The rectilinear restricted problem of three bodies

In this paper we discuss some aspects of the isosceles case of the rectilinear restricted problem of three bodies, where two primaries of equal mass move on rectilinear ellipses, and the particle is confined to the symmetry axis of the system. In particular, the behaviour near a collision of the primaries and also near a collision of all three bodies is investigated. It is shown that this latter singularity is a triple collision in the sense of Siegel's theory. Furthermore, asymptotic expansions for the particle's motion during a parabolic and a hyperbolic escape are derived.Presented at the Conference on Celestial Mechanics, Oberwolfach, Germany, August 27–September 2, 1972.     

On the generalized restricted problem of three bodies

The particular case of the complete generalized three-body problem (Duboshin, 1969, 1970) where one of the body-points does not exert influence on the other two is analysed. These active material points act on the passive point and also on each other with forces (attraction or repulsion), proportional to the product of masses of both points and a certain function of the time, their mutual distances and their first and second derivatives. Furthermore it is not supposed that generally the third axiom of mechanics (action=reaction) takes place.Here under these more general assumptions the equations of motion of the active masses and the passive point, as well as the diverse transformations of these equations are analogous of the same transformations which are made in the classical case of the restricted three-body problem.Then we determine conditions for some particular solutions which exist, when the three points form the equilateral triangle (Lagrangian solutions) or remain always on a straight line (Eulerian solutions).Finally, assuming that some particular solutions of the above kind exist, the character of solutions near this particular one is envisaged. For this purpose the general variational equations are composed and some conclusions on the Liapunov stability in the simplest cases are made.     

Almost-square orbits in the restricted problem of three bodies

In the restricted problem of three bodies, it has been discovered that, in a nonrotating frame, almost perfectly square orbits can result. Numerical investigations of these orbits have been made, and a brief explanation of their behaviour is given.     

The restricted problem of three bodies with rigid dumb-bell satellite

This paper is concerned with an extension of the classical restricted problem of three bodies in three dimensions. Usually, the satellite is considered to be a point mass. Here, the satellite is assumed to have a simple structure. The equations of motion are obtained and some of their consequences are discussed.     

The formal integrals of the restricted planar problem of the three bodies

The first integrals of motion of the restricted planar circular problem of three bodies are constructed as the formal power series in r^1/2, r being the distance of a moving particle from the primary. It is shown that the coefficients of these series are trigonometric polynomials of an angular variable. Some particular solutions have been found in a closed form. The proposed method for constructing the formal integrals can be generalized to a spatial problem of three bodies.     

The onset of chaotic motion in the restricted problem of three bodies

A full characterization of a nonintegrable dynamical system requires an investigation into the chaotic properties of that system. One such system, the restricted problem of three bodies, has been studied for over two centuries, yet few studies have examined the chaotic nature of some ot its trajectories. This paper examines and classifies the onset of chaotic motion in the restricted three-body problem through the use of Poincaré surfaces of section, Liapunov characteristic numbers, power spectral density analysis and a newly developed technique called numerical irreversibility. The chaotic motion is found to be intermittent and becomes first evident when the Jacobian constant is slightly higher thanC ₂.     

The formal integrals of the regularized restricted planar problem of three bodies

The algorithm for constructing the first integrals of motion of the regularized restricted planar problem of three bodies is proposed. The integrals are constructed as the formal power series in one from variables. It is shown that coefficients of these series are trigonometric polynomials of the other variable. The proposed algorithm can be realized on a computer both analytically and numerically.     

The structure of periodic solutions in the restricted problem of three bodies

We consider the basic families of plane-symmetric simply-periodic orbits in the Sun-Jupiter case of the plane restricted three-body problem and we study their horizontal and vertical stabilities. We give the critical orbits of these families, corresponding to the vertical stability parameter = 1 and in future communications we shall give the three-dimensional families which emanate from these plane bifurcations.     

The equilibrium solutions of restricted problem of three axisymmetric rigid bodies

In this paper we consider the restricted problem of three axisymmetric rigid bodies under the central forces. The collinear and triangular equilibrium solutions are obtained. Finally a numerical study of the influence of the non-sphericity and the rotation of the primaries in the location of the libration points is made.     

Integration theory for the restricted problem of three axisymmetric bodies

In this paper the circular planar restricted problem of three axisymmetric ellipsoids S _i (i = 1, 2, 3), such that their equatorial planes coincide with the orbital plane of the three centres of masses, be considered. The equations of motion of infinitesimal body S ₃ be obtained in the polar coordinates. Using iteration approach we have given an approximation for another integral, which independent of the Jacobian integral, in the case of P-type orbits (near circular orbits surrounding both primaries).     

Surfaces of zero velocity in the restricted problem of three bodies

Recent uses of computer graphics allow the representation of the three-dimensional surfaces of zero velocity, also known as Hill's or the Jacobian surfaces. The purpose of this paper is to show the actual surfaces rather than their projections which are available in the standard literature. The analytical properties of the surfaces are also available; therefore, this paper offers the pertinent references rather than the derivations.     

Stationary motions in a restricted problem of three rigid bodies

The present paper is a continuation of papers by Shinkaric (1972), Vidyakin (1976), Vidyakin (1977), and Duboshin (1978), in which the existence of particular solutions, analogues to the classic solutions of Lagrange and Euler in the circular restricted problem of three points were proved. These solutions are stationary motions in which the centres of mass of the bodies of the definite structures always form either an equilateral triangle (Lagrangian solutions) or always remain on a straight line (Eulerian solutions) The orientation of the bodies depends on the structure of the bodies. In this paper the usage of the small-parameter method proved that in the general case the centre of mass of an axisymmetric body of infinitesimal mass does not belong to the orbital plane of the attracting bodies and is not situated in the libration points, corresponding to the classical case. Its deviation from them is proportional to the small parameter. The body turns uniformly around the axis of symmetry. In this paper a new type of stationary motion is found, in which the axis of symmetry makes an angle, proportional to the small parameter, with the plane created by the radius-vector and by the normal to the orbital plane of the attracting bodies. The earlier solutions-Shinkaric (1971) and Vidyakin (1976)-are also elaborated, and stability of the stationary motions is discussed.     

Investigation of the hydrodynamic analogy in the restricted problem of three bodies

The hydrodynamic analogy concept is examined from the standpoint of the possibility of physical realization of an analog device. The conditions that must be satisfied, conservation of mass and momentum and uniqueness of physical properties, are discussed in detail and applied to examples, including the Birkhoff formulation. The transformation of the restricted problem into a velocity field does not insure that an analog flow can be constructed, as demonstrated by two cases that correspond to physically impossible flows. Conservative force fields are certainly incapable of producing the desired results. The physical possibility of simulating the Birkhoff velocity field remains uncertain, but a practical consideration in the visualization seemingly eliminates all possibility of this analogy being useful.     

The equilibrium solutions of the restricted problem of three rigid bodies with variable mass

In this paper we consider the circular planar restricted problem of three rigid bodiesS _i(i=1, 2, 3), two of them are axisymmetric ellipsoids and a third bodyS ₃ is a spherical satellite with decreasing mass, under the gravitational forces. The effect of small perturbations in the Coriolis force and the centrifugal forces on the location of equilibrium points has been studied. It is found only in the case when the primaries have equal differences between their respective principal moments of inertial the pointsL ₄ andL ₅ form nearly equilateral tringles with the primaries. The equilibrium pointsL ₁,L ₂,L ₃ remain collinear an ies on the line joining the primaries.     

Stability in the restricted problem of three bodies with Liapounov Characteristic Numbers

We have applied the method of Liapounov Characteristic Numbers (LCN) to the planar restricted three-body problem with various mass ratios μ and Jacobi constantsC, for various cases of satellite and asteroidal motion. Some results on the LCN's for both ordinary and regularized coordinate systems are obtained. The results indicate that there exists a maximum valueC* ofC, depending on μ, such that all the LCN's are zero within computational accuracy whenC>C*. The meaning of this is that all orbits whose initial conditions are located in the region for whichC>C* are effectively stable.     

A note on the equilibrium points of the restricted problem of three bodies

Using Sylvester's theorem on matrices, an elegant expression is obtained for the solutions of the restricted problem of three bodies in the neighborhood of the equilibrium points.     

The libration points of a spherical satellite in the photogravitational restricted problem of three bodies

In this paper the photogravitational circular restricted problem of three bodies is considered. We have assumed that one of the finite bodies be a spherical luminous and the other be a triaxial nonluminous body. The possibility of existence of the libration points be studied.     

Motion near the triangular points in the elliptic restricted problem of three bodies

In this paper the first variational equations of motion about the triangular points in the elliptic restricted problem are investigated by the perturbation theories of Hori and Deprit, which are based on Lie transforms, and by taking the mean equations used by Grebenikov as our upperturbed Hamiltonian system instead of the first variational equations in the circular restricted problem. We are able to remove the explicit dependence of transformed Hamiltonian on the true anomaly by a canonical transformation. The general solution of the equations of motion which are derived from the transformed Hamiltonian including all the constant terms of any order in eccentricity and up to the periodic terms of second order in eccentricity of the primaries is given.     

The problem of three bodies

The gravitational problem of three bodies is presented in the general case, without restrictions on the distances and masses of the participating bodies. Recent advances are discussed and the consequences of the Laplacean instability in stellar dynamics are described.     

Equations of motion of the restricted problem of three bodies with variable mass

In this paper we have deduced the differential equations of motion of the restricted problem of three bodies with decreasing mass, under the assumption that the mass of the satellite varies with respect to time. We have applied Jeans law and the space time transformation contrast to the transformation of Meshcherskii. The space time transformation is applicable only in the special casen=1,k=0,q=1/2. The equations of motion of our problem differ from the equations of motion of the restricted three body problem with constant mass only by small perturbing forces.