小笠原1982年7月4日深震震源参数的确定

对利用全波理论地震图确定震源参数的方法进行研究，在原有的计算程序的基础上，增加了有限移动源效应，以确定破裂面；研究了理论合成地震图“时间窗”的选取及理论合成地震图起始的选取，使其更适用于震源研究。利用世界台网数字化记录，采用ＰＲＥＭ地球模型，确定小笠原１９８２年７月４日深震震源参数。结果表明，震源破裂面的倾向为Ｎ７５°Ｅ，倾角为１７°，走向为３４５°，接近Ｗａｄｉｔｉ－Ｂｅｎｉｏｆｆ带的走向，形成小倾角的正断层。震源破裂的结果有使介质沿水平方向伸展的趋势。     

小笠原1982年7月4日深震震源参数的研究

对利用全波理论地震图确定震源参数的方法进行研究，在原有的计算程序的基础上，增加了有限移动源效应，以确定破裂面；研究了理论合成地震图“时间窗”的选取及理论合成地震图起始的选了，使其更适用于震源研究。利用世界台网数字化记录，采用ＰＲＥＭ地球模型，确定小笠原１９８２年７月４日深震震源数。结果表明，震源破裂面的倾向为Ｎ７５°Ｅ，倾角１７°，走向为３４５°，接近Ｗａｄｉｔｉ－Ｂｅｎｉｏｆｆ带的走向，形成小倾     

朝鲜半岛及黄海板内地震的体波分析

本文研究了朝鲜半岛及黄海板内４次中强度浅震，求出它们的震源机制、震源深度、震源时间函数及地震矩。结是要发现，用短周期合成地震图与观测结果对比求得的震源深度是很浅的，在６－９ｋｍ之间。为了测定震源机制、震源时间函数及地震矩，我们根据ＧＤＳＮ资料反演了远震长周期Ｐ与ＳＨ波。反演虽仅依据少数远震体波作出，但矩张量的辐射图形与在近震及远震距离上观测到的大多数Ｐ波初动方向一致。相对振幅及波形在观测结果与合成     

震源区和接收区结构不同情况下体波合成地震图的矩阵-射线方法

本文进一步扩展了合成地震图的广义射线方法.由于算法中将地球模型划分成震源区、接收区和地幔区,因此可用于计算震源区与接收区速度结构不同时的体波合成地震图.新算法把广义射线理论与传播矩阵理论结合起来,并采用了分层Q值模型,从而可以自动包括指定介质层内所有多次波的混响.为简便数据准备,设计了射线编码自动生成算法. 本文算法与Kind扩展的反射率法用相同的地球模型进行了数值结果对比,结果表明,矩阵-射线方法用于计算体波地震图时,不但有足够好的精度,而且还具有速度快并适于单个震相研究的优点.在计算由10个接收点组成的地震剖面时,其计算时间仅为反射率法的7％左右.     

震源区和接收区结构不同情况下体波合成地震图的矩阵-射线方法

本文进一步扩展了合成地震图的广义射线方法.由于算法中将地球模型划分成震源区、接收区和地幔区,因此可用于计算震源区与接收区速度结构不同时的体波合成地震图.新算法把广义射线理论与传播矩阵理论结合起来,并采用了分层Q值模型,从而可以自动包括指定介质层内所有多次波的混响.为简便数据准备,设计了射线编码自动生成算法. 本文算法与Kind扩展的反射率法用相同的地球模型进行了数值结果对比,结果表明,矩阵-射线方法用于计算体波地震图时,不但有足够好的精度,而且还具有速度快并适于单个震相研究的优点.在计算由10个接收点组成的地震剖面时,其计算时间仅为反射率法的7％左右.     

利用sPn震相测定柴达木盆地地震的震源深度

利用青海省遥测地震台网的观测记录,对比分析震相特征,提取出了两次地震记录的sPn震相,并分别推导出单、双层地壳模型下的震源深度公式,计算了两次地震事件的震源深度。为验证计算结果的可靠性,利用滑动窗互相关技术进行对比,两者计算出的震源深度相差1.0 km。但分析相关系数图后,认为由于地震震级较小,滑动窗法在识别sPn震相时存在误差,误差修正后得出的结果与人工识别计算的结果一致。     

“1980—1984年新疆地震目录”即将出版

1980—1984年新疆地震目录于1989年10月12日—14日在北京通过鉴定。目录使用移植修改后的新疆地震定位程序和新疆分区速度模型,改进了定位方法,提高了精度。地震条目数量更完备,有79.8％的地震可计算震源深度,给出了新疆震源深度分布概况。定位参数中达到Ⅰ、Ⅱ类精度的地震约占63％,有80％的地震用计算机定位给出标准误差及定位台数等技     

体波谱振幅相关系数计算程序的开发与实现

序列地震的体波谱振幅相关系数是地震序列震后快速判定的重要依据.体波谱振幅相关系数计算程序是在地震序列发生后,读取其地震波形数据,快速计算其相关系数,绘制滑动相关系数的时序图或聚类图,判定震源机制一致性程度,为地震序列的震后判定提供依据.     

矩形和钟形震源时间函数对地震动模拟结果的影响比较

首先介绍了用于地震动数值模拟的国际通用软件COMPSYN程序,并对此进行了二次开发,将其震源时间函数由矩形函数改为钟形函数,通过与全空间的解析解计算结果的对比,验证了修改后程序的正确性。通过对比2种震源时间函数的频谱特点,指出矩形函数的高频成分丰富,不利于地震动的模拟。2种震源时间函数下用COMPSYN程序对同一观测点地震动模拟的结果表明,矩形函数模拟的时程出现＂振铃＂和＂锯齿＂现象,且随截止频率的增加而加重,影响了对模拟地震图的识别,而钟形函数模拟的时程较为平滑,说明采用钟形函数进行地震动数值模拟是比较合理的。     

一种近场理论地震图的Haskell矩阵算法

本文提出一种适于层状介质内点源模型的近场理论地震图算法,采用的位移表达式由Has kell矩阵的分解形式和离散波数积分组成。文中还出一起计算若干不同深度震源的近场理论地震图时的简便算法。这样,由本文的点源模型模拟复杂地震震源过程时可免去大量的审复计算。为检验算法功能,文中还给出了与文献[12]的数值计算的对比结果。     

The optimum source－time function for generating finite－difference synthetic seismograms

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较复杂介质波场计算中的一种透射边界

传统的人工边界是在声波或弹性波分解为内行和外行分量的基础上设计的.对于较复杂的介质模型（如粘弹介质、弹塑介质、塑性介质模型等）,地震波不能简单地分解为各自满足其运动方程的纵波、横波等成分,且地震波在传播过程中还有衰减现象,因此传统的人工边界已不能有效地用于非弹性的较复杂介质的波场模拟.本文提出了一种适合于更一般的地震模型的波场计算的透射边界条件,并以粘弹介质的一个较简单的二维几何模型为例,通过有限元数值求解这种透射边界和刚性边界下粘弹波的激发和传播,得到地面合成地震记录,证明了这种透射边界用于较复杂介质波场计算是可行的.     

Cross-correlation Coefficients for the Study of Repeating Earthquakes: An Investigation of Two Empirical Assumptions/Conventions in Seismological Interpretation Practice

For the identification and analysis of ‘repeating earthquakes,’ there are two empirical concepts. The first is the assumption that the cross-correlation coefficient of the filtered seismograms of closely spaced ‘repeaters’ depends exponentially on the inter-event separation distance. The second is the convention that in processing regional seismograms, a 0.5–5.0-Hz band pass filter is used. In this article, using a simple layered structure model, we investigated the cross-correlation coefficient of the filtered synthetic seismograms of two closely located events, that is, a ‘doublet.’ We investigated the relation between the cross-correlation coefficient and the inter-event separation distance. Simulation shows that in the 0.5–5.0-Hz frequency band, even if for simple synthetic seismograms without considering lateral heterogeneity or scattering, the exponential dependence is only a first order approximation concept. To check the frequency dependence of the cross-correlation coefficient, we analyzed a group of seismograms of a ‘multiplet’ in Xiuyan, Liaoning, northeast China, recorded by the Regional Seismographic Network of Liaoning Province. The cross-correlation coefficients were observed to be relatively stable against frequency for the 0.5–5.0-Hz frequency band.     

A cloud-based synthetic seismogram generator implemented using Windows Azure

Synthetic seismograms generated by solving the seismic wave equation using numerical methods are being widely used in seismology. For fully three-dimensional seismic structure models, the generation of these synthetic seismograms may require large amount of computing resources. Conventional high-performance computer clusters may not provide a cost-effective solution to this type of applications. The newly emerging cloud-computing platform provides an alternative solution. In this paper, we describe our implementation of a synthetic seismogram generator based on the reciprocity principle using the Windows Azure cloud application framework. Our preliminary experiment shows that our cloud-based synthetic seismogram generator provides a cost-effective and numerically efficient approach for computing synthetic seismograms based on the reciprocity principle.     

频率域中的合成地震记录

波动理论的合成地震记录是地震资料处理和解释中的重要研究课题。 目前,制作波动理论的合成记录主要是用Trorey的克希霍夫方法,正在研究的有有限差分法和有限元素法。本文提出一种新的方法,在频率域中制作波动理论的合成记录,给出了与克希霍夫绕射波方程等价的频率域中的绕射波方程。在国产DJS-11型计算机上,应用两种绕射波方程实现了合成地震记录,并且进行了比较,认为频率域方法是有效的,可以用于波动方程偏移和地震资料解释,进一步工作有可能获得多层变速模型的波动理论记录。     

基于频率-慢度域叠前地震记录的合成与并行方法研究

正演模拟是叠前弹性波反演的基础.采用慢度法计算层状介质的叠前地震记录,分别对频率和慢度进行积分变换得到时-空域的地震道集,并对在慢度积分过程中产生的计算噪音提出了解决方案.为得到高精度合成地震记录,需将地层细分,但地层层数很多时,计算量较大;而对地层粗分虽然会大大加快运算速度,但合成记录会丢失很多信息,文中给出了地层的划分原则.该方法能够计算出包括转换波和多次反射在内的全地震响应.但在提高合成记录精度的同时,也导致计算量增大、计算效率降低,因此,本文对基于慢度法全波场模拟进行了并行算法设计,采用计算域分割、工作池并行技术,建立了慢度法全波场正演模拟的并行算法,使得弹性波正演问题求解更加高效,为充分利用叠前地震资料进行叠前反演提供了研究基础.     

Application of the edge wave superposition method

Numerical examples of high-frequency synthetic seismograms of body waves in a 2-D layered medium with complex interfaces (faults, wedges, curvilinear, corrugated) are presented. The wave field modeling algorithm combines the possibilities of the ray method and the edge wave superposition method. This approach preserves all advantages of the ray method and eliminates restrictions related to diffraction by boundary edges and to caustic effects in singular regions. The method does not require two-point ray tracing (source-to-receiver), and the position of the source, as well as the type of source, and the position of receivers can be chosen arbitrarily. The memory and the time required for synthetic seismogram computation are similar to ray synthetic seismograms. The computation of the volume of the medium (the Fresnel volume or Fresnel zones), which gives the essential contribution to the wave field, is included in the modeling program package. In the case of complicated irregular interface (or a layered medium with a regular ray field at the last interface), the method displays a high accuracy of wave field computation. Otherwise, the method can be considered a modification of the ray method with regularization by the superposition of edge waves.     

Influence of focal mechanism on shape of isoseismals: Irpinia earthquake of November 23, 1980

With the use of complete synthetic seismograms for the SH component of motion we have constructed theoretical isoseismals. We have assumed a double-couple point source as determined from first arrivals of P waves. Lateral heterogeneities around the source were also considered. In fact, the crustal part of the model used to compute synthetic seismograms to the west of the Bradano foretrough was significantly different from the one used to synthesize seismograms to the east of the foretrough. Even with such a simple approach, the comparison between theoretical and experimental data is surprisingly good, indicating that the isoseismals' elongation, parallel to the Apennines, depends mainly upon the fault orientation, while the effect of local structures introduces relatively small perturbations in the radiation pattern.Publication n. 198 Istituto di Geodesia e Geofisica-Trieste.     

SEISMOGRAM SYNTHESIS AND RECOMPRESSION OF DISPERSIVE IN-SEAM SEISMIC MULTIMODE DATA USING A NORMAL-MODE SUPERPOSITION APPROACH

In spite of a geometrical rotation into radial and transverse parts, two- or three-component in-seam seismic data used for underground fault detection often suffer from the problem of overmoding ‘noise’. Special recompression filters are required to remove this multimode dispersion so that conventional reflection seismic data processing methods, e.g. CMP stacking techniques, can be applied afterwards. A normal-mode superposition approach is used to design such multimode recompression filters. Based on the determination of the Green's function in the far-field, the normal-mode superposition approach is usually used for the computation of synthetic single- and multi-mode (transmission) seismograms for vertically layered media. From the filter theory's point of view these Green's functions can be considered as dispersion filters which are convolved with a source wavelet to produce the synthetic seismograms. Thus, the design of multimode recompression filters can be reduced to a determination of the inverse of the Green's function. Two methods are introduced to derive these inverse filters. The first operates in the frequency domain and is based on the amplitude and phase spectrum of the Green's function. The second starts with the Green's function in the time domain and calculates two-sided recursive filters. To test the performance of the normal-mode superposition approach for in-seam seismic problems, it is first compared and applied to synthetic finite-difference seismograms of the Love-type which include a complete solution of the wave equation. It becomes obvious that in the case of one and two superposing normal modes, the synthetic Love seam-wave seismograms based on the normal-mode superposition approach agree exactly with the finite-difference data if the travel distance exceeds two dominant wavelengths. Similarly, the application of the one- and two-mode recompression filters to the finite-difference data results in an almost perfect reconstruction of the source wavelet already two dominant wavelengths away from the source. Subsequently, based on the dispersion analysis of an in-seam seismic transmission survey, the normal-mode superposition approach is used both to compute one- and multi-mode synthetic seismograms and to apply one- and multimode recompression filters to the field data. The comparison of the one- and two-mode synthetic seismograms with the in-seam seismic transmission data reveals that arrival times, duration and shape of the wavegroups and their relative excitation strengths could well be modelled by the normal-mode superposition approach. The one-mode recompressions of the transmission seismograms result in non-dispersive wavelets whose temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio could clearly be improved. The simultaneous two-mode recompressions of the underground transmission data show that, probably due to band-limitation, the dispersion characteristics of the single modes could not be evaluated sufficiently accurately from the field data in the high-frequency range. Additional techniques which overcome the problem of band-limitation by modelling all of the enclosed single-mode dispersion characteristics up to the Nyquist frequency will be mandatory for future multimode applications.     

理论地震图计算方法

近二十多年来,随着理论地震学和计算技术的发展,理论地震图的计算技术有了飞速发展.目前已能对不同的介质模型和震源计算各种体波、面波、地球自由震荡和静态位移场.它们在研究天然地震震源过程、地球内部结构、近场强地面运动、核爆作监测以及地震勘探等领域中发挥了越来越大的作用. 目前常用的理论地震图计算方法主要包括积分变换法、离散数值方法和射线方法几大类.本文对这些方法分类进行了简单介绍,并评论了各种方法的特点和各自的适用范围.