西双版纳三种树木树干呼吸日变化特征

采用气室-红外气体分析法(IRGA)原位监测西双版纳热带季节雨林优势树种番龙眼(Pom etia tom entosa)和玉蕊(Barringtonia macrostachya)(雨季),以及人工种植的经济树种三叶橡胶(Hevea brasiliensis)(干季、雨季)树干呼吸的日变化,同时监测了林内空气和1 cm深树干温度。结果表明,三者树干呼吸雨季呈双峰模式,三者首个呼吸高峰都在15:00前后,番龙眼和玉蕊第二个呼吸高峰在凌晨1:00前后,三叶橡胶在凌晨5:00前后。干季三叶橡胶树干呼吸为单峰模式,呼吸高峰在19:00前后,午后出现明显的呼吸下降现象。番龙眼和玉蕊雨季树干呼吸速率在1.814~3.167μmol/(m2.s)之间,三叶橡胶在8.824~10.364μmol/(m2.s)之间,显著高于同时期的番龙眼和玉蕊,三叶橡胶干季在3.424~4.110μmol/(m2.s)之间,显著比雨季小。三者Q10在1.60~2.58之间,三种树的平均Q10为1.77。     

哀牢山北段地区气候特征及变化趋势

以哀牢山北段地区不同位置的景东（西侧盆地）、徐家坝（山顶）和楚雄（东侧盆地）为研究对象,利用三地1980～2005年同期气候观测资料,通过统计分析,探讨了哀牢山东、西侧盆地及山顶气温和降雨特征及长期变化趋势。结果表明：哀牢山北段地区最热月均出现在6月;最冷月,西侧盆地和山顶为1月,东侧盆地最冷月为12月;降雨的季节差异十分显著,雨季降雨量占全年的85％以上,以7月降雨量最多。从气候的长期变化趋势来看,年、季和月平均气温均呈现显著的升高趋势,气温的显著升高主要发生在干季,增温率为干季〉年〉雨季。最冷月均温增温率最大,最热月均温没有显著增加,气温年较差呈减小趋势。研究表明,哀牢山北段地区山顶及两侧盆地均呈现显著的变暖趋势,与植物生存直接相关的∑t≥0℃有效积温和∑t≥10℃活动积温也显著增加。气温的变化具有显著的空间差异,增温速率为东侧盆地〉山顶〉西侧盆地。山地迎风坡面（西坡）气温垂直递减率显著减小,背风坡面（东坡）气温垂直递减率整体呈增大趋势。降雨整体呈增加趋势,不同季节间降雨的变化差异显著,年降雨量的增加主要由于雨季降雨的增加,干季降雨呈微弱上升或下降趋势,降雨的增加率为东侧盆地〉山顶〉西侧盆地。哀牢山北段地区干季的干热气候特征进一步加剧,这种变化趋势在山地的背风坡面（东坡）表现得更加剧烈。     

纵向岭谷区山地温度垂直分布格局研究

为探讨纵向岭谷区不同山地温度垂直分布规律,选取不同纬度的西双版纳、哀牢山、高黎贡山为研究对象,利用山地气温垂直观测资料,对比分析了各山地的气温和地表温垂直分布特征.结果表明:同一山体,由于高差较大,温度随海拔的升高呈现出递减的趋势;其垂直递减率从季节上说,一般是雨季较高,年次之,干季最低;从坡向来说一般是东坡高于西坡.不同纬度的西双版纳、哀牢山和高黎贡山的气温垂直递减率是哀牢山最大,高黎贡山次之,西双版纳最小,且东坡大西坡小.     

西双版纳热带季节雨林4种树种幼苗生长死亡对海拔变化的反应

在西双版纳山地选取3个海拔梯度,对热带季节雨林4种主要树种进行幼苗移栽试验,观测幼树生长、死亡沿海拔梯度的变化,目的在于明确海拔变化对热带季节雨林主要树种幼苗生长、死亡的影响,热带季节雨林主要树种幼苗的生长是否在低海拔地区优于在高海拔地区.结果表明,4种幼苗对海拔变化的反应并不相同.绒毛番龙眼和云南玉蕊幼苗的生长和存活主要是受到温度的限制,随海拔的变化表现出显著的差异,这两种幼苗在低海拔上的生长显著优于在中、高海拔上,而云南肉豆蔻和小叶红光树没有表现出在低海拔上优于中、高海拔的特征,这可能是由于它们不适应强光照的生活环境而造成的.     

近60年昆明市气候变化特征分析

利用线性倾向率、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、滑动T检验(MTT法)和小波分析等数理统计分析方法,分析昆明市近60 a气候变化趋势和气候突变特征。结果显示:近60 a昆明市气候变化呈气温升高、降水量略微减少的暖干化趋势;气温上升率0.24℃/10 a,降水量下降率3.89 mm/10 a;干季增温强于雨季,而雨季降雨量下降趋势明显;2001~2010年是近60 a来昆明气温最高、降水量最少的10 a;昆明市气温变化包含5~10、10~15 a左右周期,其降水量变化有10~15 a左右的周期变化特征。     

念青唐古拉山西段高海拔陆-气系统水热特征

利用实测的念青唐古拉山脉南坡海拔4800 m和5333 m,以及北坡5400 m的土壤温、湿度和地表气温一年的数据,对该地区水热特征作了初步分析,结果表明：地、气温差冬季大夏季小,且相对邻近地区偏大。同时地温与气温有良好相关,但随深度增加,相关系数减小。土壤热力梯度的方向低海拔由下而上,高海拔则相反。土壤湿度高海拔略大于低海拔,干季和湿季分别受冻融过程和印度洋季风降水影响。高海拔冻结期比低海拔长3~4个月,其下层土壤湿度在冻融交替期表现一个剧烈的跃变现象。念青唐古拉山南、北坡海拔相近区域相同层位土壤温度差异在0~8℃之间。南坡土壤温度年平均高于北坡3~4℃。南坡冻结比北坡晚而融化比北坡早,上层土壤湿度南坡小于北坡,而下层土壤湿度南坡大于北坡,南北坡水热过程存在明显差异。     

哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林空心树木质残体呼吸作用初步研究

对云南哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林空心树木质残体雨季和干季的呼吸速率进行测定,并对木质残体呼吸速率与木质密度和含水量之间的相关关系进行比较,分析了呼吸速率对温度的敏感性.结果表明:树干表层木质残体雨季呼吸速率显著高于树干内层和洞内的(p＜0.05),干季三个部位木质残体呼吸速率之间差异不显著(p＞0.05).含水量和呼吸速率存在季节差异,在树干表层和洞内雨季的含水量和呼吸速率显著高于干季的(p＜0.05),而在树干内层季节差异不显著(p＞0.05).三个部位木质残体密度与呼吸速率在雨季显著负相关(p＜0.01),三个部位的含水量和呼吸速率在雨季和干季都显著正相关(p＜0.01);木质残体的温度系数(Q10)大小顺序为:洞内(2.08)＞树干表层(2.01)＞树干内层(1.73),树洞内部木质残体对温度响应最敏感.哀牢山地区干季空心树木质残体较低的含水量和全年温凉的气候条件可能成为该区中山湿性常绿阔叶林空心树木质残体分解重要的限制因子.     

金佛山西坡气温的垂直变化特征

山地气温的实测数据是相关学科极其重要的基础资料,其垂直变化特征是研究山地气温的重要内容之一。本研究使用HOBO Onset自动温度记录仪于2017年6月—2018年6月对重庆金佛山西坡14个海拔高度的气温进行30 min间隔的连续监测,分析了金佛山西坡气温的时序差异和垂直变化规律。结果如下:(1)金佛山西坡年平均气温直减率为0.53℃/100 m,气温直减率的月份间差异较小;(2)平均最高气温、平均最低气温及年平均气温随海拔升高而线性降低,极端高温沿海拔梯度的变化不明显;(3)月平均日较差随海拔升高呈二次曲线变化;(4)日平均气温≥0℃、≥5℃和≥10℃的积温随海拔升高而降低,积温递减率几乎相同(约184.2℃/100 m),相应积温持续天数随海拔升高以平均5 d/100 m的速率递减;(5)各监测点实测气温较气温地理分布模型求得的气温值偏小,而较基于WorldClim数据库所得的插值气温整体偏大。     

哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林林区太阳辐射特征

利用中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园哀牢山森林生态系统研究站林外自动气象站2005-02到2007-12的辐射观测数据,对哀牢山北部山顶亚热带常绿阔叶林林区的太阳辐射平衡各分量的年、季节和日变化特征进行了分析,得出哀牢山林区太阳辐射年总辐射为5 146.4 MJ/(m2·a),干季的太阳总辐射量(2 764.7 MJ/m2)占全年总量的53.7%,雨季的太阳总辐射量(2 381.7 MJ/m2)占全年总量的46.3%.各辐射分量年值占总辐射年值的百分率为净辐射41.3%,反射辐射21.O%,有效辐射37.7%.太阳辐射各分量占太阳总辐射的比率在不同的季节由于天气状况和大气中含水量的不同存在一定的差异,反射辐射和有效辐射的分配率均是干季大于雨季,净辐射的分配率则是雨季大于干季.从全年来看,净辐射分配率的变幅最大(31.1%～51.9%),有效辐射次之(28.6%～48.6%),反射辐射最小(18.4%~24.2%);从分配率的日变化可知,反射辐射和有效辐射均是清晨和傍晚较高,昼间较小,净辐射则相反,各辐射分量分配率在昼间的变化均较小.不同季节各辐射分量占总辐射的比重不同,干季有效辐射所占比重最大,其次是净辐射,反射辐射最小;雨季净辐射所占比例最大,其次是有效辐射,反射辐射最小.与相近纬度的鼎湖山和鹤山林区相比,哀牢山林区总辐射量高于两地,而年均气温(热量)低于两地,由此可以认为哀牢山林区在较低的气温条件下能分布大面积的中山湿性常绿阔叶林,且生长繁茂、发育良好,较强的太阳辐射应是其重要原因之一.     

祁连山冷龙岭南坡小气候及植被分布特征

在祁连山冷龙岭南坡3 200 m到4 200 m建立样带,每200 m为梯度设置7个样地,利用微气象自动观测仪观测气温和土壤温度,同时调查样带植物群落、种类组成及地上生物量等.结果表明,气温日变化幅度随海拔的升高而减小,气温随海拔增加降低明显,年平均气温直减率0.51℃/100 m,不同季节直减率有所不同.日平均气温稳定≥0℃、≥3℃和≥5℃的积温直减率几乎相同,为92%℃/100 m,持续天数直减率9 d/100 m.土壤表层温度随海拔变化具有与气温相近的变化趋势.依植被景观及气候特点可将祁连山冷龙岭南坡分为亚高山高寒草甸、亚高山灌丛、高山草甸及高山冰雪稀疏植被气候带.观测植被区地上生物量表明,植被地上年净初级生产力随海拔升高而降低.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,