天津地区地层热物性特征及影响因素分析

为分析天津地区地层热物性参数的地区分布特征和平面分布规律,布置88个勘查孔、现场采集1 076个岩土样、室内分析热导率、比热容、热扩散系数等地层热物性实验,对测试数据进行统计分析。结果表明:天津市岩土体热导率在1.26~1.70 W/(m·K),比热容在2 050~2 090 J/(kg·K),热扩散系数在0.45×10-6~0.74×10-6 m2/s。同一地区不同岩性的比热容,黏土最大、粉砂最小,热导率刚好相反,热扩散系数与比热容规律相同;不同地区同一岩性的热物性参数差别不大。天津市比热容与热导率呈现大致相反的趋势,热导率高值区位于蓟县、宝坻和宁河的东部、武清西部、静海南部以及滨海新区的中部地区;比热容高值区位于蓟县、宝坻和宁河西部、武清东部、静海北部以及滨海新区大部分地区。     

潞安目标区煤层气赋存和生产的地质因素分析

分析了影响潞安目标区煤层气赋存和生产的主要地质因素,提出了本区煤层气井产气量低、产水量高的原因。潞安目标区与晋城目标区相比较,张性断层发育,3号煤顶板砂岩条带发育。地下水从浅部接受大气降水补给,部分在文王山和二岗山断裂带排泄,煤层顶板砂岩含水层与煤层不仅构成了一个统一的地下水系统,又由于与断层的沟通作用形成了一个完整的地下水补径排系统,使得地层能量被释放,煤层气大量运移逸散,煤储层压力降低,煤层气井产能降低。     

Role of market agents in mitigating the climate change effects on food economy

Natural Hazards - Agriculture’s ability to adapt to the impacts of climate change is critical for agricultural households as well as the general public and policymakers. Economic agents can...     

招-莱地区金矿主要控矿条件及找矿问题

招－莱地区金矿的主要控矿条件可以用“一个背景双重控矿”来概括。“一个背景”指新太古界胶东群变质岩系构成的区域成矿地质背景，以黑云变粒岩、斜长片麻岩和斜长角闪岩为主的古变质岩系为该区的主要矿源层，并为金的成矿提供了丰富的物质基础。“双重控矿”指花岗岩形成作用和断裂作用对该区金成矿的严格控制。从工业成矿的角度看，为该区金成矿更为直接和重要的控制因素。招－莱地区金矿也是中生代地洼构造－岩浆作用成矿的典型例子。     

Characterization by electrical and electromagnetic geophysical methods of the shallow hydrogeological system at Hebron (West Bank,Palestine) in a semi-arid zone

Multi-electrode geo-electrical and transient electromagnetic surveys were carried out to characterize the nature of the subsurface infiltration zones (5 to 20 m) related to a series of groundwater outlets, and to reveal the geometry of the different aquifers at Bani-Naim, in the south-eastern foothills of the Hebron area, West Bank, Palestine. The purpose of the surveys was to understand the link between water storage/transfer and the characteristics of the geological formations. The strata in this semi-arid region are composed of alternate layers of chalky limestone, hard limestone, marl and chalk. A total of 30 ERT and 15 TDEM were conducted at Bani Naim-Jahir and Bani Naim-Birein. A correlation between the results indicates various infiltration pathways: fractures, feature heterogeneities, and porous chalk. The local heterogeneity on the eastern side were the major pathways for the water infiltration, whereas the thick marl layer underneath acts as a natural impermeable barrier preventing water from infiltrating deeper. A combination of the different geophysical results identified conductive features that correspond to the infiltration zones supplying the dug wells with water. Furthermore, it was established that the fractured chalk and porous chalky limestone act as an aquifer. A three-dimensional visualization of the resistivity allowed a useful reconstruction of the shallow hydrogeological system. Consequently, these studies contribute to regional sustainable development projects in this semi-arid region.     

柳林地区煤层气开采动态及单井产量主控因素分析

柳林地区是我国煤层气勘探开发的热点地区之一,初步实现了煤层气商业化开发。根据柳林地区煤层气井生产数据,对气井产气动态进行了分析,按产量大小进行了气井统计,中产气井比例较高,为42.9%,高产气井占28.6%,低和极低产气井比例为28.5%。分析煤层气井排采曲线特征,总结归纳气井的产气模式有单峰式、高峰-稳定式和低峰-高峰-稳定式三类。从影响煤层气产能的构造、气含量、渗透率、煤层厚度、煤层埋深、水文地质条件等地质因素入手,分析了各地质因素对气井产能的影响,并建立各类因素与煤层气井产能的关系。研究认为：柳林地区煤层气井的高产条件并非受单一因素的控制,而是主要取决于多种有利地质主控因素的有机匹配、共同作用的结果。     

Features of climate change and their effects on glacier snow melting in Xinjiang,China

The features of climate change and their effects on glacier snow melting in the past 50 years (1961–2010) in Xinjiang were studied. Regional climate data for 49 meteorological stations in the Tianshan Mountains and the northern and southern areas of Xinjiang were collected with the aid of techniques such as climatological statistical diagnosis, regional climate models, remote sensing, and geographic information system. The annual average temperature displayed a rising trend across the Tianshan mountainous area and both areas of Xinjiang. The trend was particularly apparent in winter and autumn with the rate of increase in the annual average minimum temperature being significantly higher than that of the maximum temperature. Rainfall also tended to increase in all three areas over the 50-year period, with the magnitude of change being highest in the mountainous area followed by northern Xinjiang and then southern Xinjiang. As a result of the rising temperatures, there was a negative material balance among the region's glaciers, of which the year 1982/1983 was the key year for the development of Tianshan mountain glacier snow. After this date, glacial ablation intensified with an annual change increase in average temperature of 1 °C, leading to a glacier material balance change of about 300 mm. To establish rainfall and temperature sequences for three regional climate change scenarios in the 2011–2050 period, we adopted the delta method using actual measurements during the 1961–2000 period against corrected data from rainfall and temperature simulations. All three scenarios indicated that temperatures will continue to increase, that the increase in rainfall may decrease in mountainous regions but will increase in the basin, and that the speed of glacial ablation in Xinjiang will continue to accelerate.     

1956—2016年新疆平原区地下水资源量变化及其影响因素分析

探索变化环境下新疆平原区地下水资源量的变化趋势,是识别地下水环境问题、加强地下水资源管理的基础工作。基于水利部门历次水资源调查评价成果、水利统计资料汇编等数据,对1956—2016年新疆平原区地下水资源量变化及其影响因素进行分析,对变化原因进行探讨。结果表明:1956—2016年新疆平原区地下水资源量呈减少趋势,其中地下水天然补给量基本稳定,地表水体转化补给量持续减少;从地下水补给结构分析,渠系渗漏补给量大幅减少,导致地下水资源量减少;河道渗漏补给量增加,抵消了地下水资源量的减幅。平原区灌溉面积扩大导致的农田灌溉耗水量增大是地下水资源量减少的根本原因,人类活动对地下水资源量的影响大于气候变化。     

喀斯特峰丛节齿藓类生态分布及其环境因子影响研究

为探寻喀斯特峰丛节齿藓类（Arthrodontae mosses）的生态分布规律及环境因子的影响,选择贵阳市思雅河3座典型喀斯特峰丛为研究对象,利用藓类综合优势比、Sorenson相似性指数及RDA对节齿藓类的生态分布及环境因子影响进行分析。结果表明:3座喀斯特峰丛上共发现节齿藓类植物11科、26属、74种,其中顶蒴单齿藓26种,顶蒴双齿藓21种,侧蒴双齿藓27种。Ⅰ号峰丛以侧蒴双齿藓为主,综合优势比为100%,Ⅱ号、Ⅲ号峰丛则以顶蒴单齿藓为主,综合优势比分别为81.80%、69.75%。节齿藓类在喀斯特峰丛上的分布在坡底以侧蒴双齿藓为主,其综合优势比为97.06%,坡中、坡顶以顶蒴单齿藓为主,其综合优势比分别为86.23%、90.76%。坡中和坡顶的顶蒴单齿藓物种相似性指数最高,为27.91%;坡中和坡顶的侧蒴双齿藓物种相似性指数最低,为11.63%。光照强度和环境温度是影响顶蒴单齿藓类分布的主要因子,侧蒴双齿藓类的分布则主要受到相对湿度的强烈影响;而顶蒴双齿藓类的分布主要受海拔影响。      

高寒内流区极端降水的气候变化特征分析

利用中国气象局1969—2017年高寒内流区25个气象站的日降水资料,分析极端降水的变化特征,结果表明：1969—2017年高寒内流区降水量呈上升趋势,这种上升很大程度上可能是由于夏季降水量增加导致的,且20世纪90年代以后降水量增加趋势更加明显。极端降水指数除连续干旱日数外,均呈不同程度的增加趋势,其年际变化反映出在进入21世纪后高寒内流区降水向强降水量和日数更多、强度更强、极值更大的方向发展。极端降水指数空间差异性明显,连续湿润日数、雨日降水总量、雨日降水强度、单日最大降水量、五日最大降水量、极端降水量和日降水大于10 mm日数表现显著增加趋势的台站百分率分别为5%、64%、42%、60%、32%、35%和43%,连续干旱日数表现显著下降趋势的台站百分率为5%。极端降水事件具有一致性,总降水量增加,极端降水的频率、强度、极值也增加,小雨日数增加是降水总量增加的因素之一。极端降水增湿幅度有随海拔升高有增大趋势,高海拔区雨日降水量和雨日天数的增加是极端降水总量增加的主要因素。     

准噶尔盆地滴西地区石炭系火山岩储集空间及主控因素分析

由于地层古老且埋藏深,滴西地区火山岩研究难度大。为获得研究区域火山岩储集空间最直接的认识,文中以区域内14口取心井共计482m岩心及其相关的铸体薄片等最为直接的资料为基础,对区域内火山岩储集空间进行了较为系统的归类,并进行了分类统计和分析研究。分析发现,滴西地区火山岩孔隙类型多样,其中以溶孔占主导地位,包括基质溶孔、晶内溶孔、晶间溶孔、粒(砾)内溶孔、粒(砾)间溶孔、岩屑溶孔共计占79%;其次为气孔,占14%。裂缝类型以构造缝为绝对主导,占92%;成岩缝次之,包括层间缝、龟裂缝、冷凝收缩缝、其他成岩缝共计占7%。裂缝产状上以斜交缝占优势,约占34%;裂缝规模上以小型缝为主,占79%。研究区域火山岩经历了复杂而漫长的构造演化史,这使得其储集空间成因复杂。储集空间的分类统计结果及相关地质背景分析表明,区域火山岩储集空间成因复杂多样,主控因素依次为构造作用、风化作用和成岩作用等。     

Analysis of the climate change effect on wheat production systems and investigate the potential of management strategies

In an emergency, schools are responsible for the safety of students until they can be reunited with their families. This study explored emergencies (i.e. bomb threat, a flood, and an earthquake) in three case study schools in New Zealand. Within each case, a selection of stakeholders (i.e. school leaders, staff, and parents) shared their experiences of responding to emergency events in the school. Lessons from participants’ experiences established factors before, during, and after an emergency that contribute to an effective response. Foremost among those factors was the importance of prior preparation. The study also identified recurring response activities, irrespective of emergency type, which enabled the development of a six-stage model of an effective school-based emergency response. The stages are: (1) Alerts; (2) Safety behaviours; (3) Response actions; (4) Student release/Family reunification; (5) Temporary school closure; and (6) Business as usual. The present study contributes to our understanding of research investigating how schools respond to emergencies and therefore seeks to enhance school safety efforts.     

沁水盆地柿庄区块煤层气井压裂增产效果关键影响因素分析与实践

针对沁水盆地柿庄区块煤层气开发过程中低产低效问题,基于大量实际生产资料分析,探讨地质因素和工程因素对煤层气开发效果的影响。结果认为,地应力和煤体结构是影响煤层气井压裂增产效果的关键地质因素。其中,煤层气井压裂过程中,高地应力影响裂缝延伸和支撑,水平主应力差影响裂缝延伸方向和形态;煤体结构较差的煤层在压裂中易形成煤粉,堵塞导流通道,压裂效果变差。影响压裂效果的工程因素主要包括压裂液性能、施工排量、前置液占比和井径扩大率,针对研究区地质概况,提出\     

豫西金矿集区控矿因素分析

豫西金矿集区是全国最重要的矿集区之一,金矿赋存于古老的前寒武纪地层中,很多人认为金矿的成矿物质来源于这些古老地层。文章通过对区内金矿区含矿地层、化探异常、同位素资料及岩浆岩的分析后,认为金矿的成矿物质来源于地幔,这些古老地层仅仅是赋矿地层,并不提供主要成矿物质;而中酸性岩浆岩的侵入为深部物质向上迁移提供了很好的通道和热量,具有重要的控矿意义。     

海拉尔盆地贝西斜坡北部地区储层特征及影响因素分析

通过测井曲线的标准化处理及信息提取、岩心及录井岩屑观察、铸体薄片、物性分析、扫描电镜、压汞分析等技术手段,研究了海拉尔盆地贝西斜坡北部地区南屯组储层的主要岩性特征、物性特征、储集空间类型和影响因素.研究结果表明.海拉尔盆地南屯组以内陆湖相碎屑岩为主,主要包括角砾岩、砾岩、砂砾岩、粗砂岩、细砂岩、粉砂岩、泥质砂岩及泥岩等.南一段储层孔隙度平均值为6.15%,渗透率平均值为0.31 × 10-3μm2,为低孔特低渗型孔隙特征;南二段储层孔隙度平均值为12.18%,渗透率平均值为2.79× 10-3μm2,属于中孔低渗型孔隙特征.储集空间类型以粒间孔隙为主,发育一定的次生孔隙.喉道分为4种类型(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类).扇三角洲前缘分支水道砂体、扇三角洲平原辫状河道砂体和滨浅湖砂坝微相砂体为该区有利的储层砂体类型.储层性质主要受沉积相和成岩作用影响.     

枣庄岩溶塌陷形成条件及主要影响因素

近年来枣庄市岩溶塌陷频繁发生。通过野外地质调查、现场采样和室内试验相结合的综合手段,对该区的岩溶塌陷覆盖层进行系统地取样并进行深入细致的实验及分析,论述了覆盖层特征对该区岩溶塌陷的影响;运用宏观调查、细观测量和微观分析相结合的研究方法详细论述了地质构造对岩溶塌陷的影响;结合历年水文动态资料、地下水开采量等论述了地下水活动对岩溶塌陷影响。综合认为,地层岩性、覆盖层性质、构造因素是枣庄岩溶塌陷频繁发生的内因,而超量开采地下水则是外部诱发因素。     

黄河源区水环境变化及其生态环境地质效应

为揭示黄河源区生态环境恶化的地质原因,本文依据野外调查资料,通过综合分析,认为水环境变异是源区生态环境恶化的主要原因,人类工程经济活动为次要原因.提出的"控制水文网下蚀,提高侵蚀基准面,遏制冻结层上水水位下降,恢复湿地、植被"的生态地质环境治理及保护措施具一定的应用价值.     

三峡库区白家包滑坡变形特征与影响因素分析

针对三峡库区阶跃型滑坡,以白家包滑坡为例,统计分析滑坡位移、变形速率和裂缝监测数据。显示滑坡在2007年6月之前为蠕动变形初期,受降雨和库水位等外界因素的作用,6月滑坡发生剧烈变形,之后一直保持约75°方向滑动。滑坡体中前部位移速率大于后缘,其变形具有牵引式特点。滑体上裂缝与变形位移具有一致性,位移量越大的区域裂缝越发育。将位移速率与降雨、库水位和地下水进行影响机制分析,建立滑坡变形与外界动态影响因素之间的响应关系。结果表明降雨量和库水位变化是引起滑坡季节性变形的主要因素,其中降雨强度、库水位下降及下降速率是导致滑坡位移速率波动大小的关键因子。