局部地形对出平面运动谱特性的影响分析

本文利用显式有限元有限差分方法进行了脉冲和实际地震动输入下的粘弹性场地地形影响的分析计算,研究了坡地地形在高宽比不同、体波入射角度不同时出平面运动谱特性的差异。结果显示:地形的特征尺寸和入射角度不仅对地震动的峰值有影响,而且对地震动的谱特性有较大的影响,其中入射角度的影响尤为显著。另外,研究还表明,基于脉冲输入研究粘弹性地形谱特性的影响仍不失为一种有效的方法。     

局部不规则地形对地震地面运动的影响

用有限元法结合修正的透射人工边界，研究了 P、SV和Rayleigh 波传播时局部不规则地形对地面运动的影响，研究的理论模型包括局部孤突地形和相邻地形．研究结果表明:Rayleigh波传播时孤突地形对地面运动的放大作用显著大于P和SV波传播时的结果；相邻不规则地形的存在使地面运动进一步放大、持时延长和呈现窄频带放大特征．考虑相邻地形的影响和传播地震波中的Rayleigh波成分,将使理论模型预测结果更接近实际地震观测结果．      

SV波斜入射下凸起地形对地震动特性的影响分析

针对10种不同坡角的凸起地形,采用基于透射边界的有限元-有限差分计算方法,研究了局部凸起在SV波斜入射时,地震动峰值加速度放大倍数和反应谱谱比随入射角度的变化规律。结果表明:①地震波以一定的角度斜入射时,地表大部分观测点的峰值加速度放大倍数大于垂直入射的情况;②在计算模型宽高比一定的情况下,最不利入射角度与坡角有一定关系,且地表最不利位置随坡角增大由凸起台地边缘向中心移动;③入射角度对凸起地形地震反应谱特性的影响十分显著,不但影响谱比的幅值,也影响谱比曲线的形状,斜入射时各关键节点大部分周期点的谱比值大于垂直入射,入射角度对反应谱中的高频成分影响较为显著,而对长周期成分影响不大。     

地震波散射问题的数值解

本文将有限元法和人工透射边界相结合,系统地讨论了二维地震波散射问题的数值解法;并将这一方法应用于研究Rayleigh面波和体波入射时地面不规则地形对地震动的影响,得到了若干有参考价值的结论。本文提供的处理方法和数值结果对于在地震小区划中估算局部地形和地质构造对地震动的影响有一定实用价值。     

相邻地形对地震动特性的影响分析

基于采用透射人工边界的显式动力有限元方法,研究了相邻凸起地形对地震动反应谱特性的影响,分析了相邻凸起之间距离的变化对地形效应的影响。研究结果表明:1与单一凸起地形对地震动的放大效应相比,相邻地形的存在对地震动反应谱谱比曲线的形状影响不大,但对谱比的值具有较大影响,而且其影响程度的大小与地表观测点的位置有关;2相邻凸起地形的存在对凸起平台段中点地震动高频成分的放大效应影响较大,随着相邻凸起之间距离的增加,该影响逐渐减弱,多个相邻凸起构成的组合地形对地震动的放大效应逐渐接近单一凸起地形。     

粘弹性浅圆弧形山谷地形对地震动谱特性的影响

基于凹陷地形对SV波的散射进行了分析,通过与解析解的对比,对所采用的数值算法进行了检验,然后利用钟形脉冲作为SH波输入,获得了浅圆山谷地形的地表响应,进而获得了不同观测点对自由场地点的谱比,并利用谱比研究了浅圆弧形山谷地形特征尺寸(深宽比)、波的入射角度以及介质阻尼效应等几个因素对地震动特性的影响.结果显示,浅圆弧形山谷地形的特征尺寸和地震波入射角度对地震动谱特性影响较大,影响程度与入射地震波频率有关.其中,入射角度的影响更显著.     

相邻地形对地震动特性的影响分析

基于采用透射人工边界的显式动力有限元方法,研究了相邻凸起地形对地震动反应谱特性的影响,分析了相邻凸起之间距离的变化对地形效应的影响。研究结果表明：1）与单一凸起地形对地震动的放大效应相比,相邻地形的存在对地震动反应谱谱比曲线的形状影响不大,但是却对谱比的值具有较大影响,而且其影响程度的大小与地表观测点的位置有关;2）相邻凸起地形的存在对凸起平台段中点地震动高频成分的放大效应具有较大影响,随着相邻凸起之间距离的增大,该影响效应逐渐减弱,多个相邻凸起构成的组合地形对地震动的放大效应逐渐接近单一凸起地形。     

梯形山体地形效应及对周围场地地震反应的影响

利用数值方法对地震动的局部地形效应进行研究,主要以梯形山体为研究对象,重点考察了山体的存在对其周围场地的地震动产生的放大或衰减效果。对不同高宽比的山体输入不同频率的Gabor小波,研究输入波的频率和山体高宽比对山体顶点、山体脚点和周围场地动力反应的影响。输入波形简单的Ricker小波,通过散射波的走时分析并结合单频波的计算结果研究山体对周围场地地震反应的影响机制。实际地震波作用时的计算结果和单频波的结果都表明周围场地受山体影响会对地震动特定频率谱值产生明显的放大。突出地形的存在使周围场地的地震反应发生显著变化,具体表现为:(1)在单一频率的输入波作用下,虽然远距离场地的动力反应接近自由场,但高频波会引起距离山体较近的场地强烈的动力反应改变。低频波则不会造成周围场地动力反应的明显变化。(2)山体高宽比对地形效应有显著影响,更大高宽比的山体会造成更强烈的地震动地形效应。(3)周围场地不同位置因山体影响对地震动的不同频率的谱值放大可以达到1.5倍左右。     

地震体波斜入射下的断层台阶地震反应分析

应用显式有限元法对倾斜断层台阶在地震体波斜入射下的地震反应进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明，P波入射时的竖向运动分量和SV波入射时的水平向运动分量在台阶上角点处存在极大值、在台阶下角点处存在极小值，同时在上下台面还出现由角点激发、向台阶外传播的转换体波与面波。这一结果说明，在断层台阶场地建设重大工程时应离开上角点一定距离，并考虑上下水平表面地面运动的差异性。     

山脊地形效应的强震动观测研究

根据强震动观测、实验研究与数值模拟结果表明,山脊地形对地震动具有显著影响。文章基于汶川地震主震及余震的三个地形效应观测台阵记录的三分量地震动加速度时程,经基线校正后计算得到各观测点的地面峰值加速度、峰值加速度比和反应谱比,分析山脊地形对地震地面运动的影响。结果表明：山脊地形对地震地面运动的影响显著,其地形地震效应随山脊地形的不同而变化,且地形效应具有方向性;水平向地形效应显著于垂直向;谱比是周期相关的,在所分析的周期范围内谱比不总是大于1.0。     

The Effect Analysis of Topography on the Spectrum Properties of Anti-Plane Movement

An explicit finite difference method is performed to evaluate the significance of topography effects on the seismic response of viscoelastic sites. The real accelerograms and bell-shape impulse wavelets, slope angle of cliff and angle of incidence on the spectrum property of the incoming waves are all discussed in detail. The conclusions show that the presence of topographic factors and the direction of the incident waves not only significantly affect the peak ground acceleration of a site, but also affect the spectrum properties of the incoming waves, and the effect on the direction of the incident waves is especially remarkable. The study also finds that it is reasonable to analyse spectrum properties with the input of impulse wavelets in the finite element simulation of wave motion.     

山谷地形对入射SV波地震反应分析

基于黏弹性人工边界的显式动力有限元方法,研究了突出平台状山谷地形场地的地形效应,分析了山谷地形对地表地震动的影响.结果表明:(1)沿着地震动输入方向地表反应较其他方向上的反应强烈;(2)与单一凸起山体地形对地表地震动的放大效应相比,相邻地形的存在对地表地震动位移傅里叶谱谱比曲线的形状影响不大,但是对PGD有着较大的影响...     

典型斜坡地形地震动特征分析

以云南鲁甸6.5级地震中房屋建筑破坏严重的龙头山集镇斜坡地形为例,通过地脉动测试分析得出斜坡及坡顶测点相对于坡脚参考点谱比峰值均＞1,顺坡向谱比峰值大于垂直坡向谱比峰值,且谱比峰值从斜坡坡脚到坡顶逐渐增大,坡顶处约为3;顺坡向谱比峰值对应的频率为4.57～5.39 Hz,垂直坡向谱比峰值对应的频率稍高,为5.42～5.96 Hz。通过结合黏弹性边界的时域动力有限元方法分析斜坡地形在垂直入射地震动作用下的响应,数值模拟结果表明,斜坡坡顶处的位移放大作用显著,坡脚处放大作用较小;介质剪切波速对斜坡地震动的影响较明显,尤其是坡顶点处不同介质剪切波速模型位移峰值差异较大。由于斜坡地形复杂的散射效应,在斜坡及附近测点均出现明显的转换面波,坡顶点处波形转换最显著。数值模拟结果进一步验证了龙头山集镇依坡而建的房屋建筑破坏严重是由局部地形地震动放大效应与地震动差动共同作用引起的。     

Influence of seismic wave type and incident direction on the dynamic response of tall concrete-faced rockfill dams

Owing to the stochastic behavior of earthquakes and complex crustal structure, wave type and incident direction are uncertain when seismic waves arrive at a structure. In addition, because of the different types of the structures and terrains, the traveling wave effects have different influences on the dynamic response of the structures. For the tall concrete-faced rockfill dam (CFRD), it is not only built in the complex terrain such as river valley, but also its height has reached 300 m level, which puts forward higher requirements for the seismic safety of the anti-seepage system mainly comprising concrete face slabs, especially the accurate location of the weak area in seism. Considering the limitations of the traditional uniform vibration analysis method, we implemented an efficient dynamic interaction analysis between a tall CFRD and its foundation using a non-uniform wave input method with a viscous-spring artificial boundary and equivalent nodal loads. This method was then applied to investigate the dynamic stress distribution on the concrete face slabs for different seismic wave types and incident directions. The results indicate that dam-foundation interactions behave differently at different wave incident angles, and that the traveling wave effect becomes more evident in valley topography. Seismic wave type and incident direction dramatically influenced stress in the face slab, and the extreme stress values and distribution law will vary under oblique wave incidence. The influence of the incident direction on slab stress was particularly apparent when SH-waves arrived from the left bank. Specifically, the extreme stress values in the face slab increased with an increasing incident angle. Interestingly, the locations of the extreme stress values changed mainly along the axis of the dam, and did not exhibit large changes in height. The seismic safety of CFRDs is therefore lower at higher incident angles from an anti-seepage perspective. Therefore, it is necessary to consider both the seismic wave type and incident direction during seismic capacity evaluations of tall CFRDs.     

三维椭球形盆地对球面波的散射

针对三维沉积盆地对球面波的散射问题,发展一种快速宽频间接边界元方法(IBEM).利用ANSYS建立求解模型,基于Intel-Fortran编译器编译相应的计算程序,对基岩半空间三维半椭球形盆地对球面波的散射进行了数值分析,着重探讨入射波频率、波源埋深、波源与不规则地形(沉积盆地)距离等参数对地震动特性的影响规律,计算方...     

Distance scaling of vertical and horizontal response spectra of the Loma Prieta earthquake

Attenuations of the vertical and horizontal response spectra of the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake are developed through analyses of the ground motion at 53 sites within a 100 km radius of the source. The analyses are performed on the spectral ordinates for 16 incremental periods ranging from 0.05 to 2.0 sec. The response spectra are modelled empirically for two different site conditions characterized by rock and stiff-soil geologies. Data analysis is performed by the application of a non-linear multivariate regression procedure allowing for distance and site factor as independent variables. Variation of the vertical-to-horizontal (V/H) spectral ratios with wave frequency and distance shows the same behaviour as observed previously in the widely separated geographic regions of northeastern Taiwan and east-central Iran. The predicted ratios at sites underlain by stiff soil are generally higher than the commonly used value of 2/3 at high frequencies ( > 5 Hz) in the near-source region (R < 30 km), but reduce to 1/2 or less at longer periods and farther distances. This behaviour is also observed at rock sites; however, it is somewhat less pronounced. With a faster attenuation of spectral ordinates at higher frequencies, the shape of the response spectrum is found to change with distance. As expected, the spectral attenuation with distance is generally higher for the vertical spectrum than for the horizontal spectrum. The difference is particularly significant at the higher-frequency end of spectrum. Site amplification factors for stiff soil with respect to rock geology varies between 1.17 and 1.72 for horizontal spectrum and 1.01 and 1.81 for vertical spectrum. Spectral amplifications at four sites underlain by soft soil and artificial fill, are also evaluated. This is done by a comparison of the observed spectra with those predicted for rock geology at corresponding distances. As expected, the resulting amplification factors at soft-soil sites show significant increase relative to those at sites underlain by rock.     

不规则场地上基础的动阻抗及其在入射波作用下的输入运动

本文根据边界元方法建立了位不规则场上刚体的动阻抗和在入射平面波作用下的有效输入运动的分析模型，分析模型考虑了不规则场地和基础对入射波的散射作用以及土与基础的相互作用，通过验证确认了本方法的正确性，文中计算了凹陷，高地和盆地三种不规则场地土不同条件基础的动阻和有效输入的运动，并与半空间地基上相应基础的情况作了对比，计算表明，当基础尺寸与不规则场地范围可比时有必要用本文模型分析不规则场地的影响和土一结     

潮汐地电场谐波和各向波形的影响要素

潮汐地电场表现出近正弦形态,形态持续全天属TGF-A型,只在午前午后出现属TGF-B型,两类潮汐地电场前5阶谐波周期分别是23～24、12、7.9、6、4.8h.不同场地的潮汐地电场振幅谱可能有差异,周期变化的径向、切向月球潮汐力的振幅谱也存在差异.岩石裂隙面分布不同,则各向潮汐力对裂隙的作用效果不同,这可能是导致潮汐...