Impact of the El Nino on the Variability of the Antarctic Sea Ice Extent

1　IntroductionManymeteorologistsandoceanographerspaidmuchattentiontothestudyofthemechanismofENSOformanyyears,suchasBjerknes(1 966) ,Wyrtki(1 975) ,McCreary(1 983 ) ,Philander(1 984) ,ZhangandChao(1 993 )andMcCPhaden(1 998)havemadegreatdevelopmentinthestudyofENSO .Especiallyinthe 1 990’s,withtheincreasingofthedatainthedeepocean ,thesomeonearguedthattheENSOepisodehadcloserelation shipwiththeeasterntransportationoftheanomalousseasurfacetemperatureinthewestPacific(LiandMu 1 999;Huang 2…     

Modeling Study of Seasonal Variation of the Pelagic-Benthic Ecosystem Characteristics of the Bohai Sea

Based on experiment data of the Sino-German comprehensive investigations in the Bohai Sea in 1998 and 1999, a simple coupled pelagic-benthic ecosystem multi-box model is used to simulate the ecosystem seasonal variation. The pelagic sub-model consists of seven state variables： phytoplankton, zooplankton, TIN, TIP, DOC, POC and dissolved oxygen （DO）. The benthic sub-model includes macro-benthos, meiobenthos, bacteria, detritus, TIN and TIP in the sediment. Besides the effects of solar radiation, water temperature and the nutrient from sea bottom exudation, land-based inputs are considered. The impact of the advection terms between the boxes is also considered. Meanwhile, the effects of the micro- bial-loop are introduced with a simple parameterization. The seasonal variations and the horizontal distributions of the ecosystem state variables of the Bohai Sea are simulated. Compared with the observations, the results of the multi-box model are reasonable. The modeled results show that about 13% of the photosynthesis primary production goes to the main food loop, 20% transfers to the benthic domain, 44% is consumed by the respiration of phytoplankton, and the rest goes to DOC. Model results also show the importance of the microbial food loop in the ecosystem of the Bohai Sea, and its contribution to the annual zooplankton production can be 60%-64%.     

Impact of the E1 Nino on the Variability of the Antarctic Sea Ice Extent

In this paper, the spreading way in the southern hemisphere that anomalous warm water piled in tropical eastern Pacific is analysed and then impact of E1 Nino on the variability of the Antarctic sea ice extent is investigated by using a dataset from 1970 to 2002. The analysis result show that in E1 Nino event the anomalous warm water piled in tropical eastern Pacific is poleward propagation yet the westward propagation along southern equator current hash “t been discovered . The poleward propagation time of the anomalous warm water is about 1 year or so. E1 Nino event has a close relationship with the sea ice extent in the Amundsen sea , Bellingshausen sea and Antarctic peninsula . After E1 Nino appears , there is a lag of two years that the sea ice in the Amundsen sea , Bellingshausea sea, especially in the Antarctic peninsula decreases obviously. The processes that E1 Nino has influence with Antarctic sea ice extent is the warm water piled in tropical eastern Pacific poleward propagation along off the coast of southern America and cause the anomalous temperature raise in near pole and then lead the sea ice in Amundsen sea , Bellingshausen sea and Antarctic peninsula to decrease where the obvious decrease of the sea ice since 80’ decade has close relation to the frequently appearance of E1 Nino.     

Analysis of the stability and seismic behavior of the geosynthetic-reinforced embankments under earthquake

The stability and seismic behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced embankments during the earthquake is not well known.In this paper,the damage types of embankments were summarized,and the seismic stability of reinforced embankment were analyzed through an earthquake damage investigation in the Wenchuan earthquake region.Then,large-scale shaking table model tests were performed on the geosynthetic-reinforced embankment.The results show that the damage level of the reinforced embankment was almost less than that of the unreinforced embankment.The peak seismic earth pressure was nonlinear along the height of the embankment,the largest peak seismic earth pressure was roughly in the middle of the embankment slope.The peak ground accelerations(PGA)amplification factor first showed an increasing pattern and then a decreasing pattern with the increase of elevation,but there was a final increasing trend along the height of the reinforced embankment.The results can help to establish the proper design of the reinforcement embankments under earthquake conditions.     

Influence of the Convection over the South China Sea on the Summer Precipitation of Shandong Province

1　Introduction　ShandongProvince ,whichislocatedintheeastofChina ,consistspartlyofpeninsulaandpartlyofinlandwithatotalareaofabout 1 5 0 0 0 0km2 .Lyingfrom34°2 0′Nto 38°2 0′Nandfrom 1 1 4°4 0′Eto 1 2 2°4 0′E ,alltheareabelongstothemoderateregionandtothetypicalAsianmonsoonclimate .SoShandong’ssum merprecipitationaccountsforover 6 0 %oftheannualrainfall,andaccordinglyflood droughtdisastersmain lyoccurinsummer.Moreover,becauseitisgeographi callylocatedinthetransitionalareabetweenthe…     

The Effect of Bioturbation Activity of the Ark Clam Scapharca subcrenata on the Fluxes of Nutrient Exchange at the Sediment–Water Interface

Filter-feeding shellfish are common benthos and significantly affect the biogeochemical cycle in the shallow coastal ecosystems.Ark clam Scapharca subcrenata is one of the widely cultured bivalve species in many coastal areas owing to its tremendous economic value.However,there is little information regarding the effects of the bioturbation of S.subcrenata on the fluxes of nutrient exchange in the sediment-water interface(SWI).In this regard,S.subcrenata was sampled during October 2016 to determine the effects of its bioturbation activity on the nutrient exchange flux of the SWI.The results showed that the biological activity of S.subcrenata could increase the diffusion depth and the rate of the nutrients exchange in the sediments.The bioturbation of S.subcrenata could allow the nutrients to permeate into the surface sediments at 6-10cm and increase the release rate of nutrients at the SWI.The releasing fluxes of DIN and PO43−-P in the culture area were found to be around three times higher than that in the non-cultured region.The culture of S.subcrenata has been proved to be an important contributor to nutrient exchange across the SWI in the farming area of Haizhou Bay.Nutrients exchange in the SWI contributes a part of 86%DIN,71%PO43−-P and 18%SiO32−-Si for the aquaculture farm.     

Recognition and Significance of Volcanic Rocks of the Anda Depression of the Songliao Basin in Jurassic-Cretaceous

In the northern Songliao Basin, volcanics are fre-quently found and related closely to tectonic activi-ties during Early Cretaceous. The lava is mainly erupted along deep faults and distributed along the margine of the faulted depression. In deep part of Xujiaweizi area, natural gas exploration has been very successful, such as in the well Wang 9-12, well Shengshen 101 and well Fangshen 9 which are all highly-yield gas wells. Anda fault depression is lo-cated in the north of Xujia…     

Digital Identification of Ecosystem Structure in the FIrtIna Valley of the Kakar Mountains in the Rize City of Turkey

Identifying the structure of protected mountain ecosystems is an important task for understanding conservation sustainability. The study area, the Firtina Valley, located in the Rize City on the Eastern Blacksea Coast, is one of the biological hotspots and a National Park of Turkey. In order to identify the structure of mountain ecosystems, we generated a GIS database for the main environmental parameters of the study area, including elevation,slope and aspect layers for topographic structure, 10year mean values of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), data for vegetation structure, annual mean temperature and precipitation layers for climatic structure, main soil groups for soil structure and stream flow accumulation, stream flow length and stream order layers for hydrological structure.To identify the complex relations among environmental factors in the study area a data reduction method is applied with Principal Component Analysis(PCA). PCA is performed using data of 16 layers from Geographical Information Systems(GIS). PCA analysis reduced 16 dimensions into 5 dimensions containing 75% of the variation in all data. It is also revealed that the topographic structure, mainly altitude, dominates the ecosystems of the Firtina Valley, but it should be considered that the interactions of environmental factors in an ecosystem dynamics are very complex. The ecosystem structure is determined by the environmental factors direct or indirect effects on energy regulation of an ecosystem. Therefore the relationship between topographic elements and other abiotic-biotic elements in the Firtina Valley are important for environmental assessment and sustainability of a protected area, and these effects are explained in this study.     

The study on the effect of NO on the growth of Chaetoceros curvisetus

1 INTRODUCTION As a recently recognized information molecule in campaign of the “Molecule of the Year” by Sci- ence magazine, nitric oxide (NO) has attracted much attention from biologists and many other field scien- tists, for its very important physio…     

浅谈电影片名翻译技巧

电影不仅是作为一种艺术品，同时也是作为一种商品存在，而电影片名就好比是电影的一件外衣，因此，确切地翻译电影片名非常重要。电影片名的翻译技巧有很多，同时影响电影片名的翻译的因素也有很多。因此．在翻译电影片名时要从各方面因素考虑，从而选择恰当的翻译技巧．使得译名不仅能够从意义上忠实于源名。涵盖电影的内容，同时在形式上做到简练并具有吸引力。     

浅谈电影片名翻译技巧

电影不仅是作为一种艺术品,同时也是作为一种商品存在,而电影片名就好比是电影的一件外衣,因此,确切地翻译电影片名非常重要。电影片名的翻译技巧有很多,同时影响电影片名的翻译的因素也有很多。因此,在翻译电影片名时要从各方面因素考虑,从而选择恰当的翻译技巧,使得译名不仅能够从意义上忠实于源名,涵盖电影的内容,同时在形式上做到简练并具有吸引力。     

从静止与流动中认识舞蹈构图与调度的艺术作用

在群舞创作中,舞蹈构图就是舞蹈演员与整个舞台空间的静止画面,"静止"是舞蹈构图的表现形式,"流动"是舞蹈调度的表现形式,作为舞蹈构图与构图的必要连接,在营造舞蹈情境和增强形式美上起到了补充作用。舞蹈调度是变换舞蹈构图的一种过程,舞蹈构图是调度过程的某一个停顿和结果。二者相辅相成,不断进行连接和变化,为表现舞蹈作品的主题,交代环境情节和塑造舞蹈形象而发挥其特有的作用。     

贝壳中维界面的亲疏水特征

【目的】从亲疏水特征的角度对贝壳各层次结构中的界面进行分析探讨。【方法】采用接触角测量仪对贝壳的中维界面、无机文石及无机方解石进行水接触角测量。【结果】贝壳内表面的水接触角普遍大于90°,其中最大值为113°,最小值为91°;贝壳表壳层内表面边缘位置的水接触角平均值为67°,内部位置的水接触角平均值为112°;无机文石及无机方解石平整表面的水接触角均小于90°,其平均值分别为50°、49°。【结论】贝壳内表面具有疏水性,即有机质层具有疏水性;由于具有亲水特征的文石及方解石为贝壳矿物的主要成分,说明贝壳矿物结构具有亲水性;贝壳表壳层内表面边缘呈现亲水特征,内部呈现疏水特征。     

A PREDICTION ABOUT THE EFFECT OF THE BUILDING OF SHUIKOU HYDROPOWER STATION ON THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE MIDDLE-LOWER REACHES OF THE MINJIANG RIVER

The building of Shuikou Hydropower Station in the Minjiang River is the largest one in the region of east China. Its install capacity is 1.4 million kw., and its generated energy of planning is 4.95 billion kwh each year. In accordance with a comprehensive survey of the valley of the middle-lower reaches of the Minjiang River and the characteristic of hydrography and in association with the specific type of the hydrography station, we can be sure that no harm will be done to the ecological environment when a hydropower station is built at Shuikou. Not only the deposition of silt within the reservoir must not be very serious, it is also more favorable than before for the irrigation of farmland on plains in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River and inland navigation.In addition, after the completion of the power station, the ecological environment will be the same as before both at the Minjiang River estuary and beyond it.     

THE PROTECTION OF THE ECOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE GREEN CORRIDOR IN THE LOWER REACHES OF THE TARIM RIVER

The Green Corridor in the lower reaches of the Tarim River is not only a unique natural landscape in desert but also an important passageway. Nowadays, the ecologic environment of the corridor is getting worse and worse due to man's economic activities and the lack of knowledge of the importance of the environment, which is one of is the three environment problems in Xinjiang. The corridor is in great need of planning and managing.     

基于第三次国土调查成果城镇开发边界范围内底数分析

城镇是创造物质和精神财富的主要空间载体,划定城镇开发边界,是推动城镇化发展由外延扩张式向内涵提升式转变重要手段.第三次国土调查是以土地资源为基础的调查,是国土空间规划的底图底数.通过梳理,第三次国土调查对城镇开发边界底数支撑包括土地利用现状、土地管理、土地成片开发以及耕地保护等方面.具体研究方法为运用Arcgis 10...     

行政赔偿因果关系的认定规则初探

行政赔偿因果关系的认定,直接关系到国家赔偿法效能的发挥.现实中,行政赔偿之所以陷入困境,其中一个重要原因是行政赔偿因果关系的认定缺乏标准.应从行政管理的规律出发,把握行政法律关系的特征,着眼于行政法未来的发展趋势,从充分发挥行政赔偿的内在功能入手,兼顾国家现实的赔偿能力及当前的法制人文环境,从理论上建立可供司法实践操作的行政赔偿因果关系认定规则.     

华南沿海陆域石油资源远景分析

本文首先论述了华南与周边的地质构造分野,着重阐述了大别-舟山造山带的依据。文章分析了基底构造的基本特点及沿海陆域的地壳典型结构;重点阐述了该区中生代以来的印支运动、兰江运动、闽浙运动、丽水运动和狭义的燕山运动等地质事件的主要特点及表现形式;文章依据有利的7个含油（气）层位,以及构造变格所造成的盆地模跨规律等,提出了三个含油（气）远景区。     

大陆架划界的适用原则与方法论析——以中日东海大陆架划界为视角

大陆架划界一直存在"等距离划界"与"公平划界"之争,"等距离划界"规定在《大陆架公约》中,"公平划界"是《联合国海洋法公约》中有关大陆架划界的适用原则。基于国际法上条约效力的相对性,中日东海大陆架划界只能以公平划界原则作为划界的法律依据。在划界过程中,要正确区分划界的法律原则与划界方法的性质,将大陆架划界中涉及的自然延伸、公平划界、等距离划界分别纳入定义、法律原则和技术方法三个层面予以定性考察,从而揭示日本意欲将"等距离划界"方法上升至国际法层面的真实目的。