From the Chair

Disseminating scientific knowledge has always been a key topic in IUGS‘ activities. The Union has produced a range of publications (books, journals, maps, charts), both on its own and in cooperation with other organizations and publishers.Some of these works have been concerned with geological standards, while others have been overviews of current topics,     

从"创新的空间"到"空间的创新"

当前，科技园区本身作为创新空间，大大推动了我国社会经济的发展，但其建设过程中亦出现了种种问题，很多甚至偏离了建设的初衷。以宁波科技园区规划为例，通过对园区现状存在问题的分析，提出若干空间创新的规划理念与措施，从而为我国科技园区未来的发展提供借鉴。     

古地磁:从地球到火星

古地磁学是一门典型的交叉学科,通过综合地质学、地球物理学、环境科学等学科相关方法,分析天然样品中记录的磁学信息,深入研究地磁场演化、地球动力学过程、古环境与古气候演化等.自20世纪中叶以来,古地磁学在各研究领域得到快速发展,通过进一步与其他学科交叉,衍生出诸多新兴方向.首先回顾了古地磁学的发展历史与基础研究领域.在此基础上,重点介绍了高精度卫星磁测与相关研究新领域、月球与火星磁学研究的新进展.同时,对古地磁学与高精度磁测等方法集成在地磁场演化、板块构造、深部结构、月球磁场演化、火星磁场及环境演化等方面的综合应用进行了讨论.最后,对古地磁学未来的潜在研究方向进行了展望.      

Genesis of Pb-Zn Deposit From the Yanglaojian-Longmenjian in Dongzhi,Southwest Anhui : Evidences From Geology and Geochemistry

Please refer to the attachment(s) for more details     

From the regulation of space to the space of regulation

For about ten years, economic geography has enjoyed a renewal. Many researchers have found anchorage in different theoretical currents in order to analyse current economic changes. Regulation theory has been particularly inspirational in these considerations. This article represents a balance between different axes of research in regional economics, and their encounters with regulationist ideas. The main schools of thought are presented in chronological order with the prominent actors and the research results underlining the principal elements from each school. Finally, some prospects for the future are outlined. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

From modelling to experiment

Mathematical models applied to urban and regional planning have been widely developed during the sixties. Since that time the scientific and technologic developments have deeply transformed the field of spatial modelling. There has been a reaction against the idea that reality could be reduced to deterministic models. The paradigms of complexity, chaos, self-organisation, fractal geometry have made obvious the unpredictability of complex socio-economic systems. At the same time the progress of computation has led to the substitution of simulation methods to analytic solutions of mathematical models. In such a context, models are loosing in generality and reproducibility what they earn in adaptation to empirical situations. An important challenge is also to confirm the pertinence and specificity of the geographical approach. In that respect the spatial analysis programs must prove the evidence of a common methodology dealing either with physical or human and economic domain. We are working, for instance, on cellular automata programs applied to the historical evolution of an urban space and also to the run-off process in an elementary basin. The spatial structure of the models may be slightly different: rectangular or hexagonal tessellations in the “Human Geography” program, TIN structure, closer to the physical reality, in the other. The relations between the cells may also differ: they are often defined by a distance matrix for the socio-economic models, but a contiguity matrix is of course needed for the streaming process. But, beyond these technical differences, it appears that the geographical programs are developed on a macro-level, that is on aggregate statistical units. The elementary particle is always (or should be for a geographer...) a material, spatial unit, unlike the drop of water of the hydrologists, or the individual “agents” of the sociologists' multi-agents systems. The difference between the micro and macro level is not a question of scale, but a difference of logic. The simulation approach has a requisite, which is a need of systematic validation by a permanent comparison with the actual situation, but the objective is not prediction. The scientific concern is, before all, a precise understanding of the past and recent evolutions, more than a forecasting, which escapes to the specific field of scientific research. What is scientific is what can be measured. The possible prediction may rely on the scientific research, but belongs strictly to the domain of intellectual and personal thinking. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

从别墅群到公寓楼——义乌建设节地型新农村的探索与思考

任何人都不可能脱离资源条件和生产力发展水平,来选择建筑形式或居住方式。义乌在新村建设中,从建别墅群到建公寓楼,在实践中探索适合自己条件的新村建设之路。农村经济的迅速发展、农村正在发生的深刻变化和城乡一体化进程,为节地型新村建设提供了难得的机遇。建设节地型新村的关键,在于将由此创造出的效益,合理地分配给农民。     

周口店多足类化石

1932—1937年间在周口店中国猿人产地及其他地点采得八十馀件节足动物化石,多破碎,完整者极少。颜色不一,由乳白而棕黄,兼有呈半透明玻璃状者。经初步观察,应属节足动物门,多足纲,倍脚目,马陆科,计一属两种: 一、山马陆(Julus of.terrestris)此种在第一,三,十五地点及山顶洞均有发现。此与现生的山马陆无甚差异,仅肛板及由二肛板所成之肛门沟稍大。二、裴氏小马陆(Julus peii Chia & Liu(sp.nov.)此种於第一,四,十五地点及山顶洞均有发现。由身体及头部形态,身体环节数目(三十个以上),知其与山马陆同属。但其决非幼小山马陆,因其体节数目多於长成之山马陆。但与现生於日本的一种 Nipponoiulus truncatus 近似,惟後者体节数较少,尾端钝圆。关於马陆属化石,据现在所知最早发现於始新统地层中,直到现在仍有生存,变异极小。以上所述二种若非与其他脊椎动物化石共生於周口店地点,则其年代颇难鉴定,因其有以後爬入岩隙死後石化之可能,不过上述之标本不但有共生脊椎动物为证,且有的已埋藏於固结的砾岩中,其属於更新统时期可无疑义。     

From rocks to ore

Metal enrichment to ore grade is the ultimate outgrowth of large-scale and long-term fractionation processes of the thermally driven and unique water-cooled geological evolution of the Earth. Silicic magmatism along convergent margins is the most important lithospheric fractionation process for the formation of the continental crust and porphyry/intrusion-related ore deposits. Reconnaissance microanalysis of melt inclusions from Central Andean porphyry systems refines a metallogenic model for copper–gold and tin porphyry mineralization. Magmatic mixing and early exsolution of a fluid phase are important ingredients for porphyry Cu–Au systems in association with silicic rocks of moderate levels of fractionation (such as diorites and monzonites), whereas extended magmatic fractionation with late-stage fluid evolution characterize lithophile-element-enriched tin porphyry systems. Received: 25 June 1999 / Accepted: 11 January 2000     

周口店多足类化石

1932—1937年间在周口店中国猿人产地及其他地点采得八十馀件节足动物化石,多破碎,完整者极少。颜色不一,由乳白而棕黄,兼有呈半透明玻璃状者。经初步观察,应属节足动物门,多足纲,倍脚目,马陆科,计一属两种: 一、山马陆(Julus of.terrestris)此种在第一,三,十五地点及山顶洞均有发现。此与现生的山马陆无甚差异,仅肛板及由二肛板所成之肛门沟稍大。二、裴氏小马陆(Julus peii Chia & Liu(sp.nov.)此种於第一,四,十五地点及山顶洞均有发现。由身体及头部形态,身体环节数目(三十个以上),知其与山马陆同属。但其决非幼小山马陆,因其体节数目多於长成之山马陆。但与现生於日本的一种 Nipponoiulus truncatus 近似,惟後者体节数较少,尾端钝圆。关於马陆属化石,据现在所知最早发现於始新统地层中,直到现在仍有生存,变异极小。以上所述二种若非与其他脊椎动物化石共生於周口店地点,则其年代颇难鉴定,因其有以後爬入岩隙死後石化之可能,不过上述之标本不但有共生脊椎动物为证,且有的已埋藏於固结的砾岩中,其属於更新统时期可无疑义。     

Fougerite: From field experiment to the homologation of the mineral

Fougerite has been approved as a new mineral by the International Mineralogical Association in February 2004. Its characteristic blue-green colour is used as a universal criterion to identify the gley soils. By oxidation, it transforms into lepidocrocite. The discovery of fougerite in 1996 was the result of 10 years of a study of in situ seasonal dynamics of the system soil–solution, which led to the confirmation of the ancient assumption of the existence of a mixed hydroxide of the group of green rusts (GRs) in gleys. Synthetic GRs consist of a brucitic layer of Fe(II)–Fe(III), whose excess positive charge, due to Fe³⁺, is compensated in the interlayer by different anions, such as sulphate, chloride, oxalate, carbonate, etc. Physical, chemical, and mineralogical characterizations have been performed as a complement, and have confirmed the first results. In fougerite from Fougères, Mg is present in the layer in addition to Fe; the nature of the interlayer anion, which can vary depending on the environment, remains an open question. To cite this article: F. Trolard, C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).     

从完善采购控制中看内部审计的作用

通过对采购业务控制制度的重新购建，即增设一个控制部门——审计及几个关键控制点，来设计一套采购与付款（托收）控制系统，重点解决采购中价格“回扣”及采购数量“回扣”的控制缺陷，对不断完善企业内部控制制度，对防范舞弊，减少损失，提高资本的再生能力具有积极的意义。     

从断代到年龄测定

本文阐述了在地学领域中,对地层的研究需要一个时间概念,早期用“断代”这个方法。年龄测定是从放射性核素的应用开始的,以放射性核素特征为基础,把测年技术归为三类：单一核素的寿命;放射性衰变中的母子体关系,核辐射效应。而任何一种测年方法都有它的适用范围和对样品的要求,要涉及到不同的学科和技术领域。