冀东平原土壤重金属元素的存在形态及有效性分析

通过对冀东平原根系土中8种重金属元素形态含量的统计与分析,总结出其形态组成特征,初步分析了各重金属元素在土壤中的地球化学行为。笔者运用相关性分析方法,对重金属元素有效态含量与全量及土壤pH、TOC的相关性进行分析,从而得出重金属元素有效态含量的高低不仅受其全量的影响,而且与土壤pH、TOC亦有密切关系,这为表层土壤重金属元素污染程度的科学合理评价提供了理论依据。     

吉林中部黑土区土壤硒元素土壤地球化学研究

通过对吉林中部黑土区土壤和玉米植物中硒元素的地球化学研究,分析了元素Se在土壤--植物之间的转化--吸收机制。研究结果表明:吉林黑土区土壤中Se的含量为0.126~0.408μg/g,高于吉林省土壤元素环境背景值,略低于全国土壤元素背景值;吉林省黑土区土壤中Se的含量存在空间差异;土壤Se元素有效态转化程度较低,玉米对Se元素表现为极弱吸收;有效Se与土壤Se全量无密切关系,而有效Se与有效Ca、pH呈极显著的正相关;土壤中Cr、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni和Zn有效量对Se转化有明显的负作用;玉米籽实中Se含量与土壤中Se全量、有效量、土壤pH值及其他元素有效量均无显著的相关性。     

河北昌黎县葡萄种植区农业地球化学特征

本文在充分收集、整理分析昌黎县葡萄种植区内地质、水文、化探及农业生态方面资料的基础上,通过对种植区内的成土母岩、成土母质、耕种土、葡萄植株进行系统取样分析,研究了该区土壤肥力、土壤环境的地球化学特征以及矿物质元素在岩石-土壤-葡萄植株系统中的迁移、转化规律。研究结果显示:昌黎县葡萄种植区内土质优良,各元素含量适中,土壤绿色无污染,土壤中的化学成分组合和分布对花岗岩具有明显的继承性和依赖性,P、Ca、Cu、Mg、Mo、Zn、B、Mn、Se、K等元素是葡萄在生长过程中需要从土壤中大量吸收的营养元素。     

廊坊地区土壤重金属存在形态及有效性分析

通过对廊坊39个样点根系土中As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb共5种重金属元素各形态含量的统计与分析,总结出该区根系土重金属元素形态组成特征,初步分析了各重金属元素在土壤中的地球化学行为。运用相关性分析方法,对5种重金属元素有效态含量与全量及土壤pH、TOC的相关性进行分析。根据分析结果,重金属元素有效态含量的高低不仅受其全量的影响,而且与土壤pH、TOC亦有着密切关系。该结论为评估廊坊表层土壤重金属元素污染程度提供了理论依据。     

福建龙海市土壤营养元素全量特征及有效量预测

以福建龙海市为研究区,在不同地质背景、土地利用方式、土壤类型和土壤成因类型条件下进行样品采集,共采集56件土壤样品,测定pH值、有机质含量(SOM)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、营养元素全量及有效量。利用相关分析、线性回归分析等统计手段,探究土壤中营养元素有效量的影响因素,建立并验证了研究区土壤中营养元素有效量的预测模型,以此深入了解区内土壤养分状况,为该区土地的合理利用及治理提供科学依据。结果表明：龙海市土壤呈酸性—强酸性,有机质含量较低,阳离子交换量偏低;土壤中N、P、K、Mo、Zn元素全量相对富集;元素全量、有效量及其有效度变异性较强;土壤中B、Cu、K、Mn等营养元素全量与有效量相关性较好,土壤pH值对K、Mo、Si的有效度有一定影响,CEC与Si的有效度呈显著正相关,SOM增加有利于提高Cu、Fe、Mn、P、Zn等元素有效量。通过土壤全量分析数据及土壤理化指标建立的线性模型,可以预测表层土壤中Cu、Fe、Mo、Mo、P、S、Si等营养元素的有效量,若引入更多影响因子,将有利于进一步提高模型的拟合效果,使得预测更准确。     

安徽省旌德白茶主产地地球化学特征研究

通过在旌德县白地镇周边开展茶叶、根系土、母质土壤、岩石地球化学测量,测定了表层土壤的pH值,查明了主产地内20余种元素的地球化学分布分配特征,分析各载体之间地球化学元素相互关系,探索茶叶品质与不同地质背景之间的联系,测定了茶叶根系土壤元素有效量及全量,并就茶叶元素与根系土壤有效量与对应全量元素之间相关性进行了研究,结果可知:旌德白茶主产地表层土壤元素含量频数分布均呈正态分布,相对富集Cd、Se等10种元素,表层土壤元素平均含量砂页岩相对较高,岩浆岩分布相对较低,通过取样分析,旌德白茶污染物及重金属指标均在相关标准限值之内,茶叶对根系土壤元素利用效率上第四纪冲积地层砂页岩花岗闪长岩灰岩。为了生产优质茶叶和提高茶叶产量,降低茶叶中有害元素安全风险并提高有益元素含量,可选择表层土壤中Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn元素含量相对偏低,B含量相对偏高的区域种植茶树。研究结果为生产优质茶叶提供了参考依据。     

北京房山南部地区富硒土壤生物有效性特征及来源

依据北京房山南部地区详细的土壤地质调查数据,通过土壤有效Se的累频分级,发现土壤Se全量与有效Se在空间分布上呈现很好的一致性。进一步的相关分析表明,表层土壤中元素C、N、S、有机质及重金属元素Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn的含量与土壤Se含量相关性较高,与元素P含量及p H值的相关性较低。通过对研究区普遍种植的6种农作物、经济作物和蔬菜中Se与对应根系土中Se含量的相关性研究,发现小麦和玉米的富Se能力最强,是提升农产品附加值的备选品种。土壤剖面Se全量的垂向分布特征表明,Se属于表聚型,且随着远离山前,Se有效态所占比例越来越高,难迁移态中的比例越来越低;最后结合地质学、大地构造学、岩石地球化学等方面综合论证,得出研究区富Se土壤中的Se主要来自杨家屯煤系地层,途径以周口店河和马刨泉河为主,大石河为辅。     

浙北地区土壤元素有效量及其影响因素研究

浙江省北部地区调查研究表明,受成土母质来源、土壤类型及其理化性质等因素的影响,土壤元素全量、有效量及其有效度表现为:1)低山丘陵岗地土壤中As,Cd,Mo,Pb和Se全量较高,As,Cd,Fe,Pb,Se和Zn有效量较高;而山前平原区土壤中Hg,Pb和Zn元素全量较高,由地表向深部的下降递度较小,显示为原始沉积成因特点。2)中酸性、富含有机质的红壤和水稻土中As,Cd,Cu,Fe,Mn,Pb,Se,Zn等元素有效度较高,水稻土Hg有效度最低;弱碱性或碱性、贫有机质的潮土和滨海盐砂土中As,Cd,Cu,Fe,Mn,Pb,Se,Zn等元素有效量较低,但B有效量及有效度均较高。3)统计分析表明,土壤中Mn,Cu,Zn,Mo,Cd,Pb,Se等元素全量与有效量间具显著正相关性,表明全量是有效量的重要影响控制因素;有机质含量与Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd,As和Pb有效度间为显著正相关,说明有机质较高有利于土壤元素活化;Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd,As,Pb和Se有效度与pH值为显著负相关,表明土壤酸性增强(酸化)会增加这类元素的生物有效性。     

硫铁矿冶炼区不同土地利用方式及土壤类型对重金属迁移的影响

为探讨硫铁矿冶炼区不同土地利用方式和土壤类型对重金属元素迁移的影响,采集了毕节市林口废弃硫铁矿冶炼厂内耕地砂壤土及附近林地石灰土表层和深层样共40组。室内测试土壤理化指标Pb、Zn、Cd全量和有效态含量,并对重金属元素含量的水平和垂直分布特征及重金属元素含量的相关性进行了讨论。结果表明:土壤中Pb和Zn的含量均符合土壤环境质量二级标准值,耕地表层土壤Cd含量是贵州省农业土壤背景值的7倍。土壤Cd有效态含量占全量的比值最大,而Pb和Zn有效态含量占全量的比值差别较小。耕地砂壤土Zn和Cd的全量随剖面深度的增加表现为先增大后减小,Pb呈减少的趋势;Pb和Zn的有效态含量随剖面深度的增加而减少,Cd有效态含量呈波动变化。林地石灰土中Pb、Zn、Cd的全量和有效态含量均随剖面深度的增加而减少,且Pb、Zn、Cd全量之间及全量与有效态含量之间都具有显著的正相关关系,而在耕地中各元素的相关性不明显。土壤频繁的扰动和偏酸性的环境有利于重金属垂向迁移。      

吉林西部锰、钼元素土壤地球化学特征

对农安、大安、通榆工作区表层土壤Mn、Mo元素全量和有效量、剖面土壤全量及葵花籽实中Mn、Mo元素含量的研究结果表明:吉林西部土壤表层Mn、Mo元素全量差异源于各区沉积物质的不同;吉林西部有效Mn含量丰富,有效Mo严重缺乏,Mn、Mo皆为强烈转化;表层土壤Mn、Mo元素有效量与全量、有机质含量呈极显著相关;各区葵花籽实中Mn、Mo两种元素含量差别较小,土壤pH值影响葵花对Mo元素的吸收。     

Relationship among geochemical elements in soil and grapes as terroir fingerprintings in Vitis vinifera L. cv. “Glera”

Prosecco, one of the most popular sparkling wines in the world, is produced in Italy. For this reason, it is important to develop a scientific method for determining geographic origin in order to prevent fraudulent labelling. To establish the relationship between geochemistry of vineyard soil and chemical composition of grape, a geochemical characterization of “Glera”, a Vitis vinifera cultivar from Italian Region, Veneto was undertaken. We evaluated the relationship between major and trace elements in soil and their concentrations in “Glera” grape berries in vineyards belonging to five localities in the Veneto alluvial plain, all included in the Controlled Designation of Origin (DOC) area of Prosecco. A statistically significant correspondence between the soil and grape was observed for Sr. Multivariate analysis (LDA) allowed discrimination of samples of soil and grape berries from each single winery according to the geographic origin. The elements that could establish a reliable correspondence between the geolithological features of the vineyard soil and the chemical composition of grape berries are: Sr, Ba, Ca, Mg, Al, K, Zn, B, Ni, Co.     

温郁金的石灰土栽培及其营养元素动态变化初步研究

为探索原产浙江温州地区的药用植物温郁金是否能在石灰土上生长,通过盆栽试验对比研究了温郁金在石灰土和红壤上生长及其生长过程中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe 6种元素含量的动态变化。结果表明: 温郁金不但可以在石灰土上生长,而且其药用部位(莪术之一)的产量、莪术油的含量及莪术油中主要药用组分β -榄香稀等的含量都较大;石灰土上生长的温郁金在生长前期较快地表现出老叶明显发黄的缺肥症状,而红壤植株在追加N、P、K 3种大量元素后功能叶子呈现黄白色,且夹带有褐色斑点的缺肥症状;石灰土中Fe元素有效态含量比红壤低一个数量级,但在石灰土上种植的温郁金植株其Fe元素含量并不比红壤上的低。由此认为: ( 1)温郁金基本可以在石灰土上引种栽培;石灰土种植温郁金对施加化肥诱发的土壤元素缺乏具有较强的抵抗性; ( 2)温郁金元素的吸收受地质背景制约。      

Total Mercury Distribution and Volatilization in Microcosms with and Without the Aquatic Macrophyte Eichhornia Crassipes

Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic pollutants and spreads in the environment according to its affinity to several compartments. Aquatic macrophytes, such as Eichhornia crassipes, are known as sites for accumulation of Hg and methylmercury formation. The objective of this research was to observe Hg distribution among air, water and whole plants of the macrophyte E. crassipes for 17?days. The distribution of a single ²⁰³Hg spike was evaluated by gamma spectrometry. Two experiments, with and without macrophytes, were made, and the compartments analyzed for the presence of Hg were air, 0.2-μm filtered water, suspended and settled particles, roots, leafs, petioles and adsorption on the desiccators walls. ²⁰³Hg was detected in all analyzed compartments, and the highest total Hg concentrations were found in the roots and particles of the incubations with and without macrophytes that retained in average 68 and 34?% of added Hg, respectively. On the other hand, the lowest concentrations were found in air for both incubations, with higher volatilization (up to 2.5?% of added Hg) in the absence of macrophytes. The lower Hg values in leafs and petioles suggest this plant has mechanisms of Hg retention in the roots. Results suggest this macrophyte promotes changes in the Hg cycle since it attracts most Hg present in water and particulate to its roots and settled particles underneath and also reduces Hg volatilization.     

红原泥炭6000a以来元素异常及其可能反映甘青地区人类活动信息的初步研究

通过对红原泥炭沉积剖面Pb,Zn,Fe,Mn,Cu,Co,Ni,Ti,V,Al等10种元素和灰分的测试,发现多数元素在该剖面的变化与灰分变化较为一致,但Cu,Pb和Zn元素的变化在剖面300cm以上出现较大异常:这3种元素的变化与其他元素变化呈相反的规律,而且Pb和Zn两种元素的含量较之剖面下部出现数量级的增大。通过对比,发现元素含量的异常与位于剖面上风区的甘青地区新石器时代晚期-青铜时代文化在发生时间上较为吻合,认为这可能是人类活动环境效应的记录。用600~300cm段的元素变化作为背景值,用与Pb,Zn元素相关较好的4种元素分别计算出二者变化的自然背景值,从而分离出了人类活动强度信息与自然环境背景值,分离结果与著名的青海柳湾墓地出土人口规模对比较好。     

Trace‐element signatures of apatites in granitoids from the Mt Isa Inlier,northwestern Queensland

The concentrations of trace elements in apatite from granitoid rocks of the Mt Isa Inlier have been investigated using the laser‐ablation inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) microprobe. The results indicate that the distribution of trace elements (especially rare‐earth elements (REE), Sr, Y, Mn and Th) in apatite strongly reflects the chemical characteristics of the parental rock. The variations in the trace‐element concentrations of apatite are correlated with parameters such as the SiO₂ content, oxidation state of iron, total alkalis and the aluminium saturation index (ASI). The relative enrichment of Y, HREE and Mn and the relative depletion of Sr in the apatites studied reflect the degree of fractionation of the host granite. Apatites from strongly oxidised plutons tend to have higher concentrations of LREE relative to MREE. Manganese concentrations are higher in apatite from reduced granitoids because Mn²⁺substitutes directly for Ca²⁺. The La/Ce ratio of apatite is well‐correlated with the whole‐rock K²O and Na²O contents, as well as with the oxidation state and ASI. Because apatite trace‐element composition reflects the chemistry of the whole rock, it can be a useful indicator mineral for the recognition of mineralised granite suites, where particular mineralisation styles are associated with granitoids that have specific geochemical fingerprints.     

Inter-element relationships between trace elements in primitive carbonaceous and unequilibrated ordinary chondrites

The results of a search for significant (95 % confidence level) inter-element relationships among 13 trace elements in carbonaceous chondrites and 26 elements and the disequilibrium parameter for silicate phases in unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOC) indicate pronounced differences in the formation processes of these two sorts of primitive chondrites. Twenty-six pairs of elements are correlated in carbonaceous chondrites and these correlations lend support to a model involving mixing in different ratios of material differing in thermal history.Comparison of the 26 elements in UOC shows that 39 pairs of elements are significantly related and only very volatile elements are correlated with the disequilibrium parameter. Each of the inter-element relationships can be specifically ascribed to a metal-silicate fractionation in the solar nebula or to a thermal fractionation. These relationships are about equally consistent with the metamorphism, two-component condensation and simultaneous accretion-condensation models for the origin, of the ordinary chondrites, each requiring adoption of specific ad hoc assumptions for complete consistency.     

Archaean tectonic processes: a case for horizontal shortening in the North Pilbara Granite-Greenstone Terrane,Western Australia

The Archaean Pilbara granitoid-greenstone terrane (GGT) has been the focus of numerous studies on Archaean geology, especially the classic dome-and-basin area around Marble Bar in the east Pilbara. This area has been used as evidence for different tectonic processes, i.e. that vertical tectonics or diapirism was a cause for Archaean deformation. This paper provides evidence to support regional horizontal (plate-interaction) stresses as being largely responsible for the compressive deformation of the Pilbara GGT, at least from ca. 3.2 Ga. The relative chronology of meso-to macro-scale structural elements are presented for a number of selected areas across the Pilbara GGT. These locally identified events are correlated with a regional (Pilbara-wide) structural framework of deformation events that are constrained by geochronological and stratigraphic controls. The dome-and-basin geometry characteristic of the east Pilbara was established after 3.2 Ga, and was successively modified by repeated orthogonal extensional and compressive (subhorizontal) events. The result has been a locally complex development of polyphase structural elements with consistent overprinting relationships that can be correlated across much of the Pilbara from 3.2 Ga. Diapirism did not cause these deformation elements, although it may have modified them.     

滇东南马关巨晶单斜辉石原位Sr同位素特征及其含水性

对滇东南马关火山爆砾岩筒以及玄武岩中的单斜辉石巨晶进行了主量元素、微量元素、原位Sr同位素以及含水性研究,结果显示,单斜辉石巨晶均为铝质普通辉石,Mg#与Al、Fe、Ti呈负相关,与Ca呈正相关;稀土元素总量不高,HREE及LREE亏损,而MREE相对富集,大离子亲石元素均出现明显亏损,高场强元素Nb、Zr出现亏损而Hf略富集,Nb、Ta与Zr、Hf分馏明显,Rb、Ba的变化范围较大。原位Sr同位素87Sr/86Sr值为0. 703 92～0. 705 06,巨晶单斜辉石来源于上地幔,形成于同一母岩浆,与寄主玄武岩同源,为源岩浆在高压下的结晶产物。运用显微红外-傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Micro-FTIR)分析测试了单斜辉石巨晶的水含量,结果显示OH吸收峰位于3 700～2 800cm-1,含水量赋值范围为318×10-6～693×10-6,水含量稍富于女山及汉诺坝地区的单斜辉石巨晶,也高于马关地区幔源橄榄岩包体中的单斜辉石结构水含量,暗示该区上地幔岩石圈具高含水性,这同时证实了俯冲洋壳在研究区的活动。新近纪到达地幔过渡带的西太平洋洋壳俯冲发生转向东撤,此时新特提斯洋洋壳正在NE向俯冲,是马关地区深部地幔富水的主因,到达软流圈(或地幔过渡带)的新特提斯洋俯冲洋壳导致该区地幔熔融,岩浆随之而生。     

山西平朔安太堡露天矿9号煤层中的微量元素

使用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ方法对安太堡露天矿９号煤层中的微量元素进行了系统测定,检测出５３种微量元素,将研究煤样的平均微量元素质量分数与世界范围微量元素平均质量分数相比较,煤样中Ｌｉ,Ｇａ,Ｓｒ,Ｚｒ,Ｎｂ,Ｓｎ和Ｔａ具有较高的富集,而Ｃｒ,Ｃｏ,Ｎｉ,Ｇｅ,Ｒｂ,Ｙ,Ｃｓ和Ｂａ具有较低的富集,研究资料表明不同微量元素在垂向剖面上其质量分数具有不同的分布特征。经相关分析表明：（１）与镜质组含量相关的元素有     

基于电感耦合等离子体质谱/光谱技术研究朱溪钨铜矿床原生晕地球化学特征

江西朱溪钨铜矿是近年新发现的具有超大型规模前景的钨铜矿床,本文采集了大量朱溪钨铜矿床样品,用偏振激发能量色散X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱/光谱等技术分析主量和微量元素含量,根据各元素的含量水平以10种主要成矿元素(W、Sn、Bi、Mo、Pb、Zn、Cu、As、Sb、Ag)作为分析研究区原生晕地球化学特征的指示元素。结果表明,Cu、Zn、Ag、Pb和W、Bi、Sn、Mo的元素共生组合十分明显,同时W与Cu也有相关性,富集W的部位同样也富集了Cu。成矿元素在空间上的分布特征为:1同一剖面上越往北西方向,W为主的高温元素更为富集;平面上越往南西方向,W为主的高温元素更为富集;越往深部,W为主的高温元素更为富集。2Cu为主的中温元素富集深度比W为主的高温元素富集深度浅。研究认为,铜矿富集部位在中、深部(-1400~-1500 m),钨矿富集部位在深部(-1400~-1900 m),Ag、As、Sb等低温元素的富集部位更靠近地表(-1100~-1200 m)。这种剖面线上和平面上的原生晕地球化学特征为该矿床进一步勘探工作与成矿预测提供了理论依据。