Research and development on foam breaking and recycling technology in air-foam drilling

In recent years, air-foam combining the advantages of both liquid and air drilling has been utilized as a drilling medium. Air-foam drilling has proved its efficiency in numerous situations where serious problems were encountered, such as in fractured formations and depleted or high permeable zones. However, the major disadvantage of air-foam drilling system is that the foam can only be used once, so that an extremely large pit is required to contain the foam to allow sufficient room for cuttings and for the foam to dissipate. Moreover, it needs enormous volume prepared, consuming abundance of water and ingredient additives, which results in the high cost of foam drilling. The recycling foam fluid by using foam breaking technology is the only effective method to solve these problems associated with the known foam drilling. Various types of equipment and technique have been employed to suppress foam formation in biological and process equipment in foam drilling. The study described various methods of foam breaking technology, and the trend of the foam breaking technology for foam drilling is discussed.     

内插管式气举反循环钻进工艺在基岩地热井中的应用

随着地热资源被广泛利用,地热井各种钻井技术新方法不断应用,如何提高地热井施工效率、降低地热井施工成本是地热井项目钻探施工的关键。气举反循环钻进工艺被广泛应用于地热井钻探施工中,然而在基岩浅井和中深井地热项目施工中,使用常规气举反循环钻进工艺存在钻具重量大、结构复杂、双壁密封不严等问题,对钻机提升能力要求较高,中小型钻机难以满足,加大了施工成本。本研究在不改变常规中小型正循环施工钻探设备、钻具的条件下,提出了一种内插管式气举反循环钻进技术,并在沂南智胜汤泉1号基岩地热勘查井施工中进行了应用。试验表明:内插管式气举反循环技术施工工艺,可在无需更换原有钻探设备和钻具的基础上,通过加工部分钻具及部件,便可实现正反循环工艺之间的更换。更换后的气举反循环钻进工艺结构简单、钻具重量轻、双壁密封可靠、施工成本低,提高了设备利用率和钻进效率。在基岩浅井和中深井中,应推广应用内插管式气举反循环钻进工艺。     

Method for predicting cuttings transport using artificial neural networks in foam drilling

Foam is used widely in underbalanced drilling for oil and gas exploration to improve well perfor-mance.Accurate prediction of the cutting transport and pressure loss in the foam drilling is an important way to prevent stuck pipe,lost circulation and to increase the rate of penetration(ROP).In foam drilling,the cuttings transport quality may be defined in terms of cuttings consistency and downhole pressure loss,which are controlled by many factors.Therefore,it is very difficult to establish the mathematical equation that reflects nonlinear relationship among various factors.The field and experimental measurements of these parameters are time consuming and costly.In this study,the authors suggest a cuttings transport mathematical modeling using BPN(back propagation network),RBFN(radial basis function network)and GRNN(general regression neural network)based on various experiment data of cuttings transport of previous researchers and compared the result with experiment data.Results of this study show that the GRNN has a correlation coefficient of 0.99962 and an average error of 0.15 in training datasets,and a correlation coefficient of 0.99881 and an average error of 0.612 in testing datasets,which has higher accuracy and faster training velocity than the BP network or RBFN network.GRNN can be used in many mathematical problems for accurate estimation of cuttings consistency and downhole pressure loss instead of field and experimental measurements for hydraulic design in foam drilling operation.     

井间地震在济南市小冶睦里煤矿采空区勘查中的应用

以济南市章丘区小冶睦里地区石炭二叠纪含煤地层采空区为研究对象,采取资料收集、井间地震、钻探验证等方法手段,分析井间地震层析成像技术对采空区解译推断的有效性。结果表明,井间地震层析成像速度反演结果体现为高速分布的区域,推断为基岩完整区域;速度反演结果体现为低速分布的区域,推断为采煤采空区域。经与钻探工程比对,井间地震层析成像技术推断的采空区位置与钻探揭露深度较为吻合,表明井间地震层析成像技术在济南市章丘区小冶睦里煤矿采空区勘查中具有较高的可行性和实用性,为该地区同类型的采空区勘查提供了参考依据。     

三山岛北部海域近海地质钻探的定位方法及质量控制

三山岛北部海域近海地质勘探工程由传统的陆地固体矿产找矿转到近海海域找矿,拓展了找矿空间,取得了找矿突破。地质钻探工程作为海域地质勘探的主要工作手段决定着整个海上勘探工程的成败,保证海上钻探定位的精度是勘探工程的基础性工作。地质测量人员采用基于山东SDCORS的网络RTK技术进行地质钻探的定位工作,同传统测量方法相比较,CORS-RTK定位技术有海上定位精度高、数据质量可靠、测量速度快、海上作业距离长等优势。     

Experimental study on large diameter drilling in hard rock annular coring

Based on analyzing method of large diameter hard rock drilling at home and abroad, the authors proposed a set of drilling of large diameter hard rock annular coring in low energy consumption, low cost and high efficiency. The prototype of drilling tools was designed and was made. The experimental result of the prototype indicates that this plan and technology are feasible and reach the anticipated object of design. A set of drilling tools has been offered for the constructs of large diameter hard rock coring.     

Experimental study on large diameter drilling in hard rock annular coring

Based on analyzing method of large diameter hard rock drilling at home and abroad, the authors proposed a set of drilling of large diameter hard rock annular coring in low energy consumption, low cost and high efficiency. The prototype of drilling tools was designed and was made. The experimental result of the prototype indicates that this plan and technology are feasible and reach the anticipated object of design. A set of drilling tools has been offered for the constructs of large diameter hard rock coring.     

现代盐湖钻探工艺技术综述

针对水溶性或液态盐类矿产的取心(采取率、完整度、代表性)或取样、护壁、高承压卤水地层近平衡钻进等主要技术问题,本文以翔实的实践与科研攻关资料,进行了较全面的论述,并确立了一套独具一格的固、液兼顾以液矿为主的盐类矿产的勘探施工方法。     

Analysis of effects of operating parameters on rate of penetration in drilling process with air down-the-hole hammer

Air down-the-hole(DTH)hammer drilling has long been recognized to have the potential of drilling faster than conventional rotary drill,especially in some hard rocks such as granite,sandstone,limestone,dolomite,etc.with the same weight on bit(WOB)and rotations per minute(RPM).So,it has been widely used in many drilling fields including mineral resource exploration drilling,oil and gas drilling and geothermal drilling.In order to reduce drilling cost by selecting optimal drilling parameters,rate of penetration(ROP)should be estimated accurately and the effects of different factors on ROP should be analyzed.In this research,ANN model with several multi-layer perception back propagation(BP)networks for predicting ROP of air DTH hammer drilling was developed using controllable parameters such as impact energy,impact frequency,WOB,RPM and bit operating time for the formations with a certain drillability index of rock.Several BP neural networks with the different neurons in hidden layers were developed and compared for selecting optimal architecture of ANN.The effects of the drilling parameters such as impact energy,impacting frequency,WOB,RPM and bit operating time on the ROP of air DTH hammer drilling were investigated by trained ANN.From the analyses,the optimum range of drilling parameters for providing high ROP were determined and analyzed for a formation with a certain drillability index of rock.The methodology proposed in this study can be used in many mathematical problems for optimization of drilling process with air DTH hammer.     

含CaCl2水基聚合物钻井液沿井周地层渗透规律研究

利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）技术来提高油气井固井二界面胶结质量近年来受到了越来越多的重视。当前,针对3 000 m以浅油气井已实现了含成矿微生物的固井水泥浆技术。为了使固井水泥浆滤液中的成矿微生物在二界面处高效发挥MICP作用以提高二界面胶结质量,还需在钻井过程中利用钻井液携带CaCl₂的渗透向井周地层中预先注入一定量的钙源。因此,有必要研究含CaCl₂钻井液在井周地层的渗透规律,从而合理控制CaCl₂的注入量和钻井成本。基于此,以当前常用的环保水基聚合物钻井液为基本载体,综合考虑钻井液渗透时在井壁处泥饼动态形成机理、井周地层物性参数变化规律以及含CaCl₂水基聚合物钻井液流变性等因素,利用理论计算与模拟实验相结合的方法,建立了含CaCl₂水基聚合物钻井液滤液沿井周地层渗透量及渗透距离的定量预测模型。该预测模型的计算结果与模拟实验测试结果吻合程度较高,证实该预测模型具有较好的可靠性,有助于为钻井生产企业合理优化钻井液和固井水泥浆施工工艺提供理论支持。      

Pre-drilling prediction techniques on the high-temperature high-pressure hydrocarbon reservoirs offshore Hainan Island,China

Decreasing the risks and geohazards associated with drilling engineering in high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) geologic settings begins with the implementation of pre-drilling prediction techniques (PPTs). To improve the accuracy of geopressure prediction in HTHP hydrocarbon reservoirs offshore Hainan Island, we made a comprehensive summary of current PPTs to identify existing problems and challenges by analyzing the global distribution of HTHP hydrocarbon reservoirs, the research status of PPTs, and the geologic setting and its HTHP formation mechanism. Our research results indicate that the HTHP formation mechanism in the study area is caused by multiple factors, including rapid loading, diapir intrusions, hydrocarbon generation, and the thermal expansion of pore fluids. Due to this multi-factor interaction, a cloud of HTHP hydrocarbon reservoirs has developed in the Ying-Qiong Basin, but only traditional PPTs have been implemented, based on the assumption of conditions that do not conform to the actual geologic environment, e.g., Bellotti’s law and Eaton’s law. In this paper, we focus on these issues, identify some challenges and solutions, and call for further PPT research to address the drawbacks of previous works and meet the challenges associated with the deepwater technology gap. In this way, we hope to contribute to the improved accuracy of geopressure prediction prior to drilling and provide support for future HTHP drilling offshore Hainan Island.     

山东日照高新区土地集约利用研究

文章以山东日照高新技术产业开发区为研究对象,对开发区范围内土地集约利用的现状进行了评价,根据评价结果分析出目前日照高新区在土地集约利用方面存在的问题,最后针对问题提出对策和建议。     

FGC-15D large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system and its application in offshore rock-socketed pile hole drilling

In the past two decades,numerous large-diameter rock-socketed piles were constructed in China to support foundations of skyscrapers,great bridges or to retain soil in potential geological hazard areas.However,drilling large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes with conventional drilling method such as rotary drilling or cable tool drilling is time-consuming and the cost is usually very high.In order to drill large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes faster at relatively low cost,the FGC15A large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was developed in 1987 and was given the second-class award by Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources in 1991.Since it was innovated the drilling system has been used in more than twenty important and tough projects on land,and wonderful results were acquired.At the same time the large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was improved continuously.The FGC15D is the latest version of the technique.     

FGC-15D large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system and its application in offshore rock-socketed pile hole drilling

In the past two decades, numerous large-diameter rock-socketed piles were constructed in China to support foundations of skyscrapers, great bridges or to retain soil in potential geological hazard areas. However, drilling large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes with conventional drilling method such as rotary drilling or cable tool drilling is time-consuming and the cost is usually very high. In order to drill large-diameter rock-socketed pile holes faster at relatively low cost, the FGC15A large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was developed in 1987 and was given the second-class award by Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources in 1991. Since it was innovated the drilling system has been used in more than twenty important and tough projects on land, and wonderful results were acquired. At the same time the large-diameter DTH air hammer drilling system was improved continuously. The FGC15D is the latest version of the technique.     

热液金刚石压腔(HDAC)高温高压实验平台简介

热液金刚石压腔(HDAC)高温高压实验平台是在金刚石压腔的基础上发展起来的一种高温高压原位实验模拟设备.近年来,HDAC技术已经在地质科研领域取得了大量成果,多篇重要研究成果被《Science》《Nature》等知名期刊刊发.本文介绍了HDAC高温高压实验平台结构与组成、实验优势和应用前景.     

巨厚松散层裸孔施工技术措施

针对巨厚松散层在钻孔施工中易出现钻孔孔壁坍塌、掉块、缩径,造成埋钻、粘钻、卡钻,找不到原孔而形成岔孔等钻孔事故,简述了在巨厚松散层钻孔裸孔安全施工的要点和注意事项。     

单道地震技术在海洋地质调查中的应用——以威海褚岛北部海域为例

单道地震调查技术方法是海洋地震调查的主要手段之一,海上单道地震具有配置灵活、施工效率高、中—浅部地层分辨率较高、应用面广等特点,在海洋地质调查领域应用广泛。该文简要介绍了单道地震的工作原理,并以威海褚岛北部海域为例,通过分析该区单道地震资料,结合探测目的及仪器性能,制定了针对性的试验方案,确定了分辨率较高的参数优化组合,获得了高质量、高分辨率的海底地层资料。通过对实测单道地震剖面的比较和分析,结合钻孔数据,对威海褚岛北部海域地层进行分层划分及地层单元体系域分析,得出威海褚岛北部海域中—浅地层结构特征及海底地质灾害特征。通过对威海褚岛北部海域单道地震调查应用实例的分析,阐述了海上单道地震在数据采集、处理和解译方面的相关技术。     

导航电子地图数据增量更新研究

随着经济建设的快速发展,人们出行对地图的需求越来越大,特别是导航电子地图得到了广泛应用,随之而来的就是导航地图数据的定位精度和现势性问题,而动态增量更新是解决地图现势性的唯一途径,但是长期以来受终端硬件性能瓶颈的影响,进展不大,而当前随着微电子技术的迅猛发展,导航终端硬件设备的处理运算和存储能力的提高,导航仪硬件设备成...     

Research on experiment and calculation of foam bursting device

This research presents experimental data on mechanical foam bursting device, based on the high speed of air fluid impinging insidethe foam bursting device, foam bubbles disrupted as a consequence of pressures changed very quickly as shear force and their impact forces. Experimental data on foam-bursting capacity have been presented. Designed device can provide effective foam bursting on collapse foam.     

Research on experiment and calculation of foam bursting device

This research presents experimental data on mechanical foam bursting device,based on the high speed of air fluid impinging insidethe foam bursting device,foam bubbles disrupted as a consequence of pressures changed very quickly as shear force and their impact forces.Experimental data on foam-bursting capacity have been presented.Designed device can provide effective foam bursting on collapse foam.