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1.
地形对涡量传播和台风切向风速变化的参数敏感性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
设计了一个高分辨率的浅水模式,以研究地形参数和纬向基流在涡旋Rossby波传播和台风切向风速变化中的作用。结果表明,无纬向基流条件下,岛屿地形的水平尺度对涡旋Rossby波传播的影响表现在:随地形水平方向尺度的增大,扰动涡度场环绕地形顺时针方向旋转的趋势增强,局域风速增幅减小,增强了平均风速的减弱。纬向东风基流条件下,热带气旋的局域风速及其平均切向风速的演变受台风与地形间距的改变以及地形作用时间长短的影响:当台风逐渐靠近地形时,局域风速增幅增强,平均风速逐渐减小;当台风逐渐远离地形时,出现相反的变化。 相似文献
2.
涡旋Rossby波传播和台风切向风速变化的数值研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
余锦华 《南京气象学院学报》2003,26(2):172-180
设计了一个高分辨率f平面准地转正压涡度方程半谱模式,用以研究非线性对台风切向风速变化,以及不同初始异常条件下台风环流内涡旋Rossby波传播和台风切向风速变化特征。6类(14组)试验的数值结果表明:非线性使台风切向风速的增强减弱,可能使最大风速半径收缩。初始扰动中心位置对涡旋Rossby波传播和台风切向风速变化的影响明显。扰动中心在最大风速半径附近时,台风最大切向风速增强最多;异常中心在台风外区时,使最大切向风速减小。初始异常尺度(范围)减小对台风最大切向风速变化的影响减弱。双涡分布条件下,台风环流外区的涡旋使内区或近眼壁区对流涡旋对台风最大切向风速的影响减弱。 相似文献
3.
Rossby参数β在涡旋Rossby波中的作用 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
利用尺度分析方法得到Rossby参数β在强涡旋中有着不可忽略的作用.在无基本气流径向切变的涡旋系统中,在Rossby参数β的作用下有涡旋Rossby波出现.由于涡旋Rossby波存在,从而破坏了涡旋系统的轴对称性,表现出非轴对称特征.在考虑切向基本气流的涡度径向变化时,涡旋Rossby波的频散关系同时包含了切向基本气流涡度径向切变项和β项的作用.一般情况下涡旋Rossby波在切向基本气流涡度径向切变的作用下有向外频散能量的特性,而β项的作用随方位角θ而变化,使涡旋能量频散不对称. 相似文献
4.
台风“海棠”的螺旋雨带结构及特征 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用中尺度数值模式WRF对2005年7月19—20日台风"海棠"登陆前后螺旋雨带的结构及特征进行了模拟和诊断分析。结果表明,本次台风造成的沿海暴雨与主次两条雨带活动有关。主雨带是涡旋Rossby波激发的螺旋雨带,与850 hPa正涡度带有很好的对应关系,降水强度大,辐合层次低,处在温度和切向风速梯度最大处。次雨带辐合层次相对较高,最大温度梯度和相当位温梯度发生在700 hPa以上,无明显切向风梯度配合,其发展主要与台风中心附近的阶梯状相当位温锋区有关。当台风中雨带合并时,易造成降水增幅。台风登陆前后存在螺旋雨带的断裂现象,台风中心西侧及西北侧的中低层的辐散流场使高层的气旋性流场出现和加强,台风在高层的气旋性环流与西部低压结合,使台风西部产生辐合,引起螺旋雨带的断裂,当高层的低压形成明显的气旋式切变时,也可使切变下方螺旋雨带断裂。 相似文献
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采用WRF中尺度模式对2018年22号台风“山竹”进行高分辨率的数值模拟,在此基础上,分析台风的精细动力结构和雨带特征。分析结果发现,台风“山竹”的眼墙处具有低层辐合流入、高层辐散流出的动力配置;台风眼墙附近存在切向风速的高值区和明显的垂直上升区,并且随着高度逐渐向外侧倾斜,同时该处的雷达回波也较强,对流系统较为深厚。然后利用尺度分离方法得到涡旋罗斯贝(Rossby)波的扰动场,进一步分析了台风“山竹”内部的涡旋Rossby波特征。研究发现:1)1波和2波会同时沿着切向和径向方向传播,2波的振幅明显小于1波;1波和2波的正涡度扰动大值区基本覆盖强的雷达回波区域,同时伴有较强的对流活动。2)垂直方向上,降水区的涡度扰动呈现出上层为正、下层为负的动力配置时,同时散度扰动的垂直方向也有类似配置时,则会加强对流系统的发展,有利于降水的增强。由此可见,1波和2波扰动的上层辐散下层辐合的动力配置会促使对流系统的加强,同时也会对台风降水的强度和分布有一定的作用。 相似文献
6.
热带风暴中波动特征的研究进展和问题 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
在分析热带风暴眼壁和螺旋雨带中尺度波动特征最新研究的基础上,指出这些研究所忽略的问题,其中包括重力惯性波和涡旋Rossby波波解存在的前提条件和约束、理论分析与观测研究存在的差异等。提出一种基于准平衡动力条件下,热带风暴内中尺度扰动涡散运动共存时,区别于标准模混合的不可分的混合涡旋Rossby-重力惯性波,并讨论了位涡守恒条件下这一类不可分混合波的可能成波机制。利用高分辨率的模式大气资料,采用非对称波分量的分解方法分析了Bonnie飓风中的中尺度波动特征,结果表明,热带风暴中1波型扰动既具有涡旋波性质,但也存在散度扰动的变化,而2波型扰动则体现了明显的不可分混合波的特性。 相似文献
7.
Wave ray theory is employed to study features of propagation pathways(rays) of vortex Rossby waves in typhoons with asymmetric basic flow, where the tangential asymmetric basic flow is constructed by superimposing the wavenumber-1 perturbation flow on the symmetric basic flow, and the radial basic flow is derived from the non-divergence equation. Results show that, in a certain distance, the influences of the asymmetry in the basic flow on group velocities and slopes of rays of vortex Rossby waves are mainly concentrated near the radius of maximum wind(RMW), whereas it decreases outside the RMW. The distributions of radial and tangential group velocities of the vortex Rossby waves in the asymmetric basic flow are closely related to the azimuth location of the maximum speed of the asymmetric basic flow, and the importance of radial and tangential basic flow on the group velocities would change with radius. In addition, the stronger asymmetry in the basic flow always corresponds to faster outward energy propagation of vortex Rossby waves. In short, the group velocities, and thereby the wave energy propagation and vortex Rossby wave ray slope in typhoons, would be changed by the asymmetry of the basic flow. 相似文献
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涡列涡量内传的数值研究 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
用一个高分辨率的准地转正压模式实施了4组积分时间为24h的试验,研究台风环流区域中尺度涡列对台风强度的影响。并与单个中尺度涡旋的情况作了对比。结果表明:涡列内传过程中出现了两次涡合并现象。涡列涡量内传对台风强度的影响能力较弱。单个中尺度涡旋涡量内传可使台风增强。 相似文献
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台风灿鸿造成浙江东北部大暴雨地形作用的数值模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
利用中尺度非静力数值模式WRF V3.6.1对台风灿鸿(1509)进行了高分辨率数值模拟,模式较好地再现了台风灿鸿的发展演变过程和在浙江东北部产生的强降水。观测资料显示台风接近浙江期间,在东北气流下,浙东北地形的摩擦辐合及抬升作用使得大量的对流云团汇集在台风西北侧,对流系统活跃,是浙江东北部产生强降水的重要原因。控制试验也模拟出了在台风接近陆地时,内核区西北侧存在有组织的、切向分布的小尺度对流系统,由地形强迫产生的降雨量和地形走向一致,迎风坡降雨量增加。通过升降地形,改变土地类型和将杭州湾水体用陆地替换等敏感性试验发现:(1)地形的影响对台风降雨量的增幅最为明显。通过降低地形,台风西北侧小尺度雨带明显减弱,浙江东北地区降水也明显减少。可见地形会影响这些中小尺度系统的结构和演变,引起降水异常变化。(2)大暴雨期间,台风一直维持较强的对称性,具有典型的眼墙和暖心结构。 相似文献
11.
The Dynamical Characteristics and Wave Structure of Typhoon Rananim (2004) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
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Typhoon Rananim (2004) was one of the severest typhoons landfalling the Chinese mainlandfrom 1996 to 2004. It brought serious damage and induced prodigious economical loss. Using a newgeneration of mesoscale model, named the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system,with 1.667 km grid horizontal spacing on the finest nested mesh, Rananim was successfully simulatedin terms of track, intensity, eye, eyewall, and spiral rainbands. We compared the structures ofRananim to those of hurricanes in previous studies and observations to assess the validity ofsimulation. The three-dimensional (3D) dynamic and thermal structures of eye and eyewall werestudied based on the simulated results. The focus was investigation of the characteristics ofthe vortex Rossby waves in the inner-core region. We found that the Rossby vortex waves propagateazimuthally upwind against the azimuthal mean tangential flow around the eyewall, and theirperiod was longer than that of an air parcel moving within the azimuthal mean tangential flow.They also propagated outward against the boundary layer inflow of the azimuthal mean vortex.Futhermore, we studied the connection between the spiral potential vorticity (PV) bands andspiral rainbands, and found that the vortex Rossby waves played an important role in theformation process of spiral rainbands. 相似文献
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In this study, the barotropic stability of vortex Rossby waves (VRWs) in 2D inviscid tropical cyclone (TC)-like vortices is explored in the context of rotational dynamics on an f-plane. Two necessary instable conditions are discovered: (a) there must be at least one zero point of basic vorticity gradient in the radial scope; and (b) the relative propagation velocity of perturbations must be negative to the basic vorticity gradient, which reflects the restriction relationship of instable energy. The maximum ... 相似文献
13.
涡旋Rossby波传播的不同特征 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
用一个柱坐标系涡度正压方程的半谱模式,实施了4组试验,研究了不同初始扰动涡旋分布条件下,涡旋Rossby波的传播特征问题。结果指出:正值、负值相间的沿方向角二波分布的初始场,与只有正值涡旋的初始场相比,其后涡旋Rossby波的传播有明显的差别,即前者向内传播的涡量比后者衰减得快,而且前者是单峰传播,后者是双峰传播。 相似文献
14.
In terms of its dynamics, The Tibetan Plateau Vortex (TPV) is assumed to be a vortex in the botmdary layer forced by diabatic heating and friction. In order to analyze the basic characteristics of waves in the vortex, the governing equations for the vortex were established in column coordinates with the balance of gradient wind. Based on this, the type of mixed waves and their dispersion characteristics were deduced by solving the linear model. Two numerical simulations with triple-nested domains--one idealized large-eddy simulation and one of a TPV that took place on 14 August 2006---were also carried out. The aim of the simulations was to validate the mixed wave deduced from the governing equations. The high-resolution model output data were analyzed and the results showed that the tangential flow field of the TPV in the form of center heating was cyclonic and convergent in the lower levels and anticyclonic and divergent in the upper levels. The simulations also showed that the vorticity of the vortex is uneven and might have shear flow along the radial direction. The changing vorticity causes the formation and spreading of vortex Rossby (VR) waves, and divergence will cause changes to the n~otion of the excitation and evolution of inertial gravity (IG) waves. Therefore, the vortex may contain what we call mixed :inertial gravity-vortex Rossby (IG-VR) waves. It is suggested that some strongly developed TPVs should be studied in the future, because of their effects on weather in downstream areas. 相似文献
15.
利用多重尺度摄动法,推导出非线性涡旋Rossby波波包的演变方程是非线性Schroedinger方程。对该非线性Schroedinger方程的周期波动解及其稳定性进行了研究,得到了有关稳定和不稳定的判据。数值计算表明:非线性涡旋Rossby波的相速值为10^0m/s量级,这和台风中的螺旋雨带实测移速的量级是一致的,可以从涡旋Rossby波说中较好地解释台风中的螺旋雨带的形成和维持。 相似文献
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2005年夏季的主要天气及其环流分析 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
简要讨论了2005年夏季的主要天气过程和形势。2005年夏季全国大部分地区降雨量接近常年同期或偏多,特别是新疆地区降雨异常偏多,华南地区出现严重洪涝,而长江流域出现了空梅。造成6月华南地区强降雨的影响天气系统为切变线和地面静止锋,主要为从东北和西北来的冷空气与暖湿气流交汇于华南地区而形成。2005年与1994、1998年环流的对比表明,1998年西南季风强度比1994、2005年都要弱,但2005年梅雨期东阻位置在贝加尔湖东侧,比1998年的鄂霍次克阻高偏西,中纬度地区多小槽活动,贝加尔湖地区没有长波槽建立,中高层西风急流带偏北大约10个纬度,低层西南风急流也偏北,有利于北方降水的发生。2005年夏季登陆我国的台风偏多,强度较强,这是又一特点。华北地区的暴雨过程多与登陆或西太平洋上活动的台风有关;东北地区多低涡活动。与2004年对比,2005年华北地区的高温日数偏多,而且出现持续闷热天气,江南部分地区的高温天数也偏多。 相似文献
18.
John L. Spiesberger Harley E. Hurlburt Mark Johnson Mark Keller Steven Meyers Jim O'Brien 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1998,26(4):209-240
An interpretation is made of interannual changes in acoustic travel time between Oahu and seven receivers at distances of 3000–4000 km. Measurements were made in late 1983, and over two 5-month intervals between 1987 and 1989. Previous publications demonstrated that these changes stem from variations in temperature. Two hydrodynamic ocean models are used to identify plausible oceanic features that could cause these variations. They are from the Naval Research Laboratory and the Florida State University at (1/8)° and (1/6)° resolution, respectively, and are forced with different interannual wind sets for more than a decade. Modelled El Niño's and La Niña's generate poleward travelling Kelvin waves on the eastern boundary of the Pacific. These excite Rossby waves that propagate westward at mid-latitudes. Rossby waves are the dominant model features which affect the modelled acoustic travel times, and hence section-averaged temperatures in the eastern North Pacific. These waves yield travel times whose standard deviations and rates of changes are similar to the measurements. In the observations, some sections separated by less than 500 km exhibit trends in heat content with opposite signs. Similar variability can be explained with modelled Rossby waves. Model wavelengths less than 500 km, eddies, and seasonal cycles induced by seasonal winds yield travel times that are two orders of magnitude too small to account for the data. 相似文献
19.
By means of the numerical method,the tropical air-sea interaction waves are studied.The results show that whenthe Kelvin waves are filtered out and only the equatorial Rossby waves are reserved both in the atmosphere and in theocean,the disturbances can also propagate eastward because of the air-sea interaction.The critical wavelength of theeastward propagating waves is related to the intensity of the air-sea interaction.The stronger the air-sea interaction,thelarger the eastward propagating components of the air-sea interaction waves.The results of the numerical experimentsare in good agreement with those of the theoretical analysis(Chao and Zhang,1988). 相似文献
20.
中尺度涡旋和台风涡旋相互作用的数值研究 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
用一个高分辨率的正压涡度方程模式,实施了4组积分时间为24h的试验,研究了台风环流区域内中尺度涡旋的不同初始径向位置条件下与台风涡旋的相互作用,结果表明,中尺度涡旋初始径向位置不同,可以引起随后扰动相对涡度场演变特征的改变。 相似文献