库尔勒垦区2000—2009年热量资源变化对棉花生产的影响

摘要：利用库尔勒垦区29团气象站2000-2009年气象资料,分别对垦区近10a稳定通过10℃、15℃、20℃界限温度的初、终日期,持续日数,积温及无霜期变化进行了分析。结果表明：近10a库尔勒垦区各界限温度的初日偏早、终日偏晚;稳定通过各界限温度的持续日数均多与历年;各界限温度积温均呈上升趋势;无霜期日数呈略下降趋势且近10a平均初霜日偏早,终霜日明显偏晚。棉花是喜温喜光作物,在棉花播种期、苗期、蕾期及花铃期对热量资源都有一定的需求,通过对热量资源与相应年份棉花单产的相关分析,得出热量资源丰富的年份棉花单产较高。     

博州地区近30年热量资源变化对棉花生育期的影响

利用博乐市、精河县2个国家基本气象站1991—2020年气象资料,采用相关分析、气候倾向率、突变检验等统计分析方法分析了近30 a博州地区热量资源变化对棉花生育期的影响。结果表明：(1)棉花生育期月平均气温、≥10℃积温呈明显上升趋势,≥35℃高温日数呈缓慢增加趋势;初霜期延后,终霜期提前,无霜期延长;日照时数呈缓慢增加趋势。(2)棉花生育期平均气温、≥10℃积温、无霜期的突变,博乐分别发生在2005、2008、2008年,精河分别发生在2005、2005、2011年,突变后两地平均气温分别增加0.6、1.2℃,≥10℃积温分别增加247.1、334.4℃·d,无霜期分别延长13.6、11.4 d;棉花生育期日数呈现增加趋势,博乐市、精河县变化趋势率分别为1.9、7.5 d/10 a。(3)相关分析表明,平均气温、10℃积温越高,棉花各发育期越提前,生育期越长;35℃高温日数越多,现蕾期、开花期、裂铃期越提前;无霜期越长、日照条件越好,对棉花生长越有利。(4)气候变化对博州地区棉花生产以有利为主。     

喀什市热量资源对气候变化的响应特征及对农业的影响

利用新疆喀什市气象局1971—2010年逐日气象资料,运用线性回归、P检验、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法分析了喀什市热量资源对气候变化的响应特征及对农业的影响。结果表明：近40a喀什市年平均气温呈极显著上升趋势,并于2000年发生了增暖性突变;无霜期明显延长,于1999年从一个相对偏短期跃变为一个相对偏长期;各界限温度积温和持续日数均呈增加趋势;0℃积温在2004年发生了由少到多的突变,20℃初、终日,持续日数,活动积温均在1999年发生了突变,其它各级农业界限温度出现日期、持续日数及活动积温未出现气候突变现象。喀什市热量资源整体增加趋势对农业生产有利。     

且末荒漠绿洲热量资源变化特征及资源潜力分析

根据新疆且末气象站1981—2010年气象整编资料,采用线性趋势分析、滑动平均、距平分析等方法,分析热量资源的变化特征。结果表明,近30 a来年平均气温呈上升趋势;≥0、≥10℃积温明显增加;日平均气温稳定通过0、10、15、20℃初日提前,终日稳定推后,持续日数增加;无霜期延长。且末荒漠与绿洲热量资源若能够得到合理利用,农业自然生产潜力还很大。     

1981—2022年藏东南4种界限温度时空变化

基于1981—2022年藏东南（林芝市）4个气象站点的日平均气温数据,采用线性倾向估计、Person系数、Mann-Kendall检验、优势主导分析等方法,分析了藏东南≥0℃、≥5℃、≥10℃和≥15℃共4种界限温度的时空变化特征。结果表明：(1)受海拔影响,藏东南4种积温总体呈自东南向西北递减的变化特征,各地≥0℃、≥5℃、≥10℃和≥15℃积温分别介于3161.4～4429.9℃·d、2869.2～4018.0℃·d、2273.3～3258.0℃·d和608.8～2133.2℃·d。(2)近42 a藏东南4种界限温度均呈初日提前、终日推迟、持续日数延长的趋势,≥10℃界限温度变幅最小,除初日外,≥15℃界限温度变幅最大。≥0℃和≥5℃持续日数的延长主要是初日提前引起的,≥10℃与≥15℃持续日数的增加主要是终日推迟导致的。4种积温均表现出极显著的增加趋势,增幅分别为123.81℃·d/10 a、136.71℃·d/10 a、76.22℃·d/10 a、166.43℃·d/10 a。(3)年代际变化上,4种积温具有明显的逐年代际增加态势。21世纪10年代是研究时段内最温暖的10 a,...     

近50a石河子棉区≥10℃积温时空变化特征

利用石河子棉区4个气象站1971-2020年的逐日气象资料,采用气候倾向率、累计距平、均方差、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,分析了石河子棉区10℃积温的时空变化特征。结果表明;石河子棉区各地及全区≥10℃初日呈显著提前趋势,≥10℃终日略微推迟,≥10℃持续日数显著延长,≥10℃积温明显增多。≥10℃积温及持续日数均在1964年发生了由少到多的突变,≥10℃积温主要在5-9月,7月为高峰值。≥10℃积温正常年份最多,概率超过64%,依次向两端递减。≥10℃积温偏低地区主要在莫索湾,≥10℃积温偏高地区主要在乌兰乌苏。阶段Ⅱ（1995-2020年）与阶段Ⅰ（1961-1994年）相比,≥10℃积温3500-3800℃·d明显减少,3800-4100℃·d明显增多。气候变化背景下,石河子棉区热量条件有较好的改善,棉花低温冷害会有所减轻,石河子棉区品中布局仍应以早熟或特早熟为主。     

扎兰屯地区近30年气象条件变化及与作物产量的关系

利用扎兰屯地区1971-2000年的温度和降水资料，分析大于等于0℃、10℃、15℃、20℃活动积温的变化及各界限温度持续期间降水的变化，发现它们都呈上升趋势。用10年直线滑动平均法对扎兰屯地区作物产量资料进行处理，分离出趋势产量和气象产量，计算各气象因子与气象产量的相关系数，分析气象因子对产量的影响。玉米和大豆产量与积温关系较大，积温增加使产量增加；马铃薯和小麦产量则与降水量关系较大，降水增多会使产量降低。     

江苏省GEF项目区气候变暖的农业效应

基于江苏适应气候变化农业开发项目区1961-2008年逐日气温和降水资料,统计分析了48a来苏北项目区气温、降水的变化特征,以及在此背景下界限温度的积温、无霜期长短、四季时间和参考蒸散的变化特征.结果表明,48a来苏北≥0℃、≤ 10℃积温量和积温日数显著增加,无霜期延长了15-30d;春季时间延长最明显,夏季次之,冬...     

近50a石河子棉区≥10℃积温时空变化特征

利用石河子棉区4个气象站1971—2020年逐日气象资料，采用气候倾向率、累积距平、均方差、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法，分析了石河子棉区≥10℃积温的变化特征。结果表明：石河子棉区≥10℃初日呈显著提前趋势，终日略微推迟，持续日数显著延长，积温明显增多；≥10℃积温及持续日数均在1994年发生了由少到多的突变；≥10℃积温正常年份的概率超过64%，依次向两端递减；≥10℃积温偏低地区主要在莫索湾，偏高地区主要在乌兰乌苏。气候变化背景下，石河子棉区热量条件有较好的改善，棉花延迟型低温冷害有所减轻，石河子棉区品种布局应以早熟棉为主。     

1981—2022年西藏“一江两河”主要农区农业界限温度变化特征

日平均气温≥10℃是喜温作物适宜生长的下限温度。西藏“一江两河”主要农区≥10℃积温变化是判断该地区热量资源的关键指标。基于1981—2022年该区域9个气象站点的日平均气温数据,使用线性倾向估计、Pearson相关系数、Mann-Kendall检验和R/S分析法,分析≥10℃界限温度的气候变化特征。结果表明：(1)随着海拔高度的升高,≥10℃界限温度出现明显垂直地带性特征,包括≥10℃初日推迟、终日提前、持续日数与积温减少。(2)近42 a来,该地区≥10℃初日普遍提前,气候倾向率为-2.53 d·(10 a)^-1;终日延后,倾向率为3.33 d·(10 a)^-1;持续日数和积温均明显增加,倾向率分别为5.87 d·(10 a)^-1、106.19℃·d·(10 a)^-1。与青藏高原其他地区相比,这种变化更为明显。(3)20世纪80年代是过去40 a≥10℃初日最迟、终日最早、持续日数最短、积温最少的10 a,与之相对的是21世纪10年代的情况截然相反。(4)≥10℃界限温度的H指数均大于0.65,...     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.