多余观测分量与可靠性度量指标研究

讨论了相关观测值与非相关观测值的多余观测分量值域问题；论证了相关观测值的多余观测分量与内可靠性指标的不一致性；进一步研究了可靠性指标的应用问题，认为当观测值的复相关系数不同时，应同时考虑内、外可靠性指标；最后，以ＧＰＳ准动态测量为例作了分析。     

观测有效性的度量方法

基于Hilbert空间理论,通过对观测方程的系数阵实施格拉姆-施密特(Gram-Schmidt,G-S)正交化过程,分析观测的两个特性,从一个新的角度论证了参数估计的必要观测问题,以及多余观测与必要观测的关系;用欧氏范数‖·‖2和Frobenius‖·‖_F范数作为基本度量工具对观测提供参数估计的信息量进行度量分析,研究观测的有效性和参数估计的可靠性。采用观测空间分析方法研究了测绘学科中必要观测、多余观测等基本概念;提出了观测信息量、观测有效性的概念和相应的度量方法;从观测的空间结构出发分析参数估计系统的可靠性,从一个侧面扩展和丰富了测绘学中的可靠性理论;丰富了研究测绘学中一些基本问题的分析方法,也为信息学中的数据挖掘问题提供了一种分析思路。     

多余观测分量与可靠性度量指标研究

讨论了相关观测值与非相关观测值的多余观测分量值域问题;论证了相关观测值的多余观测分量与内可靠性指标的不一致性;进一步研究了可靠性指标的应用问题,认为当观测值的复相关系数不同时,应同时考虑内、外可靠性指标;最后,以GPS准动态测量为例作了分析。     

几何大地测量手段反演地球动力学问题时变形观测值的定权方法

本文从系统论的角度分析了目前几何大地测量手段反演地球动力学问题时变形观测值定权方法的不合理性,进而在严格区分变形的可靠性,观测值的可靠性及变形观测量的可靠性这三个新概念的基础上,运用地球物理场信息或地质分析方法重构了反映变形可靠性的重构量,分析了同时顾及变形的可靠性与变形观测值误差进行变形观测值标准化定权的可行性及定权方法,最后用模拟试验说明本文的论点。     

Galileo组合观测值的研究

根据即将投入使用的Galileo卫星特点,重点阐述了在保持模糊度为整数的前提下,几组具有良好特性的相位组合观测值,对有关误差作了分析:推导出能使对流层偏差和电离层偏差分别为零的两组相位组合观测值,并对有关误差作了分析.     

GPS组合观测值理论及应用

本文首先论述了ＧＰＳ组合观测值的一般定义，并对误差影响进行分析，然后讨论了几种特殊的组合观测值及特性，最后探讨了这些组合观测值的可能应用，给出了对实测数据的处理结果及分析，并得出几点结论。     

变形监测网的可靠性度量

本文根据变形监测网的特点，讨论了监测网的可靠性问题，与常现大地网不同，得到的外可靠性是变形参数的影响度量，最后，以实例加以讨论分析．结果表明，本文导出的公式适于在监测网的设计和评价中应用。     

GPS & Galileo相位组合观测值模型研究

在保持组合模糊度整周特性的前提下,探讨了不同卫星间的相位观测值组合问题,包括系统内和系统间卫星的相位观测值组合.重点研究了GPS与Galileo卫星的相位组合观测值模型,对组合观测值的误差影响进行了详细分析.最后通过大量的计算得出了若干具有良好特性的相位组合观测值,并给出了一种新的组合观测值选取标准.     

相关观测情况的可靠性研究

可靠性是测量网优化设计和数据质量控制要考虑的重要因素之一。在独立观测情况,测量网的可靠性可用多余度（或称多余观测分量）来表示,多余度越小,该余度越小,该观测位置的可靠性越差,但在相关观测情况,多余度的值域超出（０,１）区间,已不能可靠性特征。本文建议采用一种新的可靠性度量指标：ｒｉ＝（ＰＲ）ｉｉ／Ｐｉｉ,其中Ｐ是观测权阵,Ｒ是平差因子阵。ｒｉ的值域在一种新的可靠性度量指标;ｒｉ＝（ＰＲ）ｉｉ／ｐｉ     

A TEST FOR THE RELIABILITY OF TRIGONOMETRICAL OBSERVATIONS

Abstract

I should like to reply to the Editor's comments on the above article, published in the E.S.R., v, 34, 226 (October 1939).     

A TEST FOR THE RELIABILITY OF FIRST-ORDER TRIGONOMETRICAL OBSERVATIONS

Abstract

Generally speaking there is a tendency for observations to be judeged by the magnitudes of the triangular errors, although the misclosures of the side equations are equally important. This note explains how to formulate a compehensive criterion covering the two types of misclosure and given in terms of the mean traingular ? _m for which definite limits are usually laid down.     

ON THE ELIMINATION OF THE ERRORS OF PAIRING AZIMUTH OBSERVATIONS

Abstract

The perfect pairing of east and west observations for azimuth, put briefly, should consist of combinations of simultaneous observations of stars of the same altitude and of the same declination. Needless to say, this is a counsel of perfection, and in practice the surveyor has usually to rely on some sort of an approximation to this ideal. It is only on very rare occasions that the necessary time is available and the atmospheric conditions favourable enough to obtain this perfect harmony of observations. Assuming that the latitude of the azimuth station and the atmospheric refraction are accurately known, the necessity of pairing would not arise, and the grouping of the observations into two sets of east and west stars with a varying discrepancy between the members of the individual pairs would be quite unnecessary. In general one might say, when an azimuth observation is taken, neither the latitude nor the atmospheric refraction is known accurately, and the question arises as to whether there is any simple method of eliminating or reducing these two causes of error.     

ON THE MEASURE OF DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL ACCURACY

In digital terrain model (DTM) production, one important concern is the accuracy and a comprehensive measure of DTM accuracy is of significance. In this paper, the existing measures are evaluated; the potential measures are also discussed and, finally, a more comprehensive measure is recommended.     

GPS载波相位三频组合观测值的模型研究

介绍了GPS现代化,在GPS三频相位组合定义基础上,分析了组合后的误差影响,给出了组合观测值在波长、电离层误差等方面的选取标准,提出了一系列典型的组合及可能的应用.     

THE REJECTION OF OUTLYING OBSERVATIONS

Abstract

The object of this article is to help surveyors and computers to decide whether one of several measurements of the same quantity ought to be rejected or not. No new theories are developed, but some explanation is given as t9 how the mathematical theory of statistics may be applied to measurements made in surveying.     

GALILEO试验星GIOVE—A信号质量分析

介绍了GIOVE-A卫星信号,分析了GIOVE-A卫星信号质量;与GPS CA码信号质量进行了比较。