Estimation of the Ionospheric Effects of Geomagnetic Disturbances Based on Data from Wakkanai Station

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Ionosonde measurements of the critical frequency of the ionospheric F2 layer (foF2) at Wakkanai station (Japan) are analyzed with the method of superposed epochs. The...     

Possible Short-Term Precursors of Strong Crustal Earthquakes in Japan based on Data from the Ground Stations of Vertical Ionospheric Sounding

We have studied changes in the ionosphere prior to strong crustal earthquakes with magnitudes of М ≥ 6.5 based on the data from the ground-based stations of vertical ionospheric sounding Kokobunji, Akita, and Wakkanai for the period 1968–2004. The data are analyzed based on hourly measurements of the virtual height and frequency parameters of the sporadic E layer and critical frequency of the regular F2 layer over the course of three days prior to the earthquakes. In the studied intervals of time before all earthquakes, anomalous changes were discovered both in the frequency parameters of the Es and F2 ionospheric layers and in the virtual height of the sporadic E layer; the changes were observed on the same day at stations spaced apart by several hundred kilometers. A high degree of correlation is found between the lead-time of these ionospheric anomalies preceding the seismic impact and the magnitude of the subsequent earthquakes. It is concluded that such ionospheric disturbances can be short-term ionospheric precursors of earthquakes.     

Fast Ionospheric Dynamics during a Substorm from Vertical and Oblique Sounding Data

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Synchronous studies have been conducted on the high-latitude ionosonde at Sodankyulä station and the low-latitude ionosonde in Cyprus Island, as well as on two...     

利用地基GPS观测数据研究与地震有关的电离层异常

利用中国大陆GPS连续站观测数据, 根据电离层单层模型, 计算得到中国大陆上空电离层电子总含量TEC(Total Electron Content)值的时间序列。 选取2001—2008年发生在中国大陆地区的11个M_S≥6.0地震, 分析了这11个地震前后TEC值时间序列的变化特征。 分析结果显示, 地震活动期间距离震中700 km以外的GPS连续观测站上空TEC值的异常现象不明显, TEC值变化基本在0.5 TECU之内。 11个震例中有6个震例TEC值出现了负异常现象, 主要表现在震前1～5 d, 并且观测站距离震中越近, TEC值变化越明显, 少数震例在地震发生期间TEC值明显增加。 研究认为, 利用GPS连续观测数据研究与地震有关的电离层前兆是可能的。     

Correction of Electron Density Profiles in the Low Ionosphere Based on the Data of Vertical Sounding with the IRI Model

The method of correcting the daytime vertical profiles of electron plasma frequency in the low ionosphere from International Refererence Ionosphere (IRI) model in accordance with the measured data of the virtual heights and absorption of signal radiowaves (method А1) reflected from the bottom of E-region at vertical sounding (VS) is presented. The method is based on the replacement of the IRI model profile by an approximation of analytical dependence with parameters determined according to VS data and partially by the IRI model. The method is tested by the results of four joint ground-based and rocket experiments carried out in the 1970s at midlatitudes of the European part of Russia upon the launches of high-altitude geophysical rockets of the Vertical series. It is shown that the consideration of both virtual reflection heigths and absorption makes it possible to obtain electron density distributions that show the best agreement with the rocket measurements made at most height ranges in the D- and E-regions. In additional, the obtained distributions account more adequately than the IRI model for the contributions of D- and E-regions to absorption of signals reflected above these regions.     

Correction of Ionosphere Models Based on Ground Ionosonde Data

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Empirical median models of the ionosphere are widely used to predict the propagation of high-frequency radio waves. Their adaptation to the real state of the ionosphere...     

Reconstruction of Electron-Density Height Profiles Based in the Bottomside Ionosphere on Topside Satellite Sounding Data with the IRI Model

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - A method is proposed to determine the total height profiles of the electron density in the ionosphere with the use of topside satellite ionograms containing traces of...     

汶川地震同震电离层扰动研究

利用中国大陆陆态观测网(CMONOC)的下关、 昆明和庐州GPS台站, 对汶川地震引起的同震电离层扰动(CID)进行研究。 通过对GPS原始观测数据进行处理证实汶川地震存在5个明显的同震电离层扰动(CID)现象。 根据GPS TEC时间序列和走时, 得到在电离层高度CID的水平传播速度为1.1 km/s, 属于震中区地表抬升引起的声波在电离层中传播速度; 同时, 也得到次一级CID传播速度接近0.7 km/s, 认为可能是重力波。 在此基础上, 利用射线追踪模型寻找震中位置发现, 当CID水平传播速度为1000 m/s时, 发震时刻对应的标准偏差能达到最小值19.55 s, 相应的CID起源位置是30.8°N, 103.15°E, 距离实际震中西南方向33.6 km。     

基于地基GPS-TEC的中国区域地震电离层效应研究

基于中国陆态网络地基GPS-TEC观测,针对2008～2019年发生在中国区域的7个M_S≥6.0地震,采用滑动四分位距法分析了地震前后的电离层扰动时空分布特征。结果显示,5个地震的震前2～6天,GPS-TEC值出现负异常扰动,地震发生期间及震后电离层TEC出现正异常扰动,主要集中在震后2～7天;GPS观测站距离震中越近,垂直上空的TEC扰动越明显,扰动空间最大范围可达2000km。随着震级的增加,震前电离层TEC异常扰动的发生率有所增加,且异常覆盖的范围也有所扩大。因此,认为震前一周内的电离层TEC变化可能提供揭示电离层扰动与地震活动之间关系的线索。     

Ionospheric Disturbances due to the Influence of Localized Thermospheric Sources

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the ionospheric disturbances from spatially localized, midlatitude, thermospheric sources that simulate the...     

Impact of Earthquakes and Tsunamis on the Ionosphere

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Diagnostics of the outer envelopes of the Earth through global satellite navigational systems and through the equally global network of ground receivers and...     

Reconstruction of Electron-Density Height Profiles Based on Vertical Sounding Data under Multistratification of the E Region

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - A method is proposed for the determination of the height profiles of the electron-plasma frequency based on vertical-sounding ionograms with allowance for additional...     

Identification of Vortex Currents in the Ionosphere and Estimation of Their Parameters Based on Ground Magnetic Data

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - A system to process data from a 2D network of magnetic stations is proposed for the identification of eddy currents in the ionosphere and the estimation of their...     

Estimating the Characteristics of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances from Vertical Incidence Ionograms within a Compound Parabolic Layer Model

The characteristic U-shaped traces (cusps) in ionograms are associated with the passage of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs), which lead to horizontal electron density gradients in the ionosphere and, therefore, to off-angle reflections in radio sounding. A new form of representation is considered for daily ionospheric sounding data. A compound parabolic layer model is proposed, which allows analytical calculation of ray paths to speed up the “homing-in” of the rays. Changes in the shape of the trace in the ionogram due to varying the TID characteristics are examined. A discussion is given of the possibilities for estimating TID characteristics from digitized vertical sounding ionograms.     

Reconstruction of the Height Profiles of the Electron Concentration Based on Vertical Sounding Data with the IRI Model

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - A technique is proposed for the determination of the height profiles of the electron plasma frequency from measurements of the virtual heights during vertical sounding...     

日本Mw9.0地震前电离层异常初步分析

2011年3月11日日本东北海域发生了9.0级大地震.根据国际GPS服务和日本国土地理院公布的GPS连续观测数据,得到地震前20天震区附近上空的电离层垂直总电子含量(Vertical Total Electron Content,VTEC)的时间序列,并利用滑动四分位法(前15天滑动)分析电离层异常.同时采集COSMI...     

基于DEMETER卫星观测数据的电离层地震前兆分析——以汶川地震、东海地震为例

本文利用可视化分析和统计分析的数据处理方法,结合2008年5月12日汶川Ms8.0地震和2007年4月20日东海Ms6.3地震两个震例,进行了探索性研究,阐述了基于DEMETER卫星观测数据提取电离层地震前兆信息的思路,通过对电磁场频谱、等离子体数密度、温度等物理参量的可视化展现,探讨了电离层扰动与地震的关系.结果表明,在排除电离层内一些典型干扰的前提下,地震发生前几天或者几个小时电离层扰动可以被观测到.     

基于网络/基站RTK移动摄影测量数据的垂向精度分析

移动摄影测量技术SfM（Structure from Motion）的发展使活动构造研究中快速获得野外中小区域内高精度DEM数据更便捷,DEM数据精度是目前活动构造与测量领域较关注的问题。本文通过对比非RTK模式无人机摄影测量并结合地面控制点（GCPs）生成的SfM DEM数据与基于RTK移动摄影测量技术获取的RTK-SfM DEM数据差异,重点分析搭载RTK模块的移动摄影测量技术获取的DEM数据在垂向上的精度。数据采集、处理与对比结果表明：在添加地面控制点后的非RTK模式无人机摄影测量生成的DEM数据中,除测量区域边缘照片较少而产生畸变外,大部分地区畸变率较小;基于移动RTK技术摄影测量获取的高程数据畸变率更小,且与非RTK模式无人机摄影结合地面控制点生成的高程数据存在约0.85 m的系统高程误差,减去该误差后,点云对比结果表明二者95%以上的点垂向误差均＜0.05 m;搭载RTK模块的移动摄影测量技术获取的DEM数据在垂向上具有更高的精度,且节省了时间与人工成本。     

The Structure of the Muya Basin of the Baikal Rift Based on the Interpretation of Archival Vertical Electrical Sounding Data

Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth - Abstract—Results of the interpretation of the archival vertical electrical sounding data from the Muya Basin of the Baikal Rift Zone are presented....     

Equations for the Estimation of Strong Ground Motions from Shallow Crustal Earthquakes Using Data from Europe and the Middle East: Vertical Peak Ground Acceleration and Spectral Acceleration

This article presents equations for the estimation of vertical strong ground motions caused by shallow crustal earthquakes with magnitudes M_w 5 and distance to the surface projection of the fault less than 100km. These equations were derived by weighted regression analysis, used to remove observed magnitude-dependent variance, on a set of 595 strong-motion records recorded in Europe and the Middle East. Coefficients are included to model the effect of local site effects and faulting mechanism on the observed ground motions. The equations include coefficients to model the observed magnitude-dependent decay rate. The main findings of this study are that: short-period ground motions from small and moderate magnitude earthquakes decay faster than the commonly assumed 1/r, the average effect of differing faulting mechanisms is similar to that observed for horizontal motions and is not large and corresponds to factors between 0.7 (normal and odd) and 1.4 (thrust) with respect to strike-slip motions and that the average long-period amplification caused by soft soil deposits is about 2.1 over those on rock sites.