淮南及淮北煤田第四纪“底砾层”成因模式探讨

安徽省淮南与淮北煤田第四纪“底砾层”的研究,对于煤矿提高上限开采具有重要意义。关于底砾层的成因问题,有多种观点。本文分析研究了两淮地区第四纪底砾层沉积面貌、描述了砾石外观形态（如瓜子形、拖鞋状、葫芦状、马鞍状等）及表构特征,包括泥包砾、镶嵌及缝隙结构等,提出两淮地区底砾层为冰碛物（冰种沉积）。地球化学测试及分析结果表明,两淮地区砾石的几种主要化学成分含量非常接近,从而说明两淮底砾层属同一物源。综合这两方面的论证,提出了底砾层的“停积－融坠型冰碛物沉积模式”,并进行了冰碛物的物源方向问题的探讨。     

End Bearing Capacity of Drilled Shafts in Sand: A Numerical Approach

In this paper, a modeling procedure is carried out to numerically analyze the end bearing capacity of drilled shafts in sand. The Mohr–Coulomb elastic plastic constitutive law with stress dependent elastic parameters is used for all numerical analyses performed in this study. The numerical results are compared with the available experimental equations. It is seen that numerical results are in good agreement with experimental equations. The variation of the end bearing capacity of drilled shafts versus embedment depth is also studied. Numerical results show that with increase in pile embedment depth, the end bearing capacity increases. However, the rate of increase becomes smaller as the pile embedment depth increases. Also, numerical analyses show that, for equal settlement, the end bearing decreases with increase in the pile diameter. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to obtain the separate effect of each sand parameter on the end bearing capacity of drilled shafts, and the parameters that are most influential are identified.     

水平定向钻进地层适应性的评价方法

水平定向钻进的地层适应性对施工技术方案、钻具选择、参数选取和施工效益都有着重要影响。应采用钻进地层的岩土硬度、完整性和研磨性三方面指标,对比钻进技术工艺和技术器具特点,对钻进效率、钻孔的成孔和孔壁稳定性、以及钻具寿命等进行定性及定量的评价,从而有利于大大提高水平定向钻进铺管施工的技术和经济效益。     

预应力管桩单桩竖向极限承载力分析

通过天津地区几例预应力管桩的静载荷试桩结果 ,分析天津地区预应力管桩单桩竖向极限承载力标准值的估算及与《建筑桩基技术规范》(JGJ 94— 94)和天津市《岩土工程技术规范》(DB 2 9— 2 0— 2 0 0 0 )的差别     

套管钻井测井解释评价技术

套管钻井技术的研究是目前国内钻井技术攻关的难题,其中测井资料的采集和解释技术评价是一项很重要的技术关键,如果不能提供较准确的测井资料,会使套管钻井技术的研究工作难于开展.经过实验设计、采集、分析对比工作,总结了利用套后自然伽马、补偿中子、碳氧比等测井资料进行套管钻井测井解释评价的方法,在吉林油田部分地区推广应用,见到了较好的效果.     

The Shaft Capacity of Displacement Piles in Clay: A State of the Art Review

The rapid expansion of the offshore wind sector, coupled with increasing demand for high rise structures, has placed renewed demand on the driven piling market. In light of this industry growth, this paper reviews the evolution of design approaches for calculating the shaft capacity of displacement piles installed in cohesive soils. The transition from traditional total stress design towards effective stress methods is described. Complex stress–strain changes occur during pile installation, equalisation and load testing and as a consequence, the selection of parameters for use in conventional earth-pressure type effective stress approaches is not straight-forward. These problems have led to the development of empirical correlations between shaft resistance and in situ tests, such as the cone penetration tests. However, many of these approaches are limited because they were developed for specific geological conditions. Significant insight into pile behaviour has been obtained from recent model pile tests, which included reliable measurements of radial effective stresses. These tests have allowed factors such as friction fatigue and interface friction to be included explicitly in design methods. Whilst analytical methods have been developed to investigate pile response, these techniques cannot yet fully describe the complete stress–strain history experienced by driven piles. The use of analytical methods in examining features of pile behaviour, such as the development of pore pressure during installation and the effects of pile end geometry on pile capacity, is discussed.     

Properties of Ironstone Lateritic Gravels in Relation to Gravel Road Pavement Construction

A laboratory investigation was conducted to determine properties of five samples of ‘oolitic ironstone’ lateritic gravel aggregates which are relevant to their use as road construction materials. Measured values of physico-chemical, physico-mechanical as well as index properties and compaction characteristics are similar to those of other lateritic, gravels occurring in West Africa which are used in road pavement applications. These lateritic clayey gravels have good workability as engineering construction materials and are rated fair to good as road aggregates in terms of probable in-situ behaviour based on water absorption values. Relationships between maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content as well as those between California bearing ratio and some derived soil parameters such as grading modulus, plasticity product or plasticity modulus can be described using a third-order polynomial function. The maximum dry unit weight has a bimodal frequency distribution and can be predicted from logarithm to base 10 of compaction energy with fairly good accuracy.     

岩石样品的静态酸中和能力评价

岩石的酸中和能力(acid neutralization capacity,ANC)是静态产酸预测中最具争议的一个重要参数.利用4种酸中和能力评价方法对山西省西山煤田石炭二叠纪含煤岩系的12个岩石样品进行了评价.研究表明,过滤的Sobek ANC方法能够有效消除反应性黄铁矿对ANC测定的影响,比修正的Sobek ANC方法计算的ANC值更准确;持续的Sobek ANC方法只对泥岩和黄铁矿样品具有一定的实际意义.矿物ANC计算法适宜评价冒泡反应强烈的灰岩和菱铁矿样品,而泥岩和砂岩的矿物ANC计算值不能反映样品的酸中和能力.灰岩和菱铁矿样品具有很强的酸中和能力,且ANC值不随时间变化;砂岩和泥岩的ANC值较低,其ANC值随时间逐渐降低.      

考虑侧填荷载的分离式基础涵洞地基承载力新算法和试验

为了研究涵侧填土对采用分离式基础涵洞地基承载力的提高效应,先结合基底土体的受力特点,进行受力分析,建立计算模型,构建求解分离式基础地基极限承载力的算法,给出承载力表达式。然后在相似理论的指导下,设计了5组模型,试验模拟粉质黏土地基受荷变形直到破坏的全过程,绘出荷载-沉降曲线,测得涵侧填土高度为0、4、8、12、16 m时的地基极限承载力。试验发现:随着侧填土高度的增加,承载力显著提高,当填土为12 m时已达到885 kPa;但提高幅度表现出非线性特性,先从18.42%增加到36.11%,然后减小到3.39%;当填土达到16 m时承载力达到915 kPa且不再增加;同时发现使用本文算法与试验实测值的误差小于10%,可以考虑用此算法计算分离式基础涵洞的地基极限承载力。继而得出结论:当涵洞地基沉降满足设计要求时,涵侧填土显著提高了地基承载力,节约工程造价,且提高的幅度先增加后减少,当达到16 m时地基承载力便逐渐趋于915 kPa。     

缝洞型油藏井钻遇大尺度部分充填溶洞数学模型

缝洞型油藏不同介质间流体窜流的研究对于大尺度溶洞中原油是否能够得到有效开发具有重大意义.基于缝洞型油藏大尺度溶洞充填特征,建立了井钻遇大尺度部分充填溶洞数学模型,采用Laplace变换和Stehfest数值反演,分别得到了基岩-溶洞未充填区域窜流量、溶洞充填区域-溶洞未充填区域窜流量和大尺度溶洞无因次流量,并分析了不同参数对窜流特征曲线的影响.研究结果表明:流体窜流过程可划分为4个流动阶段,流动前期和中前期主要为基质中流体向溶洞未充填部分窜流;流动中后期和后期主要为溶洞充填物流体向溶洞未充填部分窜流.在流动前期,基质和未充填溶洞间流体交换对部分充填溶洞流量贡献较大;而流动后期,溶洞充填物和未充填溶洞间流体交换对部分充填溶洞流量贡献较大.重力会导致溶洞充填物-溶洞未充填部分窜流量减小,而基质-溶洞未充填部分窜流不受到重力影响.溶洞充填程度、溶洞未充填部分和基质系统能量等因素对窜流特征曲线具有重大的影响.研究方法和结果对合理分析缝洞型油藏大尺度溶洞流动特征具有一定的指导意义.      

中国关键矿产评价标准和清单的探讨

后工业化时代,关键矿产成为大国资源竞争的焦点.随着对关键矿产的需求不断增长,各国会更加关注其供应的稳定性、安全性和可持续性.本文通过对比分析世界主要国家或组织的关键矿产目录,对关键矿产的概念和内涵进行了探讨,阐述了我国关键矿产的评价标准和评价指标,通过对矿产的重要性、供应风险和稀缺性依次分析评价出35种关键矿产,并提出了关键矿产研究和管理的建议.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部下白垩统宜君组砾岩砾组分析及其意义

运用砾组分析方法,结合邻区基岩地层,对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部下白垩统宜君组砾岩的砾性、砾度、砾态及砾向进行了研究,阐述了研究区不同区域砾岩的成分来源、成因、形成的水动力条件及古水流方向.表明宜君组砾岩为早白垩世初期干旱环境下山麓洪积扇-河流相沉积产物,具多物源和快速沉积的特点,砾石分选普遍较差,磨圆呈次棱角-次圆状,风化程...     

盐水层温室气体地质埋存机理及潜力计算方法评价

针对盐水层CO2地质埋存评价要求,提出了盐水层CO2埋存机理以及埋存潜力计算方法。CO2在盐水层中的埋存机理包括水力圈闭、残余气圈闭、溶解埋存和矿物埋存等4种基本方式。水力圈闭是CO2向上运动到达致密隔层受到遮挡后,在地质体中聚集,形成CO2气相埋存;残余气圈闭是由于驱替和吸吮相渗滞后现象存在,部分CO2以残余气形式被圈闭;溶解埋存是CO2溶解在水中,与水中的钙、镁、铁等离子发生反应生成碳酸盐矿物,实现CO2圈闭;矿物埋存是CO2与储层岩石发生缓慢的化学反应,形成碳酸盐矿物或HCO3-实现CO2封存。各种埋存方式随埋存时间不同,发挥的作用不一样,埋存安全性级别各不相同。埋存潜力只由残余气圈闭和溶解圈闭两部分构成。在此基础上,提出了埋存潜力计算公式及参数确定方法。埋存机理及潜力计算方法的提出为盐水层目标区CO2地质埋存评价提供了方法基础。     

钻孔导井法施工竖井在呷村矿溜矿井的应用

竖井传统施工方法进度慢,施工难度大,成本高。当其有下部通道时,选择钻孔导井法施工,则可以大大缩短工期,降低成本,具有明显的优越性。以呷村矿山溜井工程实践为例,探讨了钻机导井法施工竖井的关键工艺。     

钻孔灌注桩在复杂岩溶地质条件下的应用

岩溶地区地质条件不同,岩溶发育程度也会不同,常见溶洞类型既有体积较小的封闭型溶洞,又有埋藏较浅、洞体较大的空洞或半充填溶洞,也有埋藏较深、完全充填且漏水的溶洞.溶洞形态不同,钻孔灌注桩的处理方法也不同,施工前应根据地质情况及岩溶发育程度选择合理的成孔方案,并对施工中出现的塌孔、斜孔、掉钻、卡钻等常见事故采取相应的处理方法.     

Discussion of Grading Evaluation Criteria to Study Shale Oil Resources in Zhanhua Sag

<正>The huge resources potential of shale oil has been paid more and more attention.The method to correctly evaluate the shale oil potential is the key for resources evaluation.Some foreign scholars argued that the amount of hydrocarbon-bearing per unit organic carbon(S_1/TOC)was effective to determine the producible shale oil,known as"Oil crossover",while the method has some limitation     

Shear Load Transfer Characteristics of Drilled Shafts Socketed in Rocks

This paper presents a shear load transfer function and an analytical method for estimating the load transfer characteristics of rock-socketed drilled shafts subjected to axial loads. A shear load transfer (f–w) function of rock-socketed drilled shafts is proposed based on the constant normal stiffness (CNS) direct shear tests. It is presented in terms of the borehole roughness and the geological strength index (GSI) so that the structural discontinuities and the surface conditions of the rock mass can be considered. An analytical method that takes into account the coupled soil resistance effects is proposed using a modified Mindlin’s point load solution. Through comparisons with load test results, the proposed methodology is in good agreement with the general trend observed in in situ measurements and represents an improvement in the prediction of the shear behavior of rock-socketed drilled shafts.