应用电测井曲线研究岩矿石渗透性

详述了合理利用综合测井中的自然电位、视电阻率曲线定量解释确定含矿含水层渗透性和非渗透性岩矿石。为快速评价铀矿床提供可靠的依据，对于砂岩型铀矿的预测和勘探具有重要的意义。     

浅议测井曲线在松树头煤矿含水层解释中的应用

以松树头煤矿水文地质勘查为例,介绍了测井曲线在含水层解释中的应用。实例表明,自然伽马、自然电位和视电阻率三种曲线对含水层具有明显的异常反应,在含水层中,前二种曲线表现为负异常,后者表现为正异常;对于隔水层,前二种曲线则表现为正异常,而视电阻率表现为负异常。根据测井解释成果与钻孔消耗量、岩心及抽水试验资料相互印证,解释松树头煤矿ZK5-2钻孔368.30～406.42m段,从上到下依次为含水层、隔水层、含水层、隔水层四段。另外,从实例应用的三种曲线可知,视电阻率曲线对于岩石粒度及含水层具有明显的响应特征,极差高达117Ω.m。     

基于小波Mallat算法的自然电位曲线基线漂移校正方法研究

在石油、煤田及金属矿勘探中,自然电位测井能够用于渗透性地层划分、地层水电阻率确定、地层对比和沉积相分析等。由于受钻孔内环境、地面电极环材质和探管结构等多种因素的影响,自然电位曲线存在基线漂移、分辨率低、干扰大等问题,尤其是自然电位曲线的基线漂移,影响了测井曲线的质量,降低了测井曲线的解释精度。因此,文章提出了一种基于小波分解与重构算法的自然电位曲线基线漂移校正的方法,对地浸砂岩铀矿成矿预测和环境分析具有重要的指导意义。     

自然电位测井曲线及其与砂岩中泥质含量关系的探讨

从分析钻孔中自然电场的形成机理出发，详细论述了自然电位测井曲线的特征、形态及其与砂岩中泥质含量的关系。在此基础上，探讨了利用自然电位测井曲线计算砂岩中的泥质含量，并用实例进行了论述。为进而研究其孔隙度、渗透性等水地质特征打下了基础。     

土壤-含水层侧渗系统在净化河水中的应用——以郑州市索须河工程为例

由于降水较少以及地下水超采,北方地区大部分河流基流匮乏,河水主要来自未经深度处理的城市生活污水和工业废水,河水水质难以达标.在这些地区,利用河流漫滩土壤和含水层的天然净化能力,建立近自然土壤-含水层侧渗系统是净化河水的有效途径之一.在介绍侧渗系统净化机理及适用条件的基础上,通过室内试验和野外示范工程研究索须河土壤-含水层对河水中氨氮的去除效果.室内试验表明该处土壤及浅部含水层对氨氮的去除主要通过稀释、吸附和微生物等作用;通过对示范工程典型剖面上的监测井观测表明该系统对氨氮的去除效果良好,受降水补给的土壤和含水层使得河水中的氨氮硝化为亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐.硝酸盐在地下水中很难被去除,只有少部分通过反硝化作用转化成N2.土壤-含水层侧渗系统行之有效,可应用于类似索须河的北方河流.     

物探测井在柬埔寨水井施工中的应用

以《中国援助柬埔寨乡村供水项目》水井施工为例,介绍了综合物探测井在解释含水层的重要性;结果表明,自然伽马测井曲线均为正向偏移形成的异常、自然电位均为负异常,视电阻率的均表现为低阻异常,利用这三种曲线组合能很好的解释含水层。对于隔水层,三种曲线均表现为正异常,而与含水层对比有很好的极差响应。根据测井解释成果与地质水文资料结合分析,主要的含水层为基岩裂隙水为主,其次为第四系与基岩接触带,本文分别解释了具有代表性磅清扬省CACW-61钻孔和磅士卑省CACW-379钻孔,为后续水井成井提供科学依据。     

傍河地下水水源地的若干问题

1傍河地下水水源地的特征在紧靠常年性河流旁侧建立的地下水水源地称为傍河地下水水源地，它具有如下特征；1）供水的水量和水质都可得到保证。地表河水入渗补给量成为开采水量的主要部分。河水对水源地的补给状态可分为稳定补给和周期性补给。前者河水常年不断流，且流量充沛，河床渗透性能好。后者地表河水的补给是周期性或断续性的，枯水期需动用傍河含水层的储存量进行调节。2）傍河的含水层，般由第四系的更新统和全新统地层构成，河流由上游到下游，傍河含水层的颗粒由粗到细。山间河谷和盆地含水层一般为砾卵石、粗砂层，山前冲洪积…     

可地浸层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿自然电位异常计算

理论和实践表明，在可地浸层间氧化带型砂岩型矿床上可观察到明显的自然电位异常。其起因不同于电子导电体形成的氧化还原电场，而在于发生在层间氧化带中一些非平衡现象之间相互影响所产生的混合电位。根据其自然极化原理，建立了等效数学模型，并对几种常见矿体形态的自然电位异常进行了模拟计算，并分析了曲线特征。最后，讨论了自然电位异常地形校正方法，并给出了几种常见地形条件下自然电位模拟曲线。     

井液及井径对煤田测井曲线的影响分析

在进行煤田测井时,由于钻孔井径、丼液性质差别,导致自然电位曲线、三侧向电阻率曲线不能很好地反映地层的变化,本文结合陕北某煤田测井实际,分析了井液、井径对自然电位曲线、三侧向电阻率测井曲线影响的原因。     

黄陇侏罗纪煤田洛河组砂岩富水规律

煤田内影响煤层开采主要含水层为白垩系下统洛河组砂岩含水层,该含水层地下水受地表分水岭的控制作用,地下水最高水位稍向东偏移;区域构造演化形成洛河组底界面从北向南凹陷和隆起依次展布的特征,含水层地下水受隆起地带的阻隔,在凹陷地带形成富集区域,洛河组顶界面由于上覆地层华池组缺失区域,直接接受大气降水和地表水的补给,局部出现富集区;洛河组的沉积相主要为沙漠沉积相的沙丘亚相,平面与垂向上分布稳定,由于岩石孔隙的发育,往往含有大量的水,而且含水层厚度与富水性呈正相关关系。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861