钨-7-碘-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸络合吸附波研究及应用

在HCl-NaAc缓冲溶液中,钨-7-碘-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸在-0．62 V(vs． SCE)处有一灵敏的络合吸附波,钨的浓度在7．5×10-8-4．5×10-7 mol／L和4．5×10-7-1．1× 10-5 mol／L分段与峰高呈线性关系,检出限为2．5×10-8 mol／L,相关系数均大于0．999。用于合成样品中1．5×10-6 mol／L钨的测定,回收率为97．1％,5次测定的相对标准偏差为0．45％。     

新显色剂1-(2-咪唑偶氮)-2-萘酚-4-磺酸分光光度法测定铜

新显色剂1-(2-咪唑偶氮)-2-萘酚-4-磺酸在pH 3的介质中光度法测定Cu的摩尔吸光系数为1.94×10~4 L.mol~(-1).cm~(-1),络合物的组成为1:1,最大吸收在530nm,对比度△λ为120nm,表观稳定常数为6.96×10~6,Cu~(2+)在0～0.8μg/ml范围内遵守比尔定律,方法已用于镁介金及铁矿石中Cu的测定。     

2-[2′-(6-甲氧基-苯并噻唑)-偶氮]-1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二磺酸的合成及其与钛的显色反应

合成了新的杂环偶氮变色酸类试剂———２［２′（６甲氧基苯并噻唑）偶氮］１,８二羟基萘３,６二磺酸,并系统探讨了在ｐＨ４．５的邻苯二甲酸氢钾ＮａＯＨ介质中显色试剂与钛的显色反应特性。结果表明,在溴化十六烷基吡啶存在下,试剂与Ｔｉ（Ⅳ）形成２∶１的络合物,显色反应１５ｍｉｎ完全并至少稳定４ｈ,最大吸收波长为６７０ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数达１．６７×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１,钛的质量浓度在０～４００μｇ／Ｌ时符合比尔定律。用拟定的方法测定了硅砖等标准物质中的Ｔｉ（Ⅳ）,所得结果与标准值的相对误差均小于４％,ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝５）小于３．５％。     

2-（5-氯-2-吡啶偶氮）-5-二乙基氨基酚作络合滴定指示剂测定锌

对2-（5-氯-2-吡啶偶氨）-5-二乙基氨基酚（5-Cl-DEPAP）作锌的络合滴定指示剂进行了实验。在pH5．5的HAc—NaAc介质中，以5-Cl-DEPAP作指示剂，EDTA标准溶液滴定锌，溶液颜色由紫红色变为亮黄色，终点变化敏锐，易于观察，锌量在0-25mg与EDTA消耗量成正比。方法用于化学试剂和铝合金中锌的测定，5次测定的RSD小于0．1％。结果表明，5-Cl-DEPAP符合络合滴定对指示剂的基本要求，扩大了该试剂的应用范围。     

2-（2′-苯并噻唑偶氮）-7-（4-甲氧基偶氮）-1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二磺酸的合成及与铝的显色反应

合成一种新的显色剂2-(2′-苯并噻唑偶氮)-7-(4-甲氧基偶氮)-1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二磺酸(BTAMoPACA)。研究了试剂的结构和与A l(Ⅲ)的显色反应,结果表明:在pH为5.6~6.0的邻苯二甲酸氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲介质中,A l(Ⅲ)与BTAMoPACA及溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)形成1∶3∶1的三元络合物,其最大吸收波长为674 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=3.04×105L.mol-1.cm-1。络合反应在20 m in后趋向稳定,A l(Ⅲ)浓度在0~0.20mg/L符合比尔定律。拟定方法应用于实际样品中A l(Ⅲ)的测定,获得较满意的结果。     

1-(2-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯与铜的显色反应及应用

研究了新合成的１ － （２ － 羟基－ ３ ,５ － 二硝基苯基） － ３ － ［ ４ － （ 苯基偶氮） 苯基］ － 三氮烯（ ＨＤＮＰＡＰＴ） 试剂与铜的显色反应。在乳化剂ＯＰ存在下,ｐＨ１１ ．０ 的Ｎａ２Ｂ４ Ｏ７ － ＮａＯＨ 介质中,铜与ＨＤＮＰＡＰＴ 形成稳定的红色配合物,其组成比为１∶２ ,λｍ ａｘ ＝ ５４０ ｎ ｍ ,表观摩尔吸光系数ε５４０ ＝ １ ．７３ ×１０５ Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－ １·ｃｍ － １ ,铜的质量浓度在０ ～３６０ μｇ／ Ｌ符合比尔定律。方法应用于大米和面粉中微量铜的测定,结果与铜试剂法相符,５ 次测定的ＲＳＤ＜ ３ ％ 。     

2-（5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮）-5-二甲氨基苯胺分光光度法测定铜

研究了2 (5 硝基 2 吡啶偶氮) 5 二甲氨基苯胺(5 NO2 PADMA)与铜的显色反应。结果表明,在pH4.5的HAc NaAc介质中,Cu与5 NO2 PADMA形成1∶2的紫红色配合物,λmax=550nm,ε=3.24×104L·mol-1·cm-1,Cu的含量在0～1.4mg/L内符合比尔定律。方法经铝合金和矿样管理样品分析验证,结果与原结果相符,5次测定的RSD小于0.7%。     

4-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯光度法同时测定钴和钯

基于Co(Ⅱ)、Pd(Ⅱ)与4-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯(5-NO2-PADAB)在不同酸度介质中显色的差异,建立了差减法同时测定钴和钯的方法。在室温下,Co(Ⅱ)与5-NO2-PADAB仅能在pH 6.2~8.0定量反应,钴配合物形成后即非常稳定,加酸酸化后,其最大吸收波长由518 nm红移至580 nm,且灵敏度显著提高;而在强酸性介质中仅Pd(Ⅱ)与5-NO2-PADAB能发生显色反应,其最大吸收波长位于586 nm。在586 nm处,钴、钯配合物吸光度具有良好的加和性,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为1.28×105L.mol-1.cm-1和1.04×105L.mol-1.cm-1。钴、钯的浓度分别在0~0.48 mg/L和0~1.2 mg/L符合比尔定律。所拟方法已用于矿样中钴、钯的同时测定,结果与原子吸收法相符,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为1.6%和1.0%。     

1-（4-硝基苯基）-3-（3-硝基-5-氯吡啶）三氮烯的合成及其与锌的显色反应

报道了1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(3-硝基-5-氯吡啶)三氮烯(NPNCPDT)的合成及其与锌的显色反应研究。在Triton X-100存在下,pH 10.5的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,该试剂能与锌发生显色反应,锌与NPNCPDT形成摩尔比为1∶2的黄色配合物,在450 nm处有一最大正吸收,540 nm处有一最大负吸收。以450 nm为参比波长、540 nm为测量波长进行双波长测定,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.50×105L.mol-1.cm-1。锌量在0~480μg/L符合比尔定律。用拟定方法测定人发中的微量锌,方法精密度小于2.5%(RSD,n=6)。     

新显色剂5-(5-氟-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯的合成及其与钯的显色反应

合成并用红外光谱和元素分析鉴定了氟代吡啶偶氮氨类新试剂5-(5-氟-2-吡啶偶氮)-2,4-二氨基甲苯(5-F-PADAT),并研究了该试剂与钯显色的反应。结果表明,在0.32~3.84 mol/L高氯酸溶液中,试剂与钯形成1∶1的紫红色络合物,其最大吸收峰位于566 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为4.84×104L.mol-1.cm-1,钯的浓度在0~2000μg/L符合比耳定律。方法选择性好,大量常见金属离子不干扰钯的测定,操作简单,应用于矿样和催化剂中微量钯的测定,结果与原子吸收光谱法相符。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

环境地球化学研究近十年若干新进展

环境地球化学学科在中国生态文明和美丽中国建设、国际环境公约履约及过去全球变化研究中发挥着越来越大的作用.本文简要回顾了中国过去十年在环境地球化学领域的部分研究进展,介绍了汞、持久性有机污染物和其他重金属污染物长距离传输研究进展;总结了汞、镉、锑、铊等非传统稳定同位素在地表生物地球化学循环过程中的同位素分馏规律及污染来源...     

MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界中的应用

该文介绍了土地勘测定界的专业背景知识及MapSUV的相关信息,阐述了MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界的应用,以及外业获取数据及内业处理的主要工作方法,最后对该系统在土地勘测定界中的应用前景进行了展望。