forest, the mountainous mixed broadleaf and coniferous forest, the mountainous quasi-subtropical semi-evergreen broadleaf forest, the mountainous subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest, and the valley quasi-tropical monsoon rainforest have been described in the paper.     

跨国界地区地理系统景观功能分区——生态可持续的自然管理

在跨国边境地区的诊断分析中采用的对于环境问题进行分析的方法性的理论原则,在许多方面决定了战略行动计划实现的效率。但是我们认为这种跨国边境地区的诊断分析方法应该包括环境和地理制图,以及在陆地景观组织分析的基础上进行的功能性分区。边境地区可持续性自然管理的理论原则是用边界来保护自然资源的潜力或者甚至使之增长。因此景观功能分区会要求对边境区域内各种优先的、许可的和禁止的经济利用的分析。保护性政治制度的确立、把资源管理与维护生态平衡的措施结合和阻止自然与人类的负反馈这3项景观优化原则具体的实现就是跨国边境地区景观功能分区地图,这就是我们认为的边境地区诊断分析的主要目标。在分析陆地景观组织的基础上,本文主要介绍边界地区景观功能分区诊断分析的方法(用于景观规划)。该方法在在中俄边境的Pogranichny-taipailing自然地理区域,利用Landsat-TM图像进行试验和验证。本文的研究表明对边境地区景观结构特征进行诊断分析是必要的,分析包括它的现代经济利用方式、经济活动对景观的干扰、地理景观系统对人类活动压力的敏感性。研究结果通过绘制研究区景观分区地图得以体现,地图科学地证明了举措对于减轻包括边界地区在内的区域环境问题具有一定的价值。这样的方法提供了在保证国家环境安全的原则下,对边境地区自然环境可持续性的管理。     

Recent behavior and possible future evolution of the glacieret in the cirque Golemiya Kazan in the Pirin Mountains under conditions of climate warming

This research reveals relationships between climate variables and inter-annual dynamics in the area of the glacieret located in the cirque Golemiya Kazan in the Pirin Mountains. The study period is 1993–2017. The correlations are identified using statistical methods. Also, a statistical model is constructed, including some climate variables as predictors. Despite the evident decrease of the glacieret's size in the period from the 1950 s onwards, the long-term trends for the last decades have been insignificant. The main climatic factors influencing the inter-annual dynamics in the area of the glacieret are air temperature, precipitation, zonal and meridional winds and relative humidity. With respect to the dynamics in the area of the glacieret, the important trends in the different climate variables are those of the warm period air temperatures and zonal(u) wind. They also determine to a great extent its future development by acting in two opposite directions – rising temperatures in the warm period will lead to a rapid decrease of its area by the end of the melting season, while the change of wind directionfrom west to east in the warm period will increase its area. The influence of the zonal wind in the warm period is explained mainly by the location of the glacieret in the cirque. Generally, the glacieret is tilted downwards from west to east. Thus, westerly winds facilitate blowing away the snow from the surface of the glacieret, assisting its melting in the warm period. Easterly winds do not have such an effect. The combination of the opposite effects of these two most important climate variables leads to the most likely scenario for the future development of the glacieret, according to which by the middle of this century it is expected to turn into a semi-permanent snow patch, which disappears after some summers, and by the end of the century to completely melt every year before the end of the melting season.     

北斗广域差分分区综合改正数评估

介绍北斗广域差分服务新增的分区综合改正数的原理及使用方法,并采用共天线方式进行连续7 d的实际测试。结果显示,未升级过的单频终端伪距定位精度水平方向为2 m,高程方向为3 m,单频分区定位精度水平方向为0.55 m,高程方向为0.80 m;B1B2双频动态分区定位精度水平方向为0.30 m,高程方向为0.55 m。对观测数据进行事后解算,结果显示,在改正信息连续、稳定的情况下,双频动态定位精度水平方向为0.35 m,高程方向为0.50 m;静态模式定位精度水平方向为0.12 m,高程方向为0.22 m。不同分区改正信息取得的静态定位收敛结果之间存在微弱差异,但对定位结果的RMS影响不大。     

南秦岭龙王洞地区中生代云峰寨单元花岗岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

该文对南秦岭龙王洞地区中生代云峰寨单元花岗岩的主量元素特征、微量元素特征及稀土元素特征进行分析研究,对该岩体进行较为全面的地球化学特征总结.研究表明:云峰寨单元花岗岩属于碱性过铝质A型花岗岩,形成于高温、贫水、高压的相对还原环境.花岗岩成因以地壳作用为主,花岗岩中稀土元素总体富集且分馏程度较高,轻稀土元素较重稀土元素富...     

GPS约束下唐山地区断裂带现今运动速度特征非连续接触模拟

以1999～2007年GPS观测结果为基础,使用二维接触有限元方法计算唐山地区主要断裂带的运动速度状态。模拟结果表明,现今地壳形变运动状态下唐山地区主要断裂带运动状态具有差异性。由于山海关块隆对唐山块陷的推挤作用,唐山断裂带以右旋拉张运动为主,同时在蓟运河断裂带位置处保持着快速的挤压应力积累,具有较高的地震危险性。     

THE POSSIBILITIES AND REALITIES ON THE REMANAGEMENT OF DESERTIFIED LANDS IN THE TRANSITIONAL ZONE BETWEEN THE DRY-FARMING AREA AND THE GRAZING AREA IN NORTH CHINA

The desertification process is rapidly developing at present and 61.5% of the land area in the zone are already desertified.Among the desertified lands, 26.9% are seriously desertified, 25% most seriously desertified and 47.4% are the lands where desertification is under way. They are caused by over-reclamation for farming, over-grazing, unreasonable collection of firewood,the destruction of vegetation and the misuse of water resources. Under the ecological environment in semi-arid zone,the degraded environment process possesses the ability of restoring to its original status as soon as the interruption of excessive human activities are eliminated. The fencing- and-self-cultivating method is an effective measure adopted universally in semi-arid zone to cure the desertified lands.The desertified lands can be readjusted and controlled easily if other controlling measures are supplemented. The fundamental ways to control desertification are to utilize rationally the resources, to readjust the existing land     

Deep-seated structure and gold content of Russia and China contiguous territories

On the contiguous territories of southeastern Russia and northeastern China, many gold-bearing areas are conjugate in space with the gradient zones of the gravity field. Large gold-ore districts, defining in many respects the metallogenic signature of the region, are located on the joints of differently oriented gradient zones. In the best-studied districts, the Precambrian protrusions, staged distribution of magmatic chambers ( by vertical) above the Mohorovicic discontinuity and restriction to the peripheral parts of intrusive massifs have been recognized. Different-type gold deposits in the studied ore-placer districts and nodes are often located on the areas of joint of the granitoid massifs and subvolcanic bodieswith depressions. Availability of areals of metasomatic alterations of rocks, placers, and ore occurrences of precious metals on such but poorly studied areas can serve as the basis for the revision and detailed forecasting-prospecting works to develop the mineral-raw material base of the region for precious metals.