黄河流域（济南段）土壤元素地球化学组合特征研究

为查明黄河流域土壤元素地球化学组合特征及重金属元素异常分布区域,采集该流域济南段表层土壤、不同土壤类型样品,以及重金属异常区域水平剖面-垂向剖面土壤样品,测定N、P、Mn、Mo、Zn、As、Cr、Hg、Pb、Ni和V等29项土壤指标,通过元素聚类分析（皮尔逊相关系数法）、因子分析（Bartlett球度检验,KMO检验验证,最大方差旋转）和重金属元素异常区域立体化分析进行评价。研究表明：受人类活动影响较明显的元素有第一簇群元素（Pb、Zn、Cu、Mo、Cr、V、Co）及Hg元素,第一族群元素在街道中心区域各元素含量普遍较高;As、F等元素受人为影响较小,与河流分布有一定的关系。另外,不同土壤类型中各元素丰缺情况有一定差异性。重金属元素异常区分布相对分散,较为集中的两个异常区域是大桥街道东北部和太平街道与孙耿街道交界处。在调查区东西方向上,各重金属峰值分布有明显差异性,纵向剖面元素分布情况各异。黄河流域（济南段）大部分地区元素含量受背景值控制,小部分区域(面积<0.3%)存在轻度的人为重金属污染,整体土壤环境较好,适合发展农业。     

Comparison of detrital mineral compositions between stream sediments of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) and the Yellow River (Huanghe) and their provenance implication

A comparative comparative study on the detrital mineral composition of stream sediments of the Yangtze River (Changjiang) and Yellow River (Huanghe) shows that, light minerals of the Yangtze River basin were mainly quartz, feldspar, and detritus, the compositional characteristics of light minerals differed among tributaries, the main stream had a generally higher maturity index than tributaries; heavy mineral content tended to decrease progressively from the upper stream to lower stream of the Yangtze River, the primary assemblage was magnetite-hornblende-augite-garnet-epidote, and diagnostic minerals of different river basins were capable of indicating the nature and distribution of the source rock. Detrital mineral assemblages in sediments of tributaries and the main stream of the Yellow River were basically similar, Primary heavy mineral assemblage was opaque mineral-garnet-epidote-carbonate mineral and alteration mineral. Variations in the contents of garnet, opaque mineral, and hornblende mainly reflected the degree of sedimentary differentiation in suspended sediment and the hydrodynamic intensity of a drainage system. The heavy mineral differentiation index F revealed sedimentary differentiation of diagnostic detrital mineral composition due to changes in regional hydrodynamic intensity and can serve as an indicator for studying the dynamic sedimentary environment of a single-provenance river and the degree of sedimentary differentiation of its detrital minerals. Changes in detrital mineral content of the Yellow River was not completely controlled by provenance but reflected gravity sorting of the detrital mineral due to variations in the ephemeral river hydrodynamic intensity and sedimentary environment, however the index changing of Yangtze River were mainly influenced by the complex sediment sources. Therefore caution must be exercised in using the detrital mineral composition of marginal sea to determine the contribution of the Yangtze River and Yellow River.© 2019 China Geology Editorial Office.     

黔中小流域水体悬浮物与沉积物微量元素地球化学特征及物源指示

系统探讨了黔中小流域水体悬浮物和沉积物中微量及稀土元素地球化学特征。结果表明,元素含量在河流与湖泊、悬浮物与沉积物之间均存在明显差异。稀土元素北美页岩标准化分布模式大致为轻稀土相对富集的平坦模式,δEu为0.82～1.25,δCe为0.79～1.25,整体变化不大,均表现为弱异常。麦翁河稀土总量与分布模式均发生异常,主要受上游盘龙煤矿影响。悬浮物的∑REE与pH呈反相关关系,而沉积物的∑REE却与pH表现出正相关关系,表明悬浮物与沉积物中稀土元素行为的控制因素不同。元素相关分析、因子分析及微量元素图解均表明悬浮物与沉积物中的元素具有同源性,主要来源于流域岩石化学风化和土壤物理侵蚀的产物,而某些金属元素Zn、Co、Cu、Cr、Ni则来源于周边工矿企业、农业生产等人为排放。本研究丰富和发展了喀斯特地区水体元素地球化学,揭示了小流域化学风化与物理侵蚀过程中的元素特征和物质输送状况,并为该流域的生态环境现状、治理及管理提供了科学依据和基础资料。     

Delta progradation and chenier formation in the Huanghe (Yellow River) delta,China

To clarify Holocene development of the Huanghe (Yellow River) delta and the relationship between delta progradation and chenier formation, detailed sediment analyses and high-resolution radiocarbon dating were done on borehole samples taken from two sites on the present Huanghe; H9601 (Latitude 37°40.5′N and Longitude 118°28.7′E with an altitude of +5.5 m) and H9602 (Lat. 37°47.8′N and Long. 118°54.3′E, +4.8 m). Downcore changes of sediment facies and accumulation rate show that delta progradation occurred at least twice during ca 2.6–1.2 C-14 yrBP and 1855–present at the two borehole sites. These phases of progradation correlate with Superlobes 6 and 7 and Superlobe 10 respectively, of ten superlobes composing the Holocene Huanghe Delta shown by C. Xue (Historical changes in the Yellow River delta, China, Marine Geology 113, 321–329, 1993). The boundary of these sediments at H9602 is sharp and erosional, and correlates with cheniers located between borehole sites on the delta plain. The diastem period between these phases of progradation almost coincides with the periods when the river mouth of the Huanghe was located in the northwestern part of the Bohai Sea during 1048–1128 AD (Superlobe 8), and the Jiangsu region facing the Yellow Sea during 1128–1855 (Superlobe 9). This suggests that chenier formation and delta progradation are linked, and controlled by sediment supply and river course shifts of the lower reaches of the Huanghe.     

Chemical forms of some heavy metals in Huanghe River sediments (China) and comparison with data from Rhine River sediments (West Germany)

The chemical forms of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb and Cd in the Huanghe River sediments have been studied by sequential extraction techniques and the comparison with data from the Rhine River sediments has been made. In the Huanghe River sediments the average contents of metals, without exception, are below their respective contents in average shales and very close to their levels in Ca-poor granites. The major portion of metals is combined with the detrital and moderately reducible phases. Both in the Huanghe River and in the Rhine River sediments the distribution ratios of metals between the moderately reducible and the easily reducible phases are generally more than unity. However, the distribution ratios of Mn, Zn and Cd are obviously lower than those of Fe, Cr, Cu and Pb. As a result of contamination, the ratios of Fe, Cr, Cu and Pb show an apparent increase, but no remarkable ratio variation is observed for Mn, Zn and Cd. Metals in the Huanghe River sediments, especially Cu and Zn, show a tendency to be associated with the organic phase. The effect of carbonate on metal association preference seems to be less important than that in the Rhine River although there is higher content of carbonate in the Huanghe River sediments. Cd has a greater percentage of the exchangeable phase, which is similar to the result from the Rhine River sediments.     

Geochemical characteristics of trace elements in sediments of Dongting Lake, central China

Although eutrophication and trace element contamination are two key environmental problems in Dongting Lake, a systematic study of the distribution of trace elements in sediments of this lake has not previously been undertaken. In order to identify the current levels of trace metal contamination in Dongting Lake, the concentrations of trace elements （Cd, Cr Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As and Hg） in the sediments at 53 locations were investigated in this study. The lake, the second largest fresh-water lake in China, boasts three China wetlands of international importance. Dongting Lake which lies in the south of the middle Yangtze River is the most important reservoir lake in the Yangtze River drainage area, and is characterized by fast flow-through water, large runoff volume and short period of exchanging water （no more than 20 days）. The granulometric analysis result of sediments shows that a large proportion of the sediments measures at 2-63 μm in size; the result of mineralogical analysis shows that original mineral is the main composition of the sediments, followed by clay mineral and carbonate. The contents of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, arsenic and mercury are higher than the background levels of soil （ Ⅰ Soil） in China, but lower than the threshold values for severely polluted soil （Ⅲ Soil） in China except Cd higher than that in Ⅲ Soil. The concentrations of trace elements analyzed are higher than the Threshold Effect Level of Interim Sediment Quality Guideline by Canada EPA and are lower than the Probable Effect Level. The assessment by geoaccumulation index shows that the contamination of Cd reached strong level in Dongting Lake. Study on speciation of metals by a BCR procedure indicates that the trace elements （Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni） analyzed are mainly distributed in residual phases but Pb in Fe/Mn oxhydroxide phase and Cd in soluble and carbonate-bound fraction. The potential risk was the highest in East Dongting Lake based on the calculated contamination factors which are mostly probably caused by the deposition of the trace element pollutants via the Xiangjiang River and the discharge of the pollution sources in the vicinity of East Dongting Lake.     

Geochemical characteristics of fine and coarse fractions of sediments in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (southern Tibet,China)

Tracing sources of aeolian sediment is key to reconstructing earth surface processes in arid areas and interpreting the paleoenvironmental significance of aeolian sequences. However, the difference of geochemical characteristics between different fractions of sediments in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB) is still unclear, so we want to identify which fraction of sediments is more suitable for tracing sediment sources. Considering the long distance between different wide valleys in the YZRB, we wonder whether there is any difference between these wide valleys in terms of geochemical characteristics of sediments. Forty-three surface sediment samples in the YZRB are collected, and the grain-size distributions and the major-element composition for 37 samples and the trace and rare earth element composition for the coarse (75–500 μm) and fine (<?75 μm) fractions of all samples are determined. The results reveal the following: (1) the fine fractions of the deposits contain more environmental information, suggesting that the fine fractions cannot be directly compared between different climate zones for provenance identification and that appropriate coarse fractions, based on the grain-size distribution of the targeted sediments, are more ideal for tracing sediment sources; and (2) geochemical characteristics of various sediment types show spatial heterogeneity. The coarse and fine fractions of the loose sediment samples can be divided into two regional groups based on geochemical characteristics: the Maquanhe zone in the upper reach, the Xigaze, Shannan and Mainling zone in the middle reach, which is consistent with the geological background of the YZRB; (3) aeolian deposits in the YZRB are a local origin and predominantly derived from the adjacent loose sediments, and fluvial sediments in the upper reach contribute little to the aeolian sands in the middle reach.     

Effects of grain size distribution on mineralogical and chemical compositions: a case study from size‐fractional sediments of the Huanghe (Yellow River) and Changjiang (Yangtze River)

The influence of hydrodynamics on the chemical composition of sediments is based on the uneven distribution of element abundances in different size fractions. In this study, 72 size‐fractional sediments from the Huanghe (Yellow River) and Changjiang (Yangtze River) riverbeds were measured with XRD, SEM, ICP‐AES and ICP‐MS. The analysis results show that the mineral and chemical characteristics change with grain size in the Huanghe and Changjiang sediments. According to the principal components analysis, three independent geochemical factors were found. The first factor elements, Zr, Hf, Th, U, Y, La and TiO₂ are influenced by the existence of heavy minerals. The second factor elements, Al₂O₃, alkalis, alkaline earth (excluding Ca and Sr) and most of the transitional metals are dominated by clay minerals. The third factor group includes Ca and Sr, which were controlled by calcium‐bearing mineral contents and chemical weathering intensities. The various grain size distributions greatly affect the mineralogical and chemical compositions of bulk sediments. Compared to other size fractions, the 5–6PHI size fractions of the Huanghe and Changjiang sediments have special mineralogical and chemical compositions, and intermediate volume percentages. Weight or volume percentage of each size fraction may be more suitable than mean grain‐size of the bulk sediment to elucidate the grain size effects. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values increase steeply with decreasing grain size, while Weathering Index of Parker (WIP) values are relatively stable. Because of the big influence of the abundance of clay minerals on CIA values, it is questionable to use CIA as a proxy of weathering intensity. Considering the clay mineral effects, stability in values and heterogeneous material properties, WIP has the potential to indicate the chemical weathering intensity of sediments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Behavior of Uranium in the Yellow River Plume (Yellow River Estuary)

The Yellow River (Huanghe) is the second largest river in China and is known for its high turbidity. It also has remarkably high levels of dissolved uranium (U) concentrations (up to 38 nmol 1^-1). To examine the mixing behavior of dissolved U between river water and seawater, surface water samples were collected along a salinity gradient from the Yellow River plume during September 2004 and were measured for dissolved U concentration,²³⁴U:²³⁸U activity ratio, phosphate (PO₄ ^3–), and suspended particulate matter. Laboratory experiments were also conducted to simulate the mixing process in the Yellow River plume using unfiltered Yellow River water and filtered seawater. The results showed a nonconservative behavior for dissolved U at salinities < 20 with an addition of U to the plume waters estimated at about 1.4 X 10⁵ mol yr^–1. A similarity between variations in dissolved U and PO₄ ^3– with salinity was also found. There are two major mechanisms, desorption from suspended sediments and diffusion from interstitial waters of bottom sediments, that may cause the elevated concentrations of dissolved U and PO₄ ^3– in mid-salinity waters. Mixing experiments indicate that desorption seems more responsible for the elevated dissolved U concentrations, whereas diffusion influences more the enrichment of PO₄ ^3–.     

Geochemical background and baseline values of toxic elements in stream sediments of Campania region (Italy)

In this paper are discussed the baseline geochemical maps of elements harmful to human health, using concentration values of 2389 stream sediment samples collected over the Campania region (Southern Italy). Each sample was digested in aqua regia and analysed by ICP-MS. For compilation of baseline geochemical maps, a recently developed multifractal inverse distance weighted (lDW) interpolation method and spectral analysis (S-A) was applied, using a new geochemistry dedicated GIS software (GeoDAS). The aim of this study is to discriminate between the geogenic natural content (background) and the anthropogenic contribution in the collected sediments. The definition of background values, in contrast to baseline values, is very important in determining the extent of polluted areas in countries like Italy, where environmental legislation has not yet established intervention limits for stream sediments.     

Geochemistry of arsenic in the Huanghe (Yellow River) and its delta region — A review of available data

Water and suspended sediment samples from the Huanghe and its delta region were analyzed to determine arsenic concentrations. Comparison with the data of previous studies and other world pristine and less disturbed rivers reveals high levels of both dissolved and particulate As in this high turbidity river. Relatively stable distribution along the river course and in delta sediment cores shows that antrhopogenic activities have not altered As concentrations by any significant magnitude since the 1940s. Therefore, high levels of As in the Huanghe should be controlled by natural weathering and lithology. In the estuary, biological removal/regeneration and abiotic events (e.g. remobilization) have been identified to cause the active (non-conservative) As distributions. With the limited data set of the present study, the abiotic and biological contributions cannot be assessed accurately, however.     

湘江下游河床沉积物元素地球化学背景值估算

本研究对湘江下游河床沉积物进行了元素地球化学分析,在认识沉积物元素地球化学特征、甄别人为源与自然源重金属的基础上,估算了沉积物的元素地球化学背景值。结果表明：SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O等主量元素及V、Co、Cr、Ba、Sc、U、Sr、Ga、Ge、Rb、Nb、Y、REE等微量元素在沉积物中含量变化相对稳定（Cv< 0. 2）,分布相对均匀,且富集不明显（EF< 2. 0,Sr明显亏损）。而MnO、MgO、CaO、Na2O、P2O5等主量元素,及Cd、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属在沉积物中含量变化大（Cv> 0. 25）,分布极不均匀,且沉积物中重金属明显富集（EF> 2. 0）。主成分及Pearson线性相关性分析显示,沉积物中不明显富集的微量元素主要赋存于难溶硅酸盐矿物相中,为自然源元素。而沉积物中显著富集的重金属主要赋存于铁—锰氧化物等矿物相中,为有人为源叠加的元素。故针对不同来源特征的元素用不同的方法进行了背景值计算,求得沉积物中47个元素的背景值。再利用元素比值等方法对所得背景值进行检验。结果表明,本文得到的湘江沉积物元素背景值合理,可用作流域沉积物重金属污染评价参考。     

湘江下游河床沉积物元素地球化学背景值估算

本研究对湘江下游河床沉积物进行了元素地球化学分析,在认识沉积物元素地球化学特征、甄别人为源与自然源重金属的基础上,估算了沉积物的元素地球化学背景值。结果表明:SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O等主量元素及V、Co、Cr、Ba、Sc、U、Sr、Ga、Ge、Rb、Nb、Y、REE等微量元素在沉积物中含量变化相对稳定(Cv<0.2),分布相对均匀,且富集不明显(EF<2.0,Sr明显亏损)。而MnO、MgO、CaO、Na2O、P2O5等主量元素,及Cd、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属在沉积物中含量变化大(Cv>0.25),分布极不均匀,且沉积物中重金属明显富集(EF>2.0)。主成分及Pearson线性相关性分析显示,沉积物中不明显富集的微量元素主要赋存于难溶硅酸盐矿物相中,为自然源元素。而沉积物中显著富集的重金属主要赋存于铁—锰氧化物等矿物相中,为有人为源叠加的元素。故针对不同来源特征的元素用不同的方法进行了背景值计算,求得沉积物中47个元素的背景值。再利用元素比值等方法对所得背景值进行检验。结果表明,本文得到的湘江沉积物元素背景值合理,可用作流域沉积物重金属污染评价参考。     

Size distributions of hydrocarbons in suspended particles from the Yellow River

Suspended particle samples from the Yellow River estuary were sorted into five grain size fractions to explore the effect of grain size distribution on organic matter content and composition. The n-alkanes and PAHs were determined for each size fraction. PAHs and n-alkanes were more abundant in the finer fractions and the loading decreases steadily with increasing of grain size. However, the total n-alkanes or PAHs normalized to organic C were lower in the smaller size fractions than those in the larger size fractions, suggesting n-alkanes or PAHs may be diluted by the addition of organic matter or gradually decreased by degradation in the smaller size fractions. The particulate n-alkanes in the Yellow River estuary consist of a mixture of compounds from terrigenous and riverine biogenic n-alkanes and more biogenic n-alkanes accumulate in finer particles. Particulate PAHs are related to combustion/pyrolysis processes of coal/wood, and the relative contribution of petrogenic PAHs increase with increasing grain size. The total particulate n-alkane and PAH discharges passing the Lijin Station are about 3.94 t d⁻¹ and 0.52 t d⁻¹, respectively. Fine particles (<32 μm) play a significant role in organic matter transfer.     

Geochemical characteristics of methane from sediments of the underwater high Posolskaya Bank (Lake Baikal)

The component and carbon isotope compositions were studied in the hydrocabon gases from sediments of the underwater high Posolskaya Bank (Lake Baikal). It was established that sediments of this Baikal area contain methane of microbial (C₁/C₂ >16000; δ¹³C 70 ± 3‰) and thermocatalytic (C₁/C₂ <100; δ¹³C–46 ± 3‰) origin. Some samples represent a gas mixture of thermocatalytic and microbial origin. This gas is characterized by δ¹³C of methane varying from–60 to–70‰ and contains a significant amount of ethane. The main homolog of methane in the thermocatalytic and mixed gas is ethane. Owing to biodegradation, propane and butanes are present in trace amounts.     

Rare earth elements (REE) of dissolved and suspended loads in the Xijiang River, South China

The Xijiang River is the main channel of the Zhujiang (Pearl River), the second largest river in China in terms of water discharge, and flows through one of the largest carbonate provinces in the world. The rare earth element (REE) concentrations of the dissolved load and the suspended particulate matter (SPM) load were measured in the Xijiang River system during the high-flow season. The low dissolved REE concentration in the Xijiang River is attributed to the interaction of high pH and low DOC concentration. The PAAS-normalized REE patterns for the dissolved load show some common features: negative Ce anomaly, progressively heavy REE (HREE) enrichment relative to light REE (LREE). Similar to the world’s major rivers the absolute concentration of the dissolved REE in the Xijiang River are mainly pH controlled. The degree of REE partitioning between the dissolved load and SPM load is also strongly pH dependent. The negative Ce anomaly is progressively developed with increasing pH, being consistent with the oxidation of Ce (III) to Ce (IV) in the alkaline river waters, and the lack of Ce anomalies in several DOC-rich waters is presumably due to both Ce (III) and Ce (IV) being strongly bound by organic matter. The PAAS-normalized REE patterns for the dissolved load and the SPM load in rivers draining the carbonate rock area exhibit middle REE (MREE) enrichment and a distinct maximum at Eu, indicating the preferential dissolution of phosphatic minerals during weathering of host lithologies. Compared to the Xijiang River waters, the MREE enrichment with a maximum at Eu disappeared and light REE were more depleted in the South China Sea (SCS) waters, suggesting that the REE sourced from the Xijiang River must be further fractionated and modified on entering the SCS. The river fluxes of individual dissolved REE introduced by the Xijiang River into the SCS vary from 0.04 to 4.36 × 10⁴ mol a⁻¹.     

Engineering Geological Study of Regional Tectonic Stability in the Area of the Longyang Gorge Power Station on the Huanghe (Yellow) River

In the stability study of the regional structures in the area of the Longyang Gorge Hydroelectrical Power Station, a model of the current stress-deformation field of the area was constructed based on analyses of available data of regional surveys and historical earthquakes and field investigations of active faults and ancient earthquakes. This model was examined and verified by physical and mathematical simulation experiments, and quantitative relations and data were obtained.     

Geochemical study of arsenic and other trace elements in groundwater and sediments of the Old Brahmaputra River Plain,Bangladesh

The geochemical study of groundwaters and core sediments from the Old Brahmaputra plain of Bangladesh was conducted to investigate the distribution of arsenic and related trace elements. Groundwaters from tube wells are characterized by pH of 6.4–7.4, dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.8–1.8 mg/l, Ca contents of 5–50 mg/l, and Fe contents of 0.2–12.9 mg/l. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 8 to 251 μg/l, with an average value of 63 μg/l. A strong positive correlation exists between As and Fe (r ² = 0.802; p = 0.001) concentrations in groundwater. The stratigraphic sequences in the cores consist of yellowish silty clays at top, passing downward into grayish to yellowish clays and sands. The uppermost 3 m and lower parts (from 13 to 31 m) of the core sediments are oxidized (average oxidation reduction potential (ORP) +170 and +220 mV, respectively), and the ORP values gradually become negative from 3 to 13 m depths (−35 to −180 mV), indicating that anoxic conditions prevail in the shallow aquifers of the Brahmaputra plain. Age determinations suggest that clay horizons at ~10 m depth were deposited at around 2,000 and 5,000 years BP (¹⁴C ages) during the transgressive phase of sea-level change. Elevated concentrations of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and V are present in the silts and clays, probably due to adsorption onto clay particles. Significant concentrations of As occur in black peat and peaty sediments at depths between 9 and 13 m. A strong positive correlation between As and Fe was found in the sediments, indicating As may be adsorbed onto Fe oxides in aquifer sediments.     

端砚微量元素地球化学特征研究

端砚是国家地理标志产品,为更好地进行保护,采用ICP-MS详细研究了端砚的微量元素地球化学特征.结果显示,样品稀土元素含量高于全球平均大陆上地壳(UCC)和澳大利亚后太古宙页岩(PAAS)的平均值,稀土元素分布模式显示LREE富集、HREE平坦和中等Eu负异常的典型后太古宙沉积岩特征.样品过渡族元素Cr、Co和Ni含量...     

Geochemical records of the sediments and their significance in Dongping Lake Area,the lower reach of Yellow River,North China

Dongping Lake area, located in the lower reaches of Yellow River, is an ideal place to study the changes of modern river and lake sedimentary environment. The sediment samples of Dawen River, Yellow River, and Dongping Lake were collected, and the major elements, trace elements and organic matter geochemical composition of the samples were analyzed. Cluster analysis, characteristic element ratio method and graphic method were used to explore the geochemical characteristics of sediments and their environmental implication. The results show that the contents of SiO_2, Na_2O, TiO_2 and Zr in sediments of Dawen River and Yellow River are relatively high, and the contents of iron and manganese oxides, organic matter, CaO, P_2O_5 and Sr in lake sediments are relatively high. That reveals the differences of sedimentary environments between the rivers and the lake. The contents of Sr and Zr in Dawen River are affected by the rapid migration of clastic materials in the upstream carbonate source area during the flood season; the δCe,ΣREE and REE's ratios in the sediments of the Yellow River reflect the influence of the Loess source; and the distribution of elements changes along the flow direction during the flood season. The characteristics of p H, element composition and LREE HREE fractionation of the lake sediments indicate that the sediment source is complex, and the lake environment is affected by the flood season. The study shows that the geochemical content and its variation characteristics of sediments effectively reveal the sedimentary environment, material composition and characteristics of flood season of rivers and the lake in the study area.