大亚湾表层沉积物镁铝含量比变化及影响因素

本文讨论了大亚湾沉积物镁铝含量比——m值的分布、季节变化及m值与水介质的关系,结果证实,水介质的盐度、pH和水温是m值的主要影响因素,且水介质的盐度是决定m值大小的最基本要素。当3个影响因素呈同向变化时,对m值的变化具有叠加作用,m值的变化幅度较大;当盐度与pH呈相反方向变化时,若△pH>0.06,可对m值产生明显的影响,m值的变化与pH同向。从大亚湾沉积物m值随季节变化的特征表明,m值对沉积环境中水介质变化的反应是灵敏的。这一结果显示了m值对水介质变化能够响应的灵敏度。     

太平洋中部沉积柱样中镁铝含量比的研究

通过对太平洋中部美拉尼西亚海盆中L₁₀₀₇和L₁₀₂₆两个沉积柱样的镁铝含量比m值(m=100×MgO/Al₂O₃)研究,证实了在深海沉积物中,m值的变化特征受沉积物形成时的沉积环境所制约.同时反映出深海沉积物的高m值与冰期相对应,而陆相沉积物的高m值与干燥气候相对应.     

福建海岸带潮间带与水下现代沉积物中镁铝含量比的变化

通过研究海岸带不同沉积环境所形成的现代沉积物中镁铝含量比——m值的变化特征,以验证m值对沉积环境的分辨效果。     

沉积物镁铝含量比及其古气候意义

沉积物的镁铝含量比——m 值(m=100×MgO/Al_2O_3)与沉积水介质的盐度、pH 水温关系密切。当水温处在冰点以下时,沉积物的m 值随水温降低而增大。当水温处在冰点以上时,水介质的盐度、pH 和水温的增加,都有利于m 值增大。由于气候条件能直接或间接地影响沉积水介质的特征,因此,沉积物的m 值对古气候的变化具有一定的判别功能。通过对中国元古宙以来沉积物m 值的分析,发现古气候的热冷变化有1200Ma 的周期,其中还有次一级的热冷气候波动。第四纪的气候是处在热气候期后期的一个冷的气候波动阶段。     

东太平洋表层沉积物中热液作用存在的记录

东太平洋海盆ＣＣ区表层沉积物以远洋粘土组分及生物组分为主。但是，在局部区域，沉积物的矿物成分及地球化学组成都记录到有热液作用物质存在，进而，通过经验公式，定量计算了热液组分的含量。这些都表明远离洋脊及热点的ＣＣＡ区，不同程度地受到热液作用的影响。     

中太平洋海盆表层沉积物类型及其主要受控因素

本文通过对中太平洋海盆４０多个表层沉积物的分析和研究，根据沉积物中各组分含量、物质来源和成因等特征，把本区表层沉积物分为六种类型。它们分布在不同区域和不同水深范围内。钙质沉积物分布在碳酸钙补偿深度（ＣＣＤ）界面以浅区。硅质粘土、深海粘土等沉积物出现在ＣＣＤ以下水深区，这些沉积物的分布具有明显的垂向分带性和横向分区性。沉积物类型的变化主要受水深与物质来源的控制，南极底层流也有一定的影响。在不同的沉积物中锰结核的丰度、品位、类型等亦有明显的差异。     

南海中部表层沉积物的元素地球化学

根据1983年9月—1984年7月所调查的南海中部91个表层沉积物中Fe,Mn等18种元素分析并结合其它资料的详细研究结果表明:(1)南海中部沉积物具有在近海—深海环境下形成的半深海沉积物的地球化学特征;(2)元素含量分布规律是,Al,K,Fe,Mg,Cu,Ce,Ni,Ba,Mn,Zn,Pb,N含量从陆架外缘到陆坡直至深海递增;Ca,Sr,C_(有机)从陆架外缘到陆坡含量渐增,由陆坡向深海锐减;Si和Ti含量在陆坡低、陆架外缘和深海高;(3)因子分析得出三种元素组合,即常量元素Al,Si,K,Fe,Mg,Ti,微量元素Cu,Co,Ni,Mn,Ba和Ca,Sr,C_(有机),N组合;(4)沉积物元素组成和含量的主要控制因素是沉积物类型。     

太平洋中部柱状沉积物中的自生矿物

根据《海洋四号》861—881航次获得的岩心资料,通过对沉积物类型的观察,对其中的几种自生矿物钙十字沸石、蒙脱石、重晶石、微结核、非晶质SiO_2等矿物的成因和与沉积物类型的相关性进行了探讨。     

东太平洋洋脊含金属沉积物中的自然铝

东太平洋洋脊含金属沉积物中的自然铝在地质环境中，自然金属通常只在老的火山岩和热液矿石中发现．自然金属在远洋沉积物中极少见．这是因为这样的沉淀物通常是在强氧化条件下形成．但是，最近在中一新生代海洋沉积物中发现了自然金属和合金（虽然稀少）．它０］仅产生在...     

北太平洋赤道海域表层沉积物的热释光特征及其指示意义

热释光是矿物晶体接受环境核辐射作用后积蓄起来的能量在受到热激发时以光的形式释放出来的一种物理现象,它与晶体损伤、晶体中杂质混入等原因所导致的晶格缺陷有关.热释光强度的大小主要取决于自然界中长寿命放射性元素(238U,235U,230Th,40K及其子体)的衰变,与其他物理、化学、生物或人类活动无关.热释光特征能有效反映晶体形成的环境条件.热释光方法的制样简单、测量快捷,因此在辐射学、核工业、核医学、环境学、农业、考古学、地质学等领域都得到了广泛的应用.在陆地地质学上热释光方法在地质年代测定[1,2]、地层对比[3]、矿物世代划分[4]、矿床含矿评价[4,5]、陨石形成热的历史恢复[6]以及地质事件识别[7]等方面都取得了不少成果.     

A preliminary study on thermoluminescence characteristics of sediments from the North Pacific

Thirty-eight surficial deposit samples were collected from the equatorial North Pacific, and the natural thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of both bulk and clay fraction samples (<2 μm fractions) were studied by the FJ427-A1 automatic TL Dosimeter for the first time. With the measurements of clay mineral composition, element composition by XRD and ICP, the correlations between TL intensity and sedimentary environment proxies were analyzed, such as water depth, ratio of FeO to Fe2O3 contents, LOI, and major clay mineral concentration, and it was found the bulk sample’s TL signal was stronger than the clay ones. Usually, increase in the clay components may result in the decrease of TL intensity. From the shape of TL curves, the pelagic sediments can be divided into two groups: the majority group has two glow peaks, in general, the first peak is broad and flat, but the second narrow and sharp; the minority group only has a single peak because the first is absent. The peak centers of TL curves are almost fixed, falling in the temperature sections 230~260 and 390~405 ℃ respectively. Lorentz model packed in the Origin 7.5 was chosen to deal with the TL curves. From the processing results, three parameters (H, C and A), corresponding to the height, center, and kurtosis of TL curve, were obtained to describe the curve characteristics. The correlations between TL curve parameters and sedimentary environment proxies were also calculated. On the basis of the above work, the relationship between TL characteristics and sediment type, mineral composition, sedimentary environment of surface sediments was discussed in the study area, and a conclusion is: sediments from the environment of shallower water, higher organic contents and weaker reductivity have stronger TL signals.     

西北太平洋沉积物中细菌多样性的研究

利用提取且纯化的西北太平洋地区深海沉积物DNA为模板,利用细菌通用PCR引物扩增16S rDNA片段,构建其文库,建立阳性克隆子RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism)酶切图谱.据酶切图谱选择部分克隆测序,并与数据库中的序列进行比对.结果表明,测序的27个序列分属于4个类群:变形细菌(Proteobacteria)、绿屈挠菌(Chloroflexi)、浮游霉菌(Planctomycetes)和酸杆菌(Acidobacteria);其中以变形细菌最多,占62.96%.     

西太平洋马尔库斯-威克海山区沉积物中生物硅含量分布

分析了大洋40航次在西太平洋马尔库斯-威克海山区山间海盆采集的表层沉积物中生物硅和有机质的含量,并对其分布特征和来源进行了初步的研究。结果表明,马尔库斯-威克海山区附近海域深海表层沉积物中生物硅含量总体较低,含量在0.88%～12.41%之间,平均含量为2.19%,分布上呈现西南含量高,向东北方向递减的趋势;深海表层沉积物中有机碳含量较低,δ¹³C同位素组成分布与生物硅相同。沉积物柱状样的研究表明研究区在过去的100～200 ka期间表层水体中硅质生物的初级生产力是逐渐增加的。     

Geochemical speciation and spatial distributions of phosphorus in surface sediments from the basin of the Marcus-Wake seamounts in the western Pacific Ocean

The concentrations of five forms of phosphorus(P) including exchangeable or loosely adsorbed P(Ex-P), Febound P(Fe-P), authigenic P(Auth-P), detrital P(Det-P), and organic P(Org-P) from the basin among the Marcus-Wake seamounts(19.4°–24°N, 156.5°–161.5°E) in the western Pacific Ocean were quantified using a sequential extraction method(SEDEX) to investigate the distribution and sources of different P species.Concentrations of total P(TP) varied from 14.0 μmol/g to 44.1 μmol/g, with an average of...     

东太平洋海底结核及相关沉积物的稀土元素地球化学特征

海底多金属结核多分布于沉积物表面,而且二者之间关系密切.宏观上,结核的丰度、品位、形态及分布规律与海底地形、地层结构、沉积厚度及沉积物类型有密切关系[1,2];微观上,结核和相关沉积物的元素组成有一定的联系[3~7]1).     

琼州海峡表层沉积物元素地球化学特征

通过对琼州海峡表层沉积物中54项指标统计、元素组合特征分析、沉积物环境质量评价、锆英石资源潜力评价和元素比值研究,结果表明,SiO₂、Al₂O₃和TFe₂O₃是研究区表层沉积物中的最主要组分,元素的含量与粒度存在明显的相关性;元素组合以亲粘土组合为主;海峡沉积物环境质量良好,锆英石资源潜力巨大;海峡东部和中部海域海流动力较强,属氧化沉积环境。     

Subsidies to tuna fisheries in the Western Central Pacific Ocean

Tuna fisheries in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean are among the most valuable resources in the region. These fisheries, worth an estimated $4.1 billion each year, play a pivotal role in supporting incomes and development goals in the region. However, due to the twin, and potentially inter-related effects of harmful fishing practices such as the use of fish aggregating devices, overcapacity, and fisheries subsidies, many of these tuna fisheries are currently at risk of over-exploitation—putting the livelihoods of countless local fishers at risk. This study finds that government fisheries subsidies in the region represent 37% of the ex-vessel value of tuna fisheries in the region. Fuel subsidies are estimated at US$ 335 million and non-fuel subsidies are estimated at US$ 1.2 billion for the year 2009. Developed countries are responsible for more than half of the subsidies spent in the predominantly developing region, underlying the fact that the majority of tuna value extracted from the national waters of developing countries in the region benefit larger, developed countries. The total resource rent, or return to society, from tuna fisheries, once adjusted for subsidies is a net negative US$750 million in 2009. Fisheries subsidies are enabling foreign fleets to operate at sub-market rates, putting local fleets out of competition for their own fishery resources.     

南极布兰斯菲尔德海峡表层沉积物烷基芳烃化合物

芳烃化合物广泛分布于沉积物(古老和现代)、石油和煤炭中,它与沉积有机质的演化与成熟度有着密切的关系,如二甲基素的相对丰度变化,反映了有关沉积物成熟度的信息;又如二甲基带与三甲基察的相对丰度可作为原油成熟度的标志,它优于以生物标志物作为依据的指标[1].