大气激发和观测极移之间的转换变化分析

本文采用１９８４－１９９２年期间日本气象厅（ＪＡＭ）推算出的大气激发函数序列（χ１，χ２），和美国喷气推进实验室（ＪＰＬ）提供的Ｓｐａｃ３极坐标序理经过反卷积而的测地激发函数（ψ１，ψ２）进行了比较。同时也比较了极移（ｘ，ｙ）和从大气激发序列归算出（经过卷积）激发极移（ｍ１，ｍ２）     

不同频段上极移,日长变化与大气角动量变化激发结果的比较

本文用ＪＭＡ大气角动量序列计算了对极移和日长变化的激发量（ｍ＇１、ｍ＇２和ｍ＇３），并分三个频段与天文观测得到的地球自转参数序列（ｍ１、ｍ２和ｍ３）进行了比较．结果表明：在钱德勒和季节性频段上，大气运动确实是固体地球自转变化的主要激发源．     

大气对极移的非季节性激发贡献

本文对由高精度的极移资（Ｓｐａｃｅ９３序列）所推导出的测地激发函数和由日本气象局（ＪＭＡ）提供的大气激发函数中的非季节性波动进行了研究，在两个序列中都显示出较强的４０－６０天的波动．在非季节性的时间尺度上，测地激发函数相关于大气压力变化，与与的相关系数分别为０．４４和０．５８，这表明了大气角动量对极移中ｙ轴方向的非季节性变化的影响稍大于ｘ轴方向．而且，大气和测地激发函数尤其在Ｘ２方面具有较相似的时间变化谱．这些事实说明：极移的非季节振荡至少部分地由气压变化所引起，它在１４０天以下周期的极移激发中起了一定的作用．     

大气和极移的高频变化比较

采用从1988－1999年的现代技术测定的高精度极移序列EOP（IERS97C04）推导出激发函数χ^m）和美国国家环境预测中心和美国国家大气研究中心（CNEP／NCAR）提供的大气角动量激发函数χp和χib^p，使用几种数据分析方法，分析了大气对极移高频振荡（12－42cpy)激发贡献，复数小波变换和功率谱分析表明，χ^m和χ^p序列在高频段内呈现比较强的谱峰，它们具有相似的谱特征，比较而言，χib^p在这个频率段内比χ^p要弱些，χ^m和χ^p之间的相关系数分别为0．75（逆向）和0．6（顺向），两个序列之间的平方相关谱的估计值分别在0．5－0．9之间（负频）和0．4－0．6（正频），相位谱表明χ^p(AAM)超前x^m一天左右，这些大气是极移高频变化的主要激发源，特别是在逆向运动上具有更大的贡献，由于它们之间位相差和振幅变化的不稳定性，说明可能存在AAM以外的其他激发源，这个问题有待进一步深入研究。χ     

极移和激发的研究

极称可分为长期极移，钱德勒摆动（CW），周年极移（AN），不规则极移和短周期极移，由于极移运动对不同频率的激发响应是不同的，采用反卷积方法将极移序列进行了分析，对各类极移运动与激发的关系作了对比研究，认为周年极移与激发是逐年不同的，若能将它们逐年进行比较，将会对气象模型提供更好的约束条件，不规则极移可能反映了地球上较大规模的异常气象现象。     

极移的半年振荡和大气激发的贡献

本文采用国际地球自转服务（IERS）测定的均匀极坐标序列及日本气象局（JMA）提供的大气激发函数赤道分量而求得的激发极移序列来研究它们的半年振荡变化。两种序列进行了比较，相关估计给出x相对于m1的相关系数为0.69，y相对于m2的相关系数为0.52。因此，我们认为大气质量角动量赤道分量对极移半年项有一部分贡献。这些影响表现在x轴方向稍强于y轴方向。结果表明：观测极移和激发极移的半年振荡的周期及振幅都是随时间而变化的。     

大气对地球自转参数（ERP）的高频激发

本文采用１９８３—１９９２年期间由空间大地测量技术观测和归算的地球自转参数（ＥＲＰ）序列，以及由全球气象资料归算的大气角动量（ＡＡＭ）序列，分析和研究了大气对地球自转参数的日长变化（ＬＯＤ）和极移（ｘ和ｙ）在一个月时间尺度以内的高频激发作用，得到的主要结果如下：１大气对ＬＯＤ分量高频潮汐的估计值存在着影响，但是，潮汐形变参数ｋ／ｃ随时间和频率的变化却是受非大气因素的扰动引起的．２．大气可以解释３０天以下ＬＯＤ非潮汐的大部分变化．３．极移分量３０天以内的高频变化也主要由大气激发．ｘ分量与大气的相关性要强于ｙ分量，而且更为稳定，主要表现为平均时间尺度约为２７天的波动，大气对这个波动的贡献可达７０％．     

地球自转极移近120天准周期变化的小波分析及其大气激发机制

本文利用小波变换这一新的频谱分析方法研究了地球自转极移近１２０天准周期变化的时频特征，证实了在极移序列中存在显著的近１２０天准周期振荡，得到了极移准周期变化的周期与振幅随时间变化的规律．以地球自转动力学为基础，在时域内分析了大气变化对自转极移季节内变化的激发．表明大气激发在本文所研究的频段内是极移短周期变化的主要激发源。并发现在极移近１２０天准周期振荡平静时期，发生ＥＬＮｉｎｏ事件，同时日长变化近１２０天准周期变化增强．     

全球地表水储量再分布对周年极移的激发

利用全球降水和蒸发观测同化资料以及国际大气模式比较计划和国际大气海洋耦合模式比较计划中的陆面过程数值模式，计算比较了地表水储量角动量变化对周年极移的激发，分析结果表明基于3种资料的地表水储量角动量变化对极移周年正向频率的激发约占大气周年正向激发的10%至25%，研究结果尽管显示大气，海洋和地表水的综合周年正向激发与极移测地周年正向激发十分相近，鉴于海洋角动量数值分析的差异和目前对全球水循环观测的水准以及对水循环平衡问题有限的理解，仍然期待更为客观的全球海洋，陆面动力过程和数值分析方法用于完善全球地表水储量变化对周年极移激发的研究。     

全球海洋对极移周年运动的激发

目前海洋对极移季节变化的激发尚未得到合理的定量结果.许多研究已经表明大气运动是极移季节变化最大的激发源,海洋运动是剩余部分最主要的激发源之一.利用新一代SODA海洋同化资料(SODA_1.4.2和SODA_1.4.3)以及ECCO海洋同化资料,深入研究了1992—2004年全球海洋对极移周年变化的激发以及激发随纬度的分布.结果表明,SODA海洋激发的季节变化与从测地激发函数中扣除大气、陆地水作用剩余部分的季节变化在所研究的大部分时段非常接近,二者的周年振幅和位相结果基本相当.此外,与早期SODA_Beta 7的结果比较,新一代的SODA海洋激发有了明显改善.SODA和ECCO海洋对极移周年激发的纬度分布,在格林威治方向上比较一致;在东经90°方向上有明显的差别.     

Temporal Variations in the Second-Degree Stokes Tesseral Geopotential Coefficients from Topex/Poseidon Altimetry

The TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) altimetry data set covering the periodof January 1, 1993 to January 3, 2001 was used to derive monthlyseries of the second-degree tesseral geopotential coefficients.To account for the sea water temperature variations, rathersimple models have been devised and discussed, describinglocalized as well as areal variations of sea water temperatureand heights. The second-degree tesseral coefficients have alsobeen shown to be proportional to the pressureportions of the oceanic equatorial effective excitation functions,used in Ocean Angular Momentum (OAM) data. OAM datatogether with Atmospheric Angular Momentum (AAM) data canbe used to study observed polar motion (PM) series.The excess PM rates, derived from the T/P effective excitationfunctions, were compared to the corresponding observed PM rates,derived from the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS)Bulletin A and corrected with AAM also obtainedfrom IERS. The noise of the T/P derived PM rate series was foundto be significantly larger than the corresponding Bulletin A/AAMPM rate residuals as well as the PM rates derived from anindependent OAM series that was also available for the1993–2000 period.     

Excitation of Annual Polar Motion by the Pacific,Atlantic and Indian Oceans

The global oceans play important roles in exciting the annual polar motion besides the atmosphere. However,it is still unclear about how large the regional oceans contribute to the annual polar motion. We investigate systemically the contributions of the Pacific,Atlantic and Indian Oceans to the excitation of the annual polar motion,based on the output data of ocean current velocity field and ocean bottom pressure field from "Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO)" ocean circulation model over the period 1993-2005. The result shows that due to its particular location and shape,the Atlantic Ocean makes a less significant contribution to the x-component of the annual polar motion excitation than the Pacific and Indian Oceans,while all these three oceans contribute to the y-component of the annual polar motion excitation to some extent.     

地极移动的非线性动力机制

用非线性动力学原理和非线性振动方法,结合Chandler摆动的时间序列反演,证实了Chandler摆动的衰减能量是由周年激发的非线性共振所补充的．由高布锡归算的ILS参数,按共振激发模型反演出的Chandler摆动衰减指数和频率品质因数等结果,符合已有的大量基本结论,反演出的非齐次项的强迫频率基本都在周年频率的周围．非线性共振模型还表明,Chandler频率的不稳定性是由于存在频率转换和漂移,摆动振幅的不稳定性是由于存在共振跳跃,非线性的存在还将引出组合共振频率．同时用推广的最小公倍数证实和频差频的存在,提供了非整数的最小公倍数算法,为数论的非线性推广和在天文中的应用提供了工具．     

Excitation of Annual Polar Wobble by Global Oceans

A reasonable and quantitative result on the variation of polar wobble excited by the oceans is not available at present. Numerous researches have shown that atmospheric motion is the greatest excitation source for the seasonal variations in the polar wobble and that oceanic motion is one of the main remaining excitation sources. The excitation of variation in the annual polar wobble caused by oceans from 1992 to 2004 both globally and in latitude dependence, have been studied in depth by means of the new generation of SODA oceanic data assimilation (SODA-1.4.2 and SODA-1.4.3) and the ECCO oceanic data assimilation. The result shows that the variation in the seasonal polar wobble excited by the SODA oceans is very close to that of the residual after the action of the atmosphere and land water is deducted from the geodesic excitation function for a large part of the investigated time interval, and that there is overall agreement between the two as regards the annual amplitude and phase. In addition, in comparison with the result of early SODA-Bata 7, the new generation of SODA oceanic excitation has achieved obvious improvements. The latitude distributions of the excitations of the annual polar wobble by the SODA and ECCO oceans are consistent in the Greenwich direction, while having obvious differences in the direction of 90° E.     

Contribution of the atmosphere to the seasonal changes in earth's rotation

Using new data of atmospheric angular momentum for the period 1975–1995, the contributions of the atmosphere to the changes in LCD and polar motion on the seasonal time scale are investigated. The results show that, when the effects of wind and atmospheric pressure are considered, the atmosphere's contribution on the annual and semi-annual time scales may reach, respectively, 95% and 88%. We also give some quantitative results of the atmosphere's excitation of polar motion. On the annual time scale, the contribution to the X-component of polar motion is 16% and that to the Y-component is 43%. On the semi-annual time scale, the contributions to the X- and Y-components are, respectively, 9% and 30%. From the above results, it is clear that the contribution of the ocean should also be included in a more complete solution of the problem of excitation of the earth's rotation.     

Excitation of polar motion by earthquake displacement field

We discuss the excitation of polar motion by earthquake displacement field. Instead of the usual static equilibrium equations in the literature, we use an improved set as given in /1/, which guarantee continuity at the core-mantle boundary. We take the parameter values of three earthquakes from /2/.To obviate the singularity at r = 0, we use asymptotic solutions by power series within a small sphere around the centre. Outisde this sphere, the equations are numerically integrated by the Runge-Kutta algorithm. Our equations /1/ gave polar shifts some 3 times larger than Dahlen's equations /2/.     

IGS′92联测期间地极坐标的高频波动

本文分析了ＩＧＳ＇９２联测期间七个ＧＰＳ数据处理中心提供的极坐标序列。通过谱分析、最小二乘拟合和Ｆ检验，表明在这些序列中存在一些共同的高频波动：在Ｘ方向上具有２７．０，１６．５，１３．４和１０．４天的周期，在Ｙ方向上的波动周期约为２０．５，１５．８和１０．０天。并且每个序列与ＥＯＰ（ＩＥＲＳ）９２Ｃ０４之间都存在一个系统差。计算与分析表明，这些系统偏离的主要原因是由于在用ＧＰＳ资料解算Ｘ、Ｙ时，不同分析中心采用了不同系统的台站坐标（或者说只有部分台站采用了固定的台站坐标），从而造成这些序列所在的参考架与ＩＴＲＦ９１之间存在一个平移和旋转。最后，计算了该期间的大气角动量激发函数，可部分地解释该期间的Ｘ、Ｙ高频波动的原因。     

Motion of the Earth's inner core and related variations of polar motion and the rotational velocity

Correlations between the geomagnetic field parameters and polar motion were explained using the hypothesis of an inner core motion. For a number of periodic constituents of both phenomena it could be proved that this model works well. Secular variations of polar motion caused by inner core dynamics are in the same order of magnitude as the secular variation of the pole derived from pole coordinates of the International Latitude Service (ILS).