Impacts of land use change on landscape patterns in mountain human settlement: The case study of Hantai District(Shaanxi,China)

Mountain area is an important geographical unit of land,and its ecology is sensitive and fragile.Over the past few decades,human activities have caused dramatic changes in land use in mountainous areas,which caused changes in landscape patterns and impacts on the ecological environment.It is unknown how the mechanism of land use affects the landscape pattern at different scales.The Hantai District,a typical human settlement in the mountain area in Shaanxi,China,was chosen as the study area.Based on the remote sensing images,the mathematical models and landscape indexes were adopted to evaluate the impact of land use change from 1998 to 2017 on the landscape pattern at different scales,and its main driving forces were analyzed.The results showed that the urbanized land expanded largest from 15.39%to 24.30%,and cultivated land experienced the largest decline from 43.54%to 35.35%.Changes in land use have made the patch morphology of most land types developed from a natural random to a sawtooth shape,and its spatial pattern evolved from a ruleset to a fragmented expansion.This reflects the continuous strengthening of human intervention in the process of regional development.Under the jurisdiction of Hantai District,the biggest change in landscape pattern is in Hanzhong City and Qili Town.The improved economy and increasing population and urbanization rate were the main factors that cause these changes.This research could provide necessary information for understanding the evolution mechanism of land resources in mountainous human settlements for mountainous areas with significant geomorphic differentiation.     

边城廿八都

浙西南的江山市廿八都镇,地处浙闽赣三省交界。四面群山拱卫,仙霞古道穿镇而过,自古有“东南锁钥,入闽咽喉”之称。小镇类似文学家沈从文笔下的边城,当时“也有商人落脚的客店,坐镇不动的理发馆。此外,饭店、杂货铺、油行、盐栈、花衣庄,莫不各有一种地位,装点这条小河街。”而唐宋古道驿站遗址和明清古桥民居至今尚存。     

"一户一宅"的思考

《土地管理法》第六十二条规定,农村村民一户只能拥有一处宅基地。这对于节约集约用地,强化农村宅基地管理具有十分重要的指导意义。长期以来,农村旧的宅基地管理模式造成农村村民住房严重超标,一户多宅以及空心村的现象普遍存在,农村宅基地极度浪费。“一户一宅”制从当前全国农村的实际出发,对农村宅基地使用作出了科学合理的界定。但是,在执行“一户一宅”过程中,也出现一些新情况新问题,在市场经济条件下,这些新情况新问题必须在立法和实践中加以解决,并不断完善现有的制度,以达到科学合理地利用农村土地。     

房地产宏观政策期待加大执行力

4月27日,中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究中心和社会科学文献出版社联合主办的2007年中国房地产高峰论坛暨《 房地产蓝皮书》2007年版出版发布会在北京举行.来自中国社会科学院、国土资源部、建设部、国家统计局、中国房地产协会等部门的专家、学者和官员出席了会议.     

Influence of the roots of mixed-planting species on the shear strength of saline loess soil

In order to improve our knowledge of the mechanical effect of the roots of mixed-plantings on soil reinforcement and slope protection,the influence of roots of a mixed-planting with four herb species(Medicago sativa L.,Elymus nutans Griseb.,Puccinellia distanx(L.),and Poa pratensis L.)and one shrub species(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)were investigated on the shear strength characteristics of saline loess soil.The root distribution characteristics were assessed via a survey when the plants grew for one year.The effects of the root biomass density,the root mass ratio(RMR)of the fine roots to the coarse roots,the moisture content,and the salt content on the shear strength index of the rooted soil were analyzed via a triaxial compression test,and the mechanism of these effects was discussed.The results indicate that the biomass density decreased linearly with increasing depth.The RMR initially decreased with depth and then increased,exhibiting in a quadratic relationship.The cohesion of the rooted soil increased linearly as the biomass density increased.The cohesion of the rooted soil initially increased with increasing RMR and salt content,and then it decreased.The turning point of the cohesion occurred when the RMR was 0.6 and the salt content was 1.18%.The internal friction angle of the rooted soil initially increased with biomass density and then decreased,and the turning point of the internal friction angle occurred when the biomass density was 0.015 g/cm3.The relationships between the internal friction angle of the rooted soil and the RMR and salt content were exponential incremental and linear subtractive relationship,respectively.Both the cohesion and the internal friction angle of the rooted soil linearly decreased with increasing moisture content.     

Combined Bearing Capacity of Spudcans on a Double Layer Deposit of Strong-Over-Weak Clays

An extreme sea storm process can lead to a jack-up rig under the combined loading condition of vertical load(V), horizontal load(H), and moment(M) to have stability problems. This paper presents the analysis of combined bearing capacities of a circular spudcan on layered clays with a strong layer overlying a comparatively weaker layer. Numerical models combined with displacement-based load tests, swipe tests, and constant ratio displacement probe tests are adopted to calculate the uniaxial bearing capacities, failure envelopes in combined V-H, V-M planes, and failure envelopes in a combined V-H-M load space, respectively. A parametric study on the effects of vertical load level V, the layer strength ratio s_u,t/s_u,b, and the hard layer thickness t_1 on the bearing capacities is then performed. Results show that the vertical load level is a key factor that influences the values of H and M and the size of the H-M failure envelope. The existence of the underlying weak clay decreases the bearing capacities in all directions, and the vertical capacity Vult is affected more than the horizontal(H_ult) and moment(M_ult) capacities based on a single uniform deposit. The influence of the underlying weak clay on H-M failure envelope is mainly shown where H and M are coupled in the same direction. In contrast, little difference is observed when H and M are coupled in opposite directions.     

Characteristics and dynamics of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche triggered by a paleo-earthquake in the Northern Qinling Mountains

Analyzing large prehistoric rock avalanches provides significant data for evaluating the disaster posed by these relatively infrequent but destructive geological events. This paper attempts to study the characteristics and dynamics of the Ganqiuchi granitic rock avalanche, in the middle of the northern margin of Qinling Mountains, 30 km to the south of Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. In plane view, this rock avalanche is characterized by source area, accumulation area and dammed lake area. Based on previous studies, historical records and regional geological data, the major trigger of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche is considered to be a strong paleo-earthquake with tremendous energy. The in situ deposit block size distributions of the intact rock mass and the debris deposits are presented and analyzed by using a simple model for estimating the number of fragmentation cycles that the blocks underwent. The results show that the primary controlling factor of the fragmentation process is the pre-existing fractures, and there is a relationship between the potential energy and the fragmentation energy: the latter is approximately 20% of the former. Based on the dynamic discrete element technique, the study proposes a four-stage model for the dynamic course of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche:(1) failing;(2) highspeed sliding;(3) collision with obstacles;(4) decelerated sliding, which has implication for hazard assessment of the potential rock avalanches in China and other countries with similar geological setting.     

湘西自治州贯彻执行《土地管理法》调查报告

为推进湘西自治州贯彻执行《中华人民共和国土地管理法》(以下简称《土地管理法》)工作的健康发展,州政协委员视察组一行13人,对《土地管理法》颁布实施以来全州8     

Oxidation Modification of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Fiber and Its Electro-Chemical Performance as Marine Electrode for Electric Field Test

A novel sensor for ocean electric field testing has been fabricated by polyacrylonitrile-based on carbon fibers with electro-chemical oxidation.The surface profile characteristics of the carbon fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectra and contact angle.Cyclic voltammetry and Tafel curves have been used to study its electro-chemical performances.Two identical electrodes in sea water as the electric field sensor will swiftly respond to applied electric field which causes positive and negative ions to move in opposite direction,resulting in a electric potential difference(ΔE).Test result indicates that the offset potential is typically below 1 m V with a drift of 60-170μVd^-1.Typical self noise level is 1.07 nV√Hz^1/2@1 Hz.The electric field response indicates that the modified electrode pair shows better response to AC sine signal of amplitude and frequency(5 mV and 1 mHz)respectively than its blank.The electric field response model of the modified electrodes is creatively presented according to its electric double layer capacitance and Faraday pseudo-capacitance.Many advantages of the carbon fiber electric field electrode will make it have potential application prospect.     

Effect of Carbonation and Drying-Wetting Cycles on Chloride Diffusion Behavior of Coral Aggregate Seawater Concrete

Based on seawater immersion,drying-wetting cycles,carbonation and drying-wetting cycles for coral aggregate sea-water concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effect of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles on chloride diffusion be-havior of CASC is studied.The results show that the free surface chloride concentration(Cs),free chloride diffusion coefficient(Df)and time-dependent index(m)of CASC in the drying-wetting cycles is obviously higher than that in seawater immersion.The Df and m of CASC of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles is higher than that in the drying-wetting cycles.Carbonation increases the Df and m of CASC,which is against CASC to resist chloride corrosion.The corrosion possibility of CASC structures in different ex-posed areas is as follows:splash zone(carbonation and drying-wetting cycles)>tidal zone(drying-wetting cycles)>underwater zone(seawater immersion).Besides,the chloride diffusion rate of C65-CASC is 17.8%-63.4%higher than that of C65-ordinary aggre-gate concrete(OAC)in seawater immersion(underwater zone).Therefore,anti-corrosion measures should be adopted to improve the service life of CASC structure in the oceanic environment.     

胶东地区深部探测成果与展望

遵循科技发展需求,响应国家"十三五"科技发展战略布局,山东省地质科学研究院科研团队以研究胶东金矿集中分布区地壳深部结构为目的,开展了高精度反射地震、大地电磁测深、高精度重力等综合物探剖面测量;在焦家成矿带深部实施了3000m深钻,进行了深部成矿带的验证。以上工作在深部资源勘查、深部探测技术方面获得了众多的成果;在成矿理论研究上取得了显著的进展。     

地理国情普查数据在海绵城市空间布局优化中的应用研究

地理国情普查成果的开发应用是地理信息社会化服务的热点领域。本研究从海绵城市建设的角度出发,应用地理国情普查成果,构建一套完整的海绵城市空间布局优化技术。研究结果表明:利用地理国情普查成果优化后的海绵城市空间布局,能有效缓解城市暴雨内涝灾害,对于常年遭遇中等强度降雨的城市效果明显。本文拓展地理国情普查成果应用,进一步提高地理国情成果对政府的辅助决策价值。     

基于CA-Markov模型的长吉示范区土地利用格局多情景预测研究

吉林省长吉产业创新发展示范区位于我国东北地区的地理中心,是实施新一轮东北振兴和吉林省融入国家“一带一路”倡议的重要地区,该区土地利用变化对于生态环境变化及区域经济、社会发展有重要影响。本研究以Landsat TM/OLI和ZY-3遥感影像为数据源,获取长吉示范区1990年、2000年、2010年和2015年土地利用数据,分析示范区土地利用动态趋势,并利用CA-Markov模型预测了自然发展和生态规划两种情景下的2040年土地利用格局。结果表明,1990~2015年期间,约有288.14km^2的林地转化为耕地,同时有200.29km^2的耕地转化为建设用地。自然发展型情景预测结果显示,到2040年,长吉示范区森林面积将继续萎缩,湿地、耕地损失严重,建设用地显著扩张。生态规划型情景预测结果表明,如采取积极的生态保护和恢复措施,到2040年,示范区森林面积将恢复至910.17km^2,湿地将得到有效恢复,优质农耕区得到保护,同时保证了区域城镇化的发展。通过本研究中不同土地利用发展情境的模拟,可为示范区土地规划、生态保护和区域可持续发展提供决策依据。     

多特征结合的倾斜无人机影像匹配方法

针对无人机倾斜影像存在匹配困难问题,提出融合多种特征优势的无人机影像匹配算法。首先,提取MSER(Maximally Stable Extremal Regions)局部特征稳定区域,并用SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform)描述子对特征进行描述;其次,利用K-D树的搜索策略进行特征点的快速检索,采用NND算法获取初始的粗匹配点对,根据结果计算影像间的仿射变换关系;最后,对SIFT特征点进行约束NCC匹配,利用RANSAC算法剔除外点,完成最终的影像匹配。实验结果表明,该算法对存在较大倾斜角度的无人机影像效果较好,在匹配正确率和仿射不变性两方面都优于SIFT算法。     

山东半岛蓝色经济区烟台市地下水质量综合评价

该文以山东半岛蓝色经济区烟台城市地质调查范围636 km2作为研究区,选取136个水质监测结果中的10种因子,选取基于熵权的综合指数法进行评价,详细介绍了熵权综合指数法在地下水水质评价中的应用。结果显示,研究区内水质评价结果共分为5个区,其中Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水占总面积的40.1%,Ⅳ,Ⅴ类水占总面积59.9%,总体水质一般,主要原因是工业污水、生活污水大量排放,化肥、农药的大量使用、大量开采地下水。较差区域主要分布在开发区大季家镇-古现镇-福山区臧家镇-福山区兜余镇-莱山区孙家滩以北、八角镇-永福园以南,莱山街道-解甲庄街道以北,养马岛,牟平武宁镇、研究区河流下游及沿海地带,超标因子主要有亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、氯化物、溶解性总固体(TDS)、总硬度、氨氮、镉、铅、挥发酚等。该方法计算过程简单合理,结果客观、可靠、合理,值得推广应用。     

鲢、鳙溶血性腹水病研究

报道了鲢、鳙鱼溶血性腹水病的病原和防治方法。研究结果表明，该病无病毒性病原存在，病原为嗜水气单胞菌嗜水亚种（Aeromonashydrophilasubsp.hydrophila）。采用作者研制的鱼康乐（Y·K·L）进行治疗。治愈率达86．5‰。     

INFLUENTIAL FACTORS COMBINATION AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN STAGES OF URBAN COMPETITIVENESS ——Case Study of Suzhou in China

The urban competitive advantages rely on the combination and interaction of influential factors. As a dynamic progressive process, the city at different time has different competition influential factors combination. Because of this, the urban competitive advantages take on time-series characteristics. Stages of urban competition can be summed up into three ones, the basic factor-driven, the investment-driven and the innovation-driven. The finding of the study on the stages of urban competitive advantages in Suzhou is that in the current stage of Suzhou its competitive advantage is the investment-driven. The investment, especially FDI, plays remarkable functions for Suzhou competition with other cities.     

EVALUATION OF ECOLOGICAL SERVICES OF JILIN PROVINCE, NORTHEAST CHINA

1INTRODUCTIONEcosystem services can be divided into two major cat-egories, one is system function, and the other is sys-tem services and goods provision, which provide not only materials such as food and medicine, but also support and maintenance of whole system. Ecological services contribute to the whole economic system, both directly and indirectly, and consequently repre-sent parts of the total value of our economy system (COSTANZA etal., 1997; GUO etal., 2001). Sustainable d…     

基于开源框架的生态环境要素遥感定量反演平台构建

为及时、准确地获取大范围环境影响因子,避免商业软件平台昂贵的价格和难以扩展的开发环境,结合地理信息系统和遥感技术进行生态环境要素遥感定量反演平台构建。以MapWindow作为底层框架,对其Dotspatial组件库的功能模块进行抽取和修改,完成平台的系统设计以及各功能模块的实现。其中,反演算法经过封装编译处理生成动态链接库,然后在平台中对动态链接库进行调用,最终以插件的形式将反演功能模块加载至平台。平台实现了遥感数据的气溶胶光学厚度、悬浮泥沙浓度、叶绿素浓度反演和显示等功能,可为环境管理部门提供大范围、快速的决策支持,具有较好的可扩展性。