北半球副热带高压强度对太阳活动的响应

利用近38年（1954—1991）逐月500hPa高度数据确定的北半球副各到高强度资料统计了和太阳黑子数以及10.7cm射电通量的相关性，在考虑序列自相关性基础上进行了严格的检验，进一步肯定了一系列高相关联系；其次，利用非整数（年）波方法算出各副高强度在太阳活动主周期（10.9年）处有显著的响应．对照卫星对太阳“常数”的最新探测结果表明，北半球（尤其是东太平洋）副高强度的确能对太阳活动强度作出灵敏的正相关响应．     

GAMIL CliPAS试验对夏季西太平洋副热带高压的预测

利用GAMIL CliPAS"两步法"季度预测试验,检验了后报的1980～1999年北半球夏季西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)的年际变化,检查了Seoul National University(SNU)动力统计预测系统对SST预测准确度,并讨论了影响中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室格点大气模式(GAMIL)对副高预测效果的可能原因.500 hPa位势高度可预报性指数表明西太平洋副高具有较高可预报性.集合平均基本能再现西太平洋副高的变率特征,但最大方差的位置和强度与观测稍有区别.观测证据显示,副高存在2～3年变率和3～5年变率.且2～3年变率比3～5年变率强.GAMIL能够准确预测观测副高的3～5年变率,尽管其强度要强于观测.这与试验所用的预测海温能够很好表现赤道中东太平洋(5.5°S～5.5°N,190.5°E～240.5°E)海温的年际变率有关.同时,GAMIL预测的副高2～3年变率较之观测显著偏弱,这可能与SNU预测的海洋大陆地区(5.5°S～0.5°N,110.5°E～130.5°E)SST的2～3年变率偏弱有关.分析表明,SNU预测海温的这种弱点,与SNU海温统计预测模式所用的历史海温(OISST)本身对海洋大陆地区2～3年变率的刻画能力较弱有关.     

北半球夏季副热带流型的多平衡态特征

Charney和Devore首先论述了高低指数环流型的多平衡态特征。在相同的外部强迫下,由于大尺度大气运动的非线性,能够激发出两类截然不同的环流形态,这是大气环流系统的一项重要的固有属性。对此,已进行了一系列的研究。这些研究一般限于中高纬度高低指数环流的范畴。     

热带气旋穿越副热带高压的数值试验

用简单的准地转正压涡度方程模式,通过比较与多组不同计算参数相对应的台风路径的相似程度,确定出合理的计算参数：即求解Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程的迭代精度可取为１．０×１０－４;时间积分步长可取为２０分钟。     

增强副热带高压对西南涡影响的数值试验

本文通过对伴随副热带高压(简称"副高")东退而东移的一次典型西南涡天气过程(简称"20150721"过程)进行数值模拟,采用数值敏感性对比试验探讨了增大副高强度对这次东移西南涡的影响,得到以下结论:(1)副高强度增大以后,可长时间稳定维持,能对西南涡中尺度天气系统整个发展演变过程造成持续影响.西南涡路径和强度的变化直接...     

北半球夏季南极冰气候效应的数值试验

本文利用9层菱形截断15波的全球大气环流谱模式进行了7月份南极冰正常和无冰的对比试验,进而研究了南极冰的短期气候效应.结果表明:南极冰的移去首先在局地区域加热了低层空气,减弱了南极极涡,然后使中高纬度超长波发生变异尤其是使纬向3波增幅.超长波的异常引起东亚季风区低层越赤道气流加强,从而增强东亚季风环流,增大中南半岛到西太平洋的降雨量和相应的对流潜热释放,结果在北半球激发了一支从东亚到北美的二维Rossby波列,使北半球大气环流发生异常.文中对这一气候效应的动力学机制进行了讨论,并认为南极冰不仅是影响南半球     

夏季西太平洋副热带高压的模拟实验

本文用模拟实验方法研究了西太平洋副热带高压的成因和结构。在分析了西太平洋副热带高压与其周围地区冷、热源关系的基础上,在实验中设计了六个热源、两个冷源,实验中得到的三维流场与实际大气情况相比很相似。从实验结果和实际大气资料分析得出,有四支不同方向的气流向西太平洋地区辐合下沉,它们对西太平洋副高的形成和维持起着重要作用。     

夏季西太平洋副热带高压的振荡

本文用1965年,1976-1985年夏季(6-8月)500hPa逐日西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置的复经验正交函数(CEOF)展开讨论了夏季西太平洋副热带高压的振荡特征.发现西太平洋副热带高压主要存在15-20d以及10d左右的振荡周期,它们一般都是从西太平洋的东部(180°E)向西部(110°E)传播的,其速度为5-7long./d.西太平洋副热带高压10d以下的短周期振荡一般自西(110°E)向东(180°E)传播.其东西部的振荡呈反位相.15-20d周期的振荡能量主要集中在西太平洋东、中部(150-170°E),而10d左右周期的振荡能量主要集中在西太平洋的西部(120-140°E).一般6月下旬至7月中旬是西太平洋副热带高压的低振荡能量期,而7月中旬以后有一段高振荡能量期.     

夏季西藏高原对北半球定常行星波形成的热力作用

本文应用一个包括Rayleigh摩擦、Newton冷却与水平涡旋热力扩散的准地转34层球坐标模式来研究西藏高原对夏季北半球定常行星波形成的热力作用. 计算结果表明夏季位于西藏高原上空的热源对于北半球夏季定常行星波形成的热力作用要比高原地形的动力作用大得多. 本文还计算了夏季北半球地形与热源强迫所产生的定常行星波与等高面上定常扰动系统的分布,其计算结果与由实际观测所得到的分布比较一致.     

A fluid experiment of large-scale topography effect on baroclinic wave flows

The effects of topography on baroclinic wave flows are studied experimentally in a thermally driven rotating annulus of fluid.Fourier analysis and complex principal component (CPC) analysis of the experimental data show that, due to topographic forcing, the flow is bimodal rather than a single mode. Under suitable imposed experimental parameters, near thermal Rossby number ROT = 0.1 and Taylor number Ta = 2.2 × 107, the large-scale topography produces low-frequency oscillation in the flow and rather long-lived flow pattern resembling blocking in the atmospheric cir-culation. The ‘blocking’ phenomenon is caused by the resonance of travelling waves and the quasi-stationary waves forced by topography.The large-scale topography transforms wavenumber-homogeneous flows into wavenumber-dispersed flows, and the dispersed flows possess lower wavenumbers.     

Impact of tropical and subtropical SSTs on mid-latitude tropospheric warming in the northern summer of 2010

The relationship between mid-latitude tropospheric warming (MLTW) and the tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in June–August (JJA) of 2010 has been investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model forced with the evolving observed SSTs. The simulation results indicate that the SST anomalies (SSTAs) in the equatorial Pacific in JJA 2010, indicating La Niña condition, did not contribute simultaneously to produce the MLTW in JJA 2010, and, instead, the SSTAs in the northern subtropics (the whole latitudinal band between 10°N and 30°N) contributed. However, it is shown by the results that enough magnitude of the atmospheric height anomalies over the northern mid-latitude was not reproduced by the SSTAs over the northern subtropical Indo-western Pacific (IWP) alone or over the northern subtropical Atlantic alone. It implies that both the SSTA over the northern subtropics of IWP and Atlantic were necessary to reproduce the MLTW. The possible role of convective activity for the MLTW is also discussed.     

夏季500hPa西太平洋副高与海平面气压的关系

本文利用SLP(海平面气压)资料,综合分析夏季6—8月副高各特征量与北半球SLP场的同期及前期关系,着重研究它们的时空分布特征及变化规律。最后提出了利用SLP作副高各特征量长期预报的可能途径。     

Relationships between the West Asian subtropical westerly jet and summer precipitation in northern Xinjiang

The relation between the spatial and temporal variations of the West Asian subtropical westerly jet (WASWJ) and the summer precipitation in northern Xinjiang has been explored using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the summer precipitation data at 43 stations in northern Xinjiang during 1961 to 2007. Results show that the position of the WASWJ is more important than its strength in influencing the summer precipitation in northern Xinjiang. When the jet position is further south, the anomalous southwesterly flow crossing the Indian subcontinent along the southern foothill of the Tibetan Plateau is favorable for the southwestward warm and wet air penetrating from low latitudes into Central Asia and northern Xinjiang and more rainfall formation. Further analysis shows that the interannual variations of the jet position are well correlated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO). In the weak AO years, the middle to upper troposphere becomes colder than normal and results in an anomalous cyclonic circulation at 200 hPa over Western and Central Asia, which enhances the westerly wind over middle and low latitudes and leads to the WASWJ located further south.     

Longitudinal Displacement of the Subtropical High in the Western Pacific in Summer and its Influence

Using the relative vorticity averaged over a certain area, a new index for measuring the longitudinal position of the subtropical high (SH) in the western Pacific is proposed to avoid the increasing trend of heights in the previous indices based on geopotential height. The years of extreme westward and eastward extension of SH using the new index are in good agreement with those defined by height index. There exists a distinct difference in large-scale circulation between the eastward and westward extension of SH under the new definition, which includes not only the circulation in the middle latitudes but also the flow in the lower latitudes. It seems that when the SH extends far to the east (west), the summer monsoon in the South China Sea is stronger (weaker) and established earlier (later). In addition, there exists a good relationship between the longitudinal position of SH and the summer rainfall in China. A remarkable negative correlation area appears in the Changjiang River valley, indicating that when the SH extends westward (eastward), the precipitation in that region increases (decreases). A positive correlation region is found in South China, showing the decrease of rainfall when the SH extends westward. On the other hand, the rainfall is heavier when the SH retreats eastward. However, the anomalous longitudinal position of SH is not significantly related to the precipitation in North China. The calculation of correlation coefficients between the index of longitudinal position of SH and surface temperature in China shows that a large area of positive values, higher than 0.6 in the center, covers the whole of North China, even extending eastward to the Korean Peninsula and Japan Islands when using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data to do the correlation calculation. This means that when the longitudinal position of the SH withdraws eastward in summer, the temperature over North China is higher. On the other hand, when it moves westward, the temperature there is lower. This could explain the phenomenon of the seriously high temperatures over North China during recent summers, because the longitudinal position of SH in recent summers was located far away from the Asian continent. Another region with large negative correlation coefficients is found in South China.     

Combined impact of in-phase and out-of-phase variation between the northern East Asian low and western North Pacific subtropical high on East Asian summer rainfall

东亚夏季降水受到对流层低层的东北亚陆地低压和西北太平洋副热带高压(西太副高)的影响。本文采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,考察了东北亚低压和西太副高同位相变化及反位相变化对东亚夏季降水的影响。研究发现与环流系统同位相和反位相对应,东亚夏季降水呈现不同的变化特征。当东北亚低压和西太副高同位相变化时,东亚地区降水异常为偶极子型,表现为长江南北降水变化相反;而当两环流系统处于反位相变化时,降水异常主要集中在长江流域。     

Response of the Intensity of Subtropical High in the Northern Hemisphere to Solar Activity

Using the intensity data of each northern subtropical high measured by monthly 500 hPa height charts for the recent 38 years (1954-1991), we calculate their correlations with the monthly sunspot number and monthly solar radio flux at 10.7 cm wave length, respectively. Through strict test, we further confirm a series of high correlations. Next, using a method called the non-integer (year) wave, the significant response of each subtropical high’s intensity to so-lar activity at its main period of 10.9-year length is found. Special attention is paid to that of the eastern Pacific high, the possible mechanism of such sensible response is also analysed.     

夏季东北冷涡与副高、鄂海阻高的遥相关关系

利用1958-1997年每年的6月、7月和8月,共120个月NCAR/NCEP再分析月平均500 hPa位势高度格点资料,在全球范围内用一点相关法计算了东北冷涡与西太平洋副热带高压、鄂霍次克海阻塞高压之间的遥相关关系,结果表明,在夏季,东北冷涡与鄂海阻高之间有较好的负相关关系,是互为生消的;西太平洋副热带高压与鄂海阻高之间有较好的负相关关系,是互相制约的;东北冷涡与西太平洋副热带高压之间虽然也有负相关关系,但显著性不是很好.     

夏季西藏高原与落基山脉对北半球定常行星波形成的动力作用

本文应用一个包括Rayleigh摩擦、Newton冷却与水平涡旋热力扩散准地转34层球坐标模式来研究夏季西藏高原与落基山脉地形强迫对于夏季北半球定常行星波形成的作用. 计算结果表明:夏季北半球地形强迫所产生的定常行星波的振幅与位相分布与冬季的分布是很不一样的,夏季地形强迫所产生的定常行星波主要集中在亚热带的对流层,并且可以发现纬向波数k=1与k=2的振幅在高纬度存在着第二峰值.计算结果还表明了夏季西藏高原与落基山对于夏季定常行星波的形成起了重要作用.