利用侧扫声呐和单道地震提取海底微地貌的方法

文章简要介绍侧扫声呐和单道地震系统的工作原理,并以海南岛南部近海海域为例,分析通过侧扫声呐图像和单道地震剖面提取沙波、沙脊、海底礁石和陡坎等海底微地貌的可行性及其过程。研究表明:沙波和海底礁石可通过对侧扫声呐图像的判读和识别,对比单道地震剖面图,直接在侧扫声呐图像上圈定;陡坎和沙脊可通过对单道地震剖面图的判读和识别,提取海底水深剖面数据制作平面剖面图,并结合潮流动力方向圈定;综合利用侧扫声呐和单道地震数据,可有效提高海底微地貌的解译精度。     

A study in the determination of depth information from side looking Sonar

Abstract

The paper describes a general mathematical model for the determination of depths, using “stereoscopic”; Side Scan Sonar images. It is based on the assumption that the attitude and position parameters of the sensor can be continuously recorded or reconstructed by calculation.     

基于“发现”号ROV的近海底综合声学调查系统及其在台西南冷泉调查中的应用

随着海洋调查技术的发展和海洋研究的深入,基于深潜器平台的近海底调查在海洋调查与研究中的综合应用日趋常态。基于这一背景,本文介绍了搭载于"发现"号缆控水下机器人(remotely operatedvehicle,ROV)的近海底综合声学调查系统及其在台西南冷泉区的应用实例。基于"发现"号ROV平台的近海底综合声学调查系统主要由R2Sonic2024多波束测深系统,模块一体化的侧扫声纳-浅地层剖面系统和水下综合定位与导航系统构成。该系统的配置极大地扩展和完善了"发现"号ROV的近海底调查能力,实现了近海底多波束、侧扫和浅剖等声学数据的同步采集和快速融合处理。基于本套系统在南海冷泉区的综合应用,本文对其工作流程进行了介绍,并对所获得一系列成果进行了初步分析。结果表明,近海底综合探测系统的应用为南海冷泉区的识别、海底地形地貌特征分析以及空间规模量化研究等内容提供了不可或缺的基础资料。本套系统的配置和成功应用,有效地提高了我国的近海底调查和作业能力。     

长江口水下高分辨率微地貌及运动特征

在 1997年枯季和 1998年全流域特大洪水后期 ,用旁侧声纳、热敏式双频测深仪、差分GPS、2 4道浅地层剖面仪、声学悬沙浓度剖面仪、流速仪等对长江口区主航槽进行走航测量和定点探测 ,第一次获得了长江口大量细颗粒大尺度底形沙波三维实测图像、数据以及底形运动的连续时间序列可视图像和数据。对这些图像和数据的分析结果对河口动力沉积和动力地貌过程、河口地形演变、大比例尺水下地形测量、三维流场的数值模拟、港口航道的疏浚以及深水航道的稳定性研究等具有重要意义。     

Long-term change in the structure of a Posidonia oceanica landscape and its reference for a monitoring plan

Abstract On the basis of a detailed cartographic survey carried out by Side Scan Sonar and a towed underwater video camera during 2005, and from a series of historical maps (1959, 1980, 1990), an extensive regression of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile beds was evidenced for a vast area of the central Tyrrhenian Sea (Latium coast, Italy). The total loss of P. oceanica surface was assessed through GIS estimate. In 1959, the Posidonia beds extended over 7290 ha, while in the 2005 survey they had regressed to 2899 ha, a loss of about 60% of their coverage. Also the seagrass lower limit showed a general depth decrease in time. Total seagrass coverage loss and lower limit regression were not uniform along the whole investigated areas and three main sub-areas have been identified with different degrees of regression somehow related with coastal potential human-mediated impacts. From different coverage estimates of the present survey and of the previous maps, minimum sampling areas were calculated through bootstrapping simulation routines from small sampling areas (Landscape Units) to reach the nearest estimate of the observed condition in the different periods.     

基于结构特征的遥感影像海岸码头分割方法

在分析水边线对码头提取的作用和海岸码头的结构特征的基础上,提出了一种基于结构特征的遥感影像海岸码头分割方法。该方法在遥感影像水边线提取的基础上,利用道格拉斯-普克算法通过压缩得到关键节点,接着在节点中选取满足要求的凹点,然后依据海岸结构特征通过对凹点的筛选分割出海岸规则突出物,最后通过对规则突出物的分析验证得到海岸码头。实验结果表明,该方法能够从水边线中将码头区域分割出来,并且受停靠船舶等噪声影响较小,为下一步海岸码头的精确提取奠定了坚实基础。     

Object-Oriented Island Land Cover Change Detection by Iteratively Reweighted Multivariate Statistical Analysis

ABSTRACT

In studies of changes in island geographic information, a key topic is island land cover change detection using multitemporal remote sensing images; such information can provide good reference for island exploitation, marine resource conservation, marine economic development, and national defense building. This study proposes a fast and easy-to-implement algorithm of object-oriented change detection based on iteratively reweighted multivariate statistical analysis with high-resolution remote sensing images and vector data, improving effects of normal multivariate alternative detection by combining object-oriented technology with probability density function of chi-square distribution. This method builds vectors in feature space with spectral, texture, and spatial structure information of objects segmented based on boundaries and categories of features in vector data. By feature optimization and iterative extension to multivariate statistical analysis for change detection, change regions can be extracted. Experiments on Zhaoshu Island area show that the proposed method is highly effective and accurate in detection of change regions.     

基于MRF场的侧扫声呐图像分割方法

为了利用侧扫声呐进行水下目标自动探测和识别,首先必须将声呐图像分为目标高亮区、海底混响区和目标阴影区.由于声呐图像有强背景噪声,传统的图像分割方法显得无能为力,故采用基于MRF场的图像分割方法来准确地分割.根据侧扫声呐目标的成像特点,建立了分割的约束条件;利用阴影与目标的灰度均值比很小这一特点进行初始分割,然后根据分割后目标与阴影的宽度差来剔除虚假目标,由初始分割的结果求得MRF模型初始参数,再采用迭代条件估计得到最终的模型参数和准确的分割结果.由于考虑了相邻像素间的依赖关系,具有抗噪性强、分割效果好的优点,从理论上说是合理的.实测数据分析也证明了这种算法的优越性.     

On the wind conditions of a shallow as a factor of the formation of satellite images of the Sea (Using the example of the South Caspian Sea)

Based on the scatterometer QuickScat wind data and the water-leaving radiances from the ocean color scanner SeaWiFS data for 2000–2004, we composed a pair of mean annual images of a testing site in the South Caspian Sea under conditions of west-bound and east-bound winds corresponding to the offset and onset state of the shallows in the east of the testing site. It was established that both the “offset” and “onset” radiances grow shorewards, but the former becomes about twice as large as the latter in the middle of the shallows with 10–15 m of water, while their difference tends to zero at the seaward and coastal boundaries of the shallow. These and other findings are hypothetically attributable to the inclination of the sea floor of the shallows, due to which the surfacing of bottom sediments resuspended by the drift current takes less time under the “offset” wind conditions than under the “onset” ones. The study’s results indicate that the effect of the bottom sediments resuspension upon the structure of the images of the marine shallows is universal in character and needs to be taken into account to improve the bio-optical algorithms for estimating the admixtures in the thickness of the shallows from the satellite data.     

旁侧声呐在海底探测中的应用和工作船动态定位施工技术

随着海洋工程建设及海上事故和海难的增多,日益增加的海底障碍物给海上安全生产和航运带来了前所未有的挑战和安全隐患,需要进行海上搜寻和水下探摸与处理。旁侧声呐和动力定位船的配合使用是处理这类问题的最佳选择,但租用动力定位船费用昂贵,成本很高。而根据工作区的实际情况利用渔船改装的动态定位船操作简单,且费用低廉,被海洋工作者广泛采用。本文介绍了旁侧声呐在海底障碍物探测中的应用和渔船改装的GPS动态定位船进行水上定位的工作原理和施工方法。装备GPS导航软件的渔船可以指示船只的实时位置。通过改变锚绳长度来改变船只位置的动态定位技术适用于水下搜寻和探摸处理工作。     

Quantizing and analyzing the feature information of coastal zone based on high-resolution remote sensing image

1Introduction With the development and application of remotesensing technology, people fromthe international re-mote sensing community have realized the issue thatwe have immoderately emphasized characteristics ofvast volume data and great detail of remot…     

The reflection of the present distribution of the primary production in the bottom sediments of the Sea of Okhotsk

Using the authors’ data obtained during expeditions to the Sea of Okhotsk during the last decade, the primary phytoplankton production and the distribution of organic carbon and chlorophyll a degradation products (chlorin) in the bottom sediments were studied. Using the authors’ and published data, the spatial distribution of the production and paleoproduction indicators was plotted. The ratios of the chlorin and C_org content in the sediments was considered, and the correlation between these parameters was revealed. It was shown that the average annual primary production of phytoplankton and the paleoproduction indices were maximum in the coastal and upwelling zones and decreased towards the sea’s center. A quantitative correlation was found between the distribution of the present primary production in the photic layer and that of the rates of the accumulation of organic matter buried within the surface sediments. As a result, it was shown that the content of chlorin and C_org in the marine bottom sediments may be used to reconstruct the paleoproduction variability of the past.     

基于合成孔径雷达影像的海洋溢油纹理特征参数分析

溢油已是当前海洋生态环境破坏的主要因素之一,因此对海洋溢油的检测分析是当前海洋环境保护的一个重要课题。传统的溢油提取仅仅是单独依靠光学影像的光谱信息或者合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像的后向散射系数信息进行提取,这会造成很多同谱异物或者粗糙度相近似的地物错分,因此除了利用传统的影像信息以外,还需结合影像的纹理信息,从而提高溢油提取的精度,减少错分地物的数量。选用2006年渤海地区的三景同轨SAR影像作为数据基础,应用基于灰度共生矩阵的方法对其进行纹理分析。该方法可以很好地对图像区域和表面进行感知并能够从像元的灰度相关性上对纹理特征进行详细描述,因此适合于SAR影像的海洋溢油检测。在纹理分析的过程中有很多的参数需要选择,参数选择的好坏将直接影响最终提取结果的精度。通过对纹理分析过程中的参数进行讨论、实验、选择与验证,最终确定了基于灰度共生矩阵纹理分析中各参数的值,并选择了局部平稳、非相似性、对比度、变化量4个特征量作为溢油提取的纹理特征统计量。将纹理特征与SAR自身的后向散射系数相结合,通过神经网络分类法对其进行分类,并计算出分类精度为80.65%,分类效果良好。由此说明了将影像的传统信息与纹理信息相结合进行溢油提取是一种可行而有效的方法,同时也为后续的海洋溢油检测工作奠定了一定的基础。     

印度洋鲣鱼围网资源渔场时空变化及其与ENSO的关系

鲣鱼是印度洋重要的金枪鱼种类之一,其资源丰度与海洋环境关系密切。本研究根据1980-2010年印度洋鲣鱼围网生产统计数据以及海洋环境与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）指数等,对印度洋鲣鱼围网资源渔场时空分布,以及厄尔尼诺年和拉尼娜年等不同尺度气候条件下鲣鱼资源渔场时空变动及其与海洋环境因子的关系进行分析。研究结果表明,1980-2010年印度洋鲣鱼围网渔获量基本保持不断增加的趋势,但CUPE值变化幅度较大,最低仅为0.68 t/d（1997年）,最高达到1.58 t/d（2002年）。同时鲣鱼资源丰度（CPUE）与Ni?o3.4区指数存在显著的负相关关系,即厄尔尼诺年,鲣鱼CPUE 随之下降,拉尼娜年,CPUE 随之上升。ENSO现象对鲣鱼渔场时空分布也有显著影响,厄尔尼诺发生时,鲣鱼围网作业渔场重心会向东、向北移动,而拉尼娜年则向西、向南移动。     

海岛遥感图像数据管理示范系统的构架与分析

使用数据分割和数据开采技术将海岛遥感图像数据分割成较小的可以独立管理的物理单位,然后对其图像数据进行重构和重组以及非监督分类、截取、拼接和波形比对.此数据管理系统除具有访问常规的数据库管理、维护和使用等功能外,还根据应用需求,在集成系统环境下开发了处理后光谱数据的特征量分析、推理和判断功能.     

Enhanced superoxide anion production in activated peritoneal macrophages from English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) exposed to polycyclic aromatic compounds

As in mammals, macrophages play a vital role in the destruction of infective organisms in fish. The current study was done to determine if exposure to polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), a group of chemical contaminants commonly found in the sediments of urban marine areas, alters the ability of peritoneal macrophages (MØs) from English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). Initially, assay conditions including concentration of MØs, type of in vitro stimulant, tissue culture media, and incubation time were optimized to measure production of superoxide anion (O₂⁻), the progenitor ROI, in English sole MØs. English sole were then injected with an organic solvent extract of a PAC-contaminated sediment equivalent to 20 g sediment (about 860 μg selected PACs) per kg fish, via their dorsal lymphatic sinus. Peritoneal MØs were harvested on days 1, 3, 7, and 14 post-injection. Elicited peritoneal MØs from English sole injected with the sediment extract produced significantly more O₂⁻ after stimulation in vitro with either opsonized zymosan on days 3 and 7 after exposure, or phorbol myristate acetate on day 7 when compared to the vehicle-injected or uninjected fish. Macrophages of fish injected with the vehicle responded comparably to those from uninjected individuals. No differences in the basal amounts of O₂⁻ production from activated peritoneal MØs were observed among the treatment groups. This study demonstrates that exposure of English sole to PACs altered macrophage production of O₂⁻. Although the direct effects of the enhanced production of this ROI are unknown, the higher levels of superoxide anion production within peritoneal macrophages may contribute to immunodysfunction and oxidative damage in P. vetulus.     

Autonomous underwater vehicle-based concurrent detection and classification of buried targets using higher order spectral analysis

This paper presents a processing concept for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)-based concurrent detection and classification (CDAC) of mine-like objects. In the detection phase, the AUV seeks objects of interest using a simple energy detector combined with a peak tracking mechanism. Upon detection, the processing mechanism changes to a higher order spectral (HOS) classification process. The system is demonstrated through theory, simulation and at-sea experiments to have promise in reducing the false alarm rate of mine detections. The HOS classification mechanism is also shown to have some benefit over classical spectral estimation in all cases. Components of the system concept were also demonstrated live onboard the AUV during the Generic Oceanographic Array Technology Sonar (GOATS 2002) experiment off the coast of Italy, while others are demonstrated using a comprehensive AUV sonar simulation framework.     

基于ONDPI的海岸养殖池塘遥感影像提取研究

以Sentinel-2、Landsat-8卫星影像为数据源,以海岸养殖池塘为研究对象,针对养殖池塘的特点,提出了基于归一化差异池塘指数(NDPI)的面向对象结合法(ONDPI)。并以天津市某一海岸养殖区为例,与传统的水体指数结合直方图阈值分割法进行对比实验。实验表明ONDPI能够对遥感影像中的海岸养殖池塘进行有效提取,提取精度达到95%以上,优于其他方法,能够为海岸池塘养殖的规划管理提供参考数据。