基于教师课堂提问的误区初探 ——以真实课堂案例为例

文章选取了学校地理课堂中若干具有代表性的教师提问案例,以学生是否可以较好地表述答案为依据,分析了教师课堂提问的误区,且分别对课堂提问的误区提出了相应的纠正对策,以期帮助教师在课堂中准确提问。     

地理课堂的有效提问

课堂上教师的提问,就是教师有目的的设疑,以引起学生积极的思考,是教师带有策略性的教学行为。可以说,正是由教师精心设计的一个个问题推动了地理课的进程,落实了地理教学任务。因此教师提问的有效性、提问策略的优劣,往往关系到课堂教学的成败,决定着教学质量的高低。     

地理师范生课堂提问与课程标准的一致性分析——以H师范大学为例

课堂提问是一种普遍且重要的教学方法,贯穿教学的始终。课程标准是国家课程的基本纲领性文件,是教师教学最重要的依据。课堂提问是否符合课程标准对学生培养的要求,即课堂提问与课程标准的一致性如何,是影响教学质量的重要因素。为考查地理师范生在课堂提问中落实课程标准要求的能力,本文以H师范大学地理师范生课堂提问为研究样本,借助SEC一致性分析模式,建立了师范生课堂提问与课程标准“内容主题×认知水平”二维矩阵,计算二者之间的一致性系数。结果表明,地理师范生在课堂提问中落实课标要求的能力仍存在以下问题：第一,对课程标准的理解与把握存在偏差;第二,落实课标要求的问题链设计能力有待提升。针对问题,本文提出了相应的优化建议。     

构建提问“网络”谋求课堂效率

地理课堂提问是一门艺术,对于培养学生学爿兴趣,充分发挥学生学习积极性,提高课堂效率,加强师生和谐关系都有重要意义,我们教师在备课中需精心准备,改变传统的如教师问,学生举手叫答;教师问,学生随意回答等单一提问方式,纵横交错．多方位．多渠道,实施课堂提问“立体化”。     

地理课堂中提问的“滴灌”技术

提问是课堂教学中一种常用且有效的教学方式,在启迪学生思维、激发学生兴趣、提高课堂效益、促进学生发展等方面有着积极的作用。善教者,必善问。日本著名教育家斋藤喜博甚至认为,教师的提问是“教学的生命”。可见,课堂提问是何等的重要。那么如何使课堂提问更加有效呢？地理上讲到节水技术时有一种叫“滴灌”技术,其实在课堂提问中,我们可以借鉴“滴灌”的技术,使我们的课堂提问更加有效。     

从“知识课堂”转向“生命课堂”

一、透视课堂：现行地理课堂教学行为存在的问题 1．知识至上,教学行为单一化 通过对一线地理教师的教学设计及课堂观察发现,地理教师的教学行为更多的集中在知识的认知领域,较少顾及过程与方法、情感态度与价值观维度。     

高中师生对“地理课堂提问”认知的调查研究

采取随机抽样法,通过对安徽省的57名高中地理教师以及宣城市泾县和郎溪县的173名高中生进行问卷调查,了解其对课堂提问有效性的认识。结果发现,总体上,高中地理课堂提问的有效性偏低,且不同维度的有效性差异显著;教师和学生对课堂提问有效性的认知存在偏差。指出课堂提问的有效性没有引起一线教师和学生的足够重视;提问技能缺乏是高中师生在课堂提问中最突出的问题,提问技能急待提高。认为打破关于提问的恶性循环枷锁的最好方式就是对教师和学生进行提问有效性的相关训练。提出了加强课堂提问有效性的标准研究,掌握相关策略和营造有助于提问的良好氛围等三条建议。     

基于课堂实录的高中地理课堂提问行为案例分析——以“荒漠化的防治”一节为例

使用改进的S—T分析法和ThomaL．Good＆JereE．Brophy的课堂观察技术对高中地理课堂提问行为进行分析,以《百节名师风采课》中“荒漠化的防治”一节为例,得出的结论如下：“荒漠化的防治”这节课主要是在提问行为为主的对话型教学模式下完成的;注重了问题引入方式的多样性;提问方式采用群体与个别提问相结合和鼓励性的教学反馈等四大亮点。同时,该节课的课堂提问行为有四点待改进：需要注意高层次的提问类型与低层次的提问类型相结合;减少教师自问自答;鼓励学生提问;适当增加提问后停顿时间,正确引导学生对问题的深入分析。。     

多媒体地理课堂板书教学透析与优化

正板书是帮助学生习得知识的一种教学手段,也是考量一个教师教学基本功的重要方面。笔者通过对大量多媒体地理课堂的观察,发现不少教师的板书行为不容乐观,普遍存在着设计传统、形式单一、呈现杂乱、过程脱节等问题,从而大大影响了课堂教学的整体效果。因此,随着教学媒体以及媒体技术的变化与发展,重新审视板书的价值取向,改进板书教学行为,创新板书表现形式,提高板书的教学效果,是广大教师值得探究的课题。本文通过对多媒体地理课堂板书内涵与特点的解读,围绕一些教师课堂板书中的诸多问题进行归类与分析,从而提出板书教学的一些优化策略。     

地理教学质量与课堂心理环境

地理教学质量是地理教师的劳动成果,它最终由学生的地理学习质量来体现.学生的地理学习质量是地理学习活动的成果,受到地理课堂心理环境的严重影响.在健康和谐的地理课堂心理环境中,学生会积极主动地参与地理学习,并显示出较高的智能水平,大大提高地理的学习质量.相反,则会不同程度地降低地理学习质量.由于地理教师本人的原因和社会、学校的原因,中学的地理课堂心理环境问题较多,影响了地理教学的质量.在一定程度上解决这些问题,优化地理课堂心理环境,通过地理教师的努力是可以做到的.     

Field Work in the Classroom

To make sense of spatial data, information and concepts strong geographic literacy skills are a prerequisite, yet existing studies suggest a global decline in these skills. Current geographic tools predominantly focus on mapping tasks that do not necessarily lead to an understanding of the broader geographic relevance of location. This article argues that in order to improve geographic literacy exercises should test an understanding of location and employ techniques to correct deficiencies. To support this argument this study offers evidence on the effectiveness of online quizzes in improving geographic literacy skills of first-year undergraduate geography students.     

Geographic Methodology and Classroom Structures

Abstract

The geographer can perform two functions in the classroom. First, he can use his skills as a geographer to structure the class. Second, he can use his subject matter expertise to act as a resource person (teacher) within the class. A structure for a class using the inquiry or problem-solving method of teaching is presented to maximize interaction between the members of the class. This structure involves geographic concepts of orientation, distance, shape, and size of group. Also considered is the position of the teacher in that structure as it affects the exchange and flow of ideas. The geographer can also use his methodology to test and analyze the communication within his class.     

Classroom Questioning for Geography Teachers

Abstract

Questioning is an important teaching skill. Teachers should be able to ask ‘thinking’ questions as well as ‘memory’ questions and they should be able to ask questions about ideas as well as facts. To assist teachers with development of their questioning skills, two dimensions of a question — the intellectual processes involved in answering it and the form of knowledge constituting the content — are reviewed. The dimensions are then combined into a matrix illustrating thirteen types of cognitive questions.     

Individualized Learning in An Open Geography Classroom

Abstract

In the last few years a great deal of educational literature has been devoted to the concept of individualized learning in an open classroom, i This approach is based on the premise that students are capable of analytical and creative thought when given the opportunity to work on their own initiative and at their own rates. It is an alternative to the traditional teacher-centered classroom and is justified by the belief that the student learns more effectively when he is interested; that the student develops greater responsibility; that the slower, generally passive student is brought into a position of active participation in the learning process.

Little has been written about the applicability of such an approach to the field of geography. Interest in this method prompted the author to experiment with such a program in her own classes during her first year of teaching. This article describes the results of individualized learning in two ninth grade physical geography classes conducted at Western Illinois University's Laboratory School.     

基于地图技能培养的高中地理课堂教学设计研究

地图技能培养在高中地理教学中具有举足轻重的关键地位,良好的地图素养将使学生受益终生。通过对上海市高中学生的地图技能现状进行问卷调查,结合师生访谈、学生作业和考试情况的综合分析,调研学生解读地图、运用地图的能力现状,分析学生地图技能欠缺的问题症结,并以高中地理教学中的重难点内容"世界气候类型的判读"章节为例,探讨在课堂教学设计中培养学生地图技能的有效途径。