塔里木盆地侏罗系煤岩热模拟生物标志化合物特征研究

通过对塔里木盆地侏罗系煤岩热模拟实验研究,其结果表明生物标志化合物的组成不仅受其母质的控制,而且还受热成熟度和生油岩的岩性影响。这与生油岩中生物标志化合物先质在不同演化阶段释放出不同碳数生物标志化合物的强度有关。同时,在烃源岩热演化过程中时,不能仅依靠OEP值作为热成熟度的判识指标;正构烷烃峰型在整个热演化过程中呈现出双峰型,前驼峰的主峰碳主要集中在nC₁₆-nC₁₈,而后驼峰则随着模拟温度的升高逐渐增大;煤岩的ΣC_21-/ΣC₂₂₊值与热模拟温度之间呈现出规律性变化;原始煤岩的Pr/Ph值随热模拟温度由250℃～550℃升高,总体呈逐渐降低的趋势。     

辽河盆地天然气中重烃异常富集重碳同位素的成因探讨

近年来大量的研究结果表明天然气碳、氢同位素组成特征是判识天然气成因类型、进行气源对比、估算天然气的成熟度和确定天然气是否被次生改造等的有效地球化学手段。通常认为甲烷的碳同位素组成主要受源岩的母质类型和热演化程度的影响,乙烷、丙烷等重烃碳同位素组成主要决定于源岩有机母质的碳同位素组成,同时也明显地受热演化程度的影响。在辽河盆地发现一类碳同位素组成异常的天然气。这类天然气是分布于辽河盆地东部凹陷桃园地区和黄金带地区的部分浅层天然气,其甲烷的碳同位素组成δ13C₁值为-44‰～-40‰,乙烷δ13C₂值为-13‰～-6.6‰,丙烷δ13C₃值-6.1‰～+3.3‰,该类天然气的乙、丙烷异常富集重碳同位素,到目前为止在天然气藏中还是首次发现。根据地球化学资料和地质背景分析认为这天然气应是未成熟阶段的生物气或低成熟阶段的生物-热催化过度带气经过细菌氧化后形成的。     

四川盆地磨溪地区龙王庙组储层沥青的地球化学特征及其意义

根据储层中沥青的产状、元素组成、固体碳同位素、饱和烃色谱、生物标志化合物以及芳烃色谱-质谱等,对磨溪地区龙王庙组储层固体沥青的地球化学特征、成因及来源进行了剖析。研究结果表明,其总体上具有低H/C原子比值、高反射率的特征,是古油藏原油经裂解形成的残留物。储层沥青的正构烷烃分布较为完整,碳数在C₁₆-C₃₁范围,没有受到明显的生物降解作用。其可能的烃源岩发育于还原环境,有机质来源于低等水生生物,为海相泥页岩。固体沥青碳同位素值介于-33.1‰~-35.4‰之间,与下寒武统烃源岩干酪根碳同位素具有很好的可比性,同时,其生物标志化合物组成也与下寒武统烃源岩相似,表明其烃源来自于下寒武统筇竹寺组。     

藏北高原双湖地区中侏罗统海相油页岩生物标志化合物分布特征及其意义

重点报道了藏北双湖地区中侏罗统海相油页岩的生物标志化合物特征,首次在该层位油页岩中检出丰富的正烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜类化合物及甾类化合物。正烷烃图谱呈单峰形,nC₁₅、nC₁₆或nC₁₇为主峰碳,轻烃组份占有绝对优势,OEP值 0.93～ 1.0 1,无明显的奇偶碳数优势分布;Pr/Ph值为 0.77～ 1.5 9,在剖面序列中呈波动分布,显示弱植烷优势或姥鲛烷优势;藿烷以C₃₀ 占优势,萜烷相对丰度五环三萜烷 >三环萜烷 >四环萜烷;规则甾烷∑ (C₂₇+C₂₈) >∑C₂₉,∑C₂₇/∑C₂₉值为 0.79～ 1.2 0,在剖面序列中下部C₂₇甾烷略占优势,上部C₂₉甾烷略占优势,重排甾烷C₂₇/规则甾烷C₂₇值为 0.5 1～ 3.6 3,在剖面序列中具有显著的波动性,同时检出了少量孕甾烷和 4-甲基甾烷。有机质母质构成中,既有丰富的藻类等低等水生生物,可能还有一定比例陆生高等植物输入混合的特点。油页岩处于成熟阶段,整个油页岩剖面序列具有一致的热演化程度。剖面中部油页岩具有极高的原始生产力,氧化-还原条件也是控制油页岩TOC和沥青“A”含量在剖面垂向变化的重要因素.     

东疆上二叠统烃源岩中的短链甾烷

为了研究东疆地区主要盆地上二叠统烃源岩的有机地球化学特征,对三塘湖盆地和准噶尔盆上二叠统芦草沟组和平地泉组的6块烃源岩抽提物的饱和烃进行GC-MS分析,在m/z217质量色谱图中检测到C_19-21～C₂₆ 短链甾烷系列化合物。对该系列化合物地球化学特征的研究表明,东疆主要盆地在上二叠统具有相似的沉积环境、母源和生烃特征,均以干旱条件下的咸化湖相环境为主;水体中藻类等低等水生生物和微生物发育;这些原生有机质在沉积过程中经历过微生物改造作用;原始有机质与微生物降解的产物在地质条件得以共同保存,成为生烃的母质。     

烃源岩残留沥青中正构烷烃分子的碳同位素研究

对不同类型烃源岩残留沥青中ｎC₁₅正构烷烃分子碳同位素特征的研究表明，古生界海相碳酸盐生油岩和中生界淡水湖相泥质生油岩的ｎC₁₅正构烷烃分子呈富12C的碳同位素组成特征；沼泽相腐殖煤的正构烷烃分子呈富C₁₅的特征。煤系暗色泥岩的正构烷烃分子碳同位素组成介于两者之间。沉积环境和有机母质性质是制约烃源岩正构烷烃分子碳同位素特征的主要因素。ｎC₁₅正构烷烃分子系列碳同位素特征不仅是一个良好的油－岩对比和原油成因判识指标，而且还可用于煤成油的进一步划分对比。     

湘西北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩有机地球化学与矿物组成特征

文章以湘西北地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩为研究对象,分析其有机地球化学及无机矿物特征,重点对其烃源岩生物标志化合物特征进行分析。结果表明:该套页岩残余有机碳（TOC）含量高、氯仿沥青"A"含量低、生烃潜量"S₁+S₂"较小,镜质组反射率R_o在2.3%~3.19%之间,达到了过成熟阶段,以生成干气为主。分子生物标志化合物结果显示正构烷烃呈双峰型,碳数大于C₂₂的中-高碳数烃占优势;Pr/Ph平均值为0.31,植烷优势明显,指示强还原的海相沉积环境;萜烷丰度顺序为五环三萜烷>三环萜烷>四环萜烷,γ-环蜡烷与C₃₀霍烷的比值普遍大于0.3,指示其沉积母质以浮游生物及海洋性自养菌为主,含有部分藻类;Ts/（Ts+Tm）在0.35~0.38之间,与镜质组反射率对成熟度的检测结果相互印证;规则甾烷C₂₇ > C₂₉ > C₂₈,指示其母质来源以浅海生物来源为主,所有样品中均检测出孕甾烷、升孕甾烷、重排甾烷及4-甲基甾烷,表明其经历过微生物降解作用。全岩矿物组分分析显示该套页岩具备较好的开发物性条件和较强的吸附性能。综合以上分析结果,提出研究区牛蹄塘组页岩具备较好的页岩气成烃成藏的物质条件,并为该区深入开展页岩气勘探目标区优选奠定了很好的工作基础。      

松辽盆地北部上白垩统油页岩地球化学特征及沉积环境初探

松辽盆地北部上白垩统油页岩属中一差油页岩;有机质类型以Ⅰ型为主,Ⅱ.型为辅,处于低成熟一成熟阶段.生物标记化合物都含有丰富的正构烷烃、类异戊二烯型烷烃、萜类化合物和甾类化合物.正构烷烃呈前高后低的单峰型分布,nC₂₃、nC₂₇为主峰碳,重烃组份占绝对优势,OEP值为1.02～6.63,具有明显的奇碳数优势.Pr/Ph比值为0.13～1.37,多数小于0.6,具植烷优势,伽马蜡烷含量较高,油页岩沉积环境为咸化还原环境且盐度较高.萜烷丰度顺序为五环三萜烷>三环萜烷,三环萜烷中C₂₀、C₂₁和C₂₃,丰度相对较高,且C₂₀、C₂₁和C₂₃多呈倒“V”形分布,C₂₃相对富集.甾类化合物主要成份为规则甾烷C₂₇、C₂₈和C₂₉,ααα20RC₂₇、C₂₈和C₂₉甾烷多数呈几乎对称的“V”形分布,C₂₉ >C₂₈ >C₂₇.甾萜烷分布特征反映其原始有机母质构成中既有丰富的菌藻类等低等水生生物,又有一定比例的陆生高等植物混合输入.     

生物降解稠油沥青质热解产物中生物标志化合物与单体烃碳同位素组成研究

本文运用热解技术对采自准噶尔盆地风城地区6个重度生物降解稠油进行沥青质热解实验。通过分析沥青质热解产物中生物标志化合物组成和单体正构烷烃碳同位素组成,探索其在降解稠油油源研究中的应用。研究结果显示,沥青质热解产物中生物标志化合物组成特征易受热解温度的影响,指示母质沉积水体环境的参数 Pr/Ph比值随热解温度升高逐渐增大,在较高的温度下,高碳数、高环数的生物标志化合物易裂解生成低碳数、低环数的化合物,导致C20三环萜烷/C30 藿烷和孕甾烷/αααC29R甾烷两个参数的比值随热解温度升高逐渐增大,表明利用沥青质热解产物生物标志化合物组成进行降解稠油油源判识易出现偏差。而沥青质热解产物单体正构烷烃碳同位素组成随热解温度升高并没有明显的变化, 6个降解稠油沥青质热解产物单体正构烷烃碳同位素分布曲线呈水平分布,与来自风城组烃源岩的典型原油基本相似,说明沥青质热解产物中单体烃碳同位素组成特征可用于重度降解稠油油源分析。另外,通过对比稠油与其沥青质热解产物中单体正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成差异,可用于研究多油源以及后期混入的问题。     

南羌塘鄂斯玛地区早白垩世沥青地球化学特征及意义

首次在南羌塘安多县鄂斯玛地区早白垩世地层中发现沥青。从沥青有机碳含量、族组分及生物标志化合物方面综合研究了其有机地球化学特征,并进行了油源对比。研究结果表明,样品的有机碳含量为3.42%~75.01%,显示其有较高的沥青含量;族组成中重烃组分(非烃+沥青质)质量分数最高,其次为芳香烃,饱和烃质量分数最低。生物标志物研究表明,沥青的成熟度较高,沥青母岩的沉积环境为还原环境,其有机母质主要为混合来源,特别是藻类做出了重要贡献。运用生物标志化合物的相对含量指标进行油源对比研究表明,沥青可能来源于索瓦组泥岩。该研究成果对南羌塘的油气勘探具有一定意义。     

Solid bitumens: an assessment of their characteristics, genesis, and role in geological processes

Familiar since antiquity, and subject in contemporary times to various characterization schemes, the exact nature of solid bitumen is not yet fully known. Bitumens have ‘random polymer-like’ molecular structures, are mobile as highly viscous fluids or were once fluids but have since turned into solids. Solid bitumens consist mainly of large moieties, of polyclyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, occasionally with finely admixed, fine-grained cryptocrystalline graphite. Solid bitumens are distinguished from kerogen, which is the syngenetic and generally finely dispersed particulate organic matter in sedimentary rock that virtually does not migrate following its deposition. Occurrences of solid bitumens are relevant to petroleum exploration as well as the search for, and evaluation of, a variety of metallic mineral deposits. Genesis of bitumen is in many cases linked to the thermal and hydrothermal history of organic matter in sedimentary rock. Apparently bitumen, or more specifically organic acids generated along with bitumen during diagenesis, may alter porosity of reservoir rocks or otherwise prepare the ground for ore deposition. Bitumen is also relatively sensitive to alteration processes, some of which, such as oxidative weathering, water leaching, biodegradation (contact) metamorphism and ionizing radiation may likewise affect its nature. Elemental composition of bitumen commonly reflects the nature of mineral deposits. Is is possible that in petroleum exploration, trace metal abundances of bitumen may eventually allow prediction of crude oil types and volumes anticipated from a given source rock? Beside transition elements, notably Ni and V, highly anomalous concentrations of U, Pt and Au occur in some solid bitumens. During the generation of petroleum from kerogen, the trend in δ¹³C is toward lighter values. The opposite seems to occur when liquid petroleum is subjected to thermal cracking (and /or related processes) yielding solid bitumen enriched in ¹³C, and isotopically light methane. In fact, except for deasphalting and possibly some irradiation processes, the result of thermal cracking, oxidation, water leaching, inspissation (drying) and bacterial degradation of crude oil is that lower molecular weight hydrocarbons are removed leaving bitumen residues enriched in aromatic hydrocarbons, heteroatomic compounds (NSO) and ¹³C. Such phenomena are relevant to bitumen paragenesis in petroleum reservoir rocks, to certain Phanerozoic occurrences of multiple generations of bitumens, and to bitumens in mineral deposits.     

Characterization of solid bitumens originating from thermal chemical alteration and thermochemical sulfate reduction

Solid bitumen can arise from several reservoir processes acting on migrated petroleum. Insoluble solid organic residues can form by oxidative processes associated with thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) as well as by thermal chemical alteration (TCA) of petroleum. TCA may follow non-thermal processes, such as biodegradation and asphaltene precipitation, that produce viscous fluids enriched in polar compounds that are then altered into solid bitumens. It is difficult to distinguish solid bitumen formed by TCA from TSR since both processes occur under relatively high temperatures. The focus of the present work is to characterize solid bitumen samples associated with TSR- or TCA-processes using a combination of solid-state X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Sulfur X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy (S-XANES), and ¹³C NMR. Naturally occurring solid bitumens from three locations, Nisku Formation, Brazeau River area (TSR-related); La Barge Field, Madison Formation (TSR-related); and, the Alaskan North Slope, Brooks Range (TCA-related), are compared to solid bitumens generated in laboratory simulations of TSR and TCA.The chemical nature of solid bitumens with respect to organic nitrogen and sulfur can be understood in terms of (1) the nature of hydrocarbon precursor molecules, (2) the mode of sulfur incorporation, and (3) their concentration during thermal stress. TSR-solid bitumen is highly aromatic, sulfur-rich, and nitrogen-poor. These heteroatom distributions are attributed to the ability of TSR to incorporate copious amounts of inorganic sulfur (S/C atomic ratio >0.035) into aromatic structures and to initial low levels of nitrogen in the unaltered petroleum. In contrast, TCA-solid bitumen is derived from polar materials that are initially rich in sulfur and nitrogen. Aromaticity and nitrogen increase as thermal stress cleaves aliphatic moieties and condensation reactions take place. TCA-bitumens from the Brooks Range have <75% aromatic carbon. TCA-bitumens exposed to greater thermal stress can have a higher aromaticity, like that observed in TSR-bitumens. Organic sulfur in TCA-organic solids remains relatively constant with increasing maturation (S/C atomic ratio <0.035) due to offsetting preservation and H₂S elimination reactions. Although S-XANES and ¹³C NMR provide information needed to understand changes in structure and reactivity that occur in the formation of petroleum solids, in some cases XPS analysis is sufficient to determine whether a solid bitumen is formed by TCA or TSR.     

The characteristics of the biomarkers and δ13C of n-alkanes released from thermally altered solid bitumens at various maturities by catalytic hydropyrolysis

Solid bitumen occurs extensively in the paleo-reservoirs of marine sequences in southern China. The fluids in these paleo-reservoirs have usually experienced severe secondary alteration such as biodegradation and/or thermal maturation. The concentrations of extractable organic matter (EOM) in the resulting solid bitumens are too low to satisfy the amount required for instrumental analysis such as GC–MS and GC–IRMS. It is also difficult to get enough biomarkers and n-alkanes by dry pyrolysis or hydrous pyrolysis directly because such solid bitumens are hydrogen poor due to high maturities. Catalytic hydropyrolysis (HyPy) can release much more EOM from solid bitumen at mature to highly over-mature stages than Soxhlet extraction, dry pyrolysis and hydrous pyrolysis. However, whether the biomarkers in hydropyrolysates can be used for bitumen-source or bitumen–bitumen correlations has been questionable. In this study, a soft biodegraded solid bitumen sample of low maturity was thermally altered to various maturities in a closed system. HyPy was then employed to release bound biomarkers and n-alkanes. Our results show that the geochemical parameters for source and maturity based on biomarkers released from these thermally altered bitumen residues by HyPy are insensitive to the degree of thermal alteration. Furthermore, the maturity parameters are indicative of lower maturity than bitumen maturation products at a corresponding temperature. This suggests that biomarker source and maturity parameters, based on the products of HyPy, remain valid for bitumens which have suffered both biodegradation and severe thermal maturation. The distributions of δ¹³C of n-alkanes in hydropyrolysates are also insensitive to the temperature used for bitumen artificial maturation. Hence, the δ¹³C values of n-alkanes in hydropyrolysates may also provide useful information in bitumen–bitumen correlation for paleo-reservoir solid bitumens.     

Hydrothermal petroleum in the sediments of the Andaman Backarc Basin,Indian Ocean

Recent sediments of the Andaman Backarc Basin, Indian Ocean, between the Andaman Nicobar islands and the Malay Peninsula have been analyzed for biomarker lipids. Three cores were selected: one each from the fault zone in a deep basin (a graben between two fault systems), another from a location adjacent to the fault, and the third from the topographic high in the rift valley. The molecular composition of the lipid classes (n-alkanes, isoprenoids, alkylbenzenes, alkylcyclohexanes, hopanoids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, steranes, alcohols, sterols and fatty acids) was examined by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry to understand the nature and source of the hydrocarbons present and the processes of maturation of organic matter. The data show that the hydrocarbons are of hydrothermal origin, derived from thermal alteration of sedimentary organic matter, consisting of a mixture predominantly of marine-derived components with some terrestrial inputs. Normal alcohols and fatty acids also corroborate the distribution of n-alkanes. The distribution profiles and various parameters computed from the concentration of the target compounds suggest that oxidative reactions and microbial degradation in this environment are insignificant. Triterpane and PAH compositions indicate that the thermal maturity of the bitumen in the samples is comparable to or lower than that found at other hydrothermal regions such as the Northern Juan de Fuca Ridge, Guaymas Basin and Escanaba Trough.     

四川盆地东北部海、陆相储层沥青组成特征及来源

本研究系统采集了四川盆地东北部大普光、元坝地区上三叠统须家河组、下三叠统飞仙关组、上二叠统长兴组和鄂西渝东地区中石炭统黄龙组储层固体沥青样品,进行了岩石热解、有机元素、碳同位素和饱和烃、芳烃组分GC/MS的分析,以确定其成因、性质和来源。这些沥青总体上具有低溶性(多数氯仿抽提物/TOC<8%)、高反射率(换算的Ro>1.4%)、低H/C原子比(<0.6)的性质,属焦沥青类,是古油藏原油或运移烃经热裂解成气的残留物。其中,飞仙关组、长兴组碳酸岩储层沥青的S/C原子比值普遍较高(主要在0.025~0.085范围),且硫同位素δ³⁴S值(主要在12‰~24‰)接近硬石膏,说明可能包含有部分TSR成因的沥青。这些高热演化沥青中饱和烃生物标志物的组成和分布出现了异常变化,基本失去了其常规应用意义。芳烃中2,6-/2,10-DMP(二甲基菲)、1,7-/1,9-DMP和4-/1-MDBT(甲基二苯并噻吩)比值,可用来指示沥青烃源岩的有机质生源构成和沉积环境性质。须家河组陆相沥青中这些芳烃比值较高,表征其烃源母质中陆源有机质占优势,且形成于氧化性的环境;而飞仙关组、长兴组及黄龙组海相沥青中这些参数值低得多,意味着其烃源岩有机质生源应以水生生物为主,并沉积于还原性环境。经沥青/烃源岩的碳同位素和二苯并噻吩系列组成对比,认为须家河组储层沥青来源于本层位烃源岩,飞仙关组和长兴组沥青同源于二叠系烃源层。鄂西渝东地区的黄龙组沥青碳同位素偏重(δ¹³C值为-23.2‰~-26.4‰),原始烃源可能主要来自中、下志留统韩家店组及小河坝组地层。     

Thermal depolymerization of kerogen and formation of immature oil

Two Chinese immature oil shales from the continental deposits of kerogen type I and II have been thermally treated combined with the technique of supercritical fluid extraction at 630–650 K and 15–25 MPa in a semi-continuous laboratory scale apparatus. Toluence is selected as the solvent. Up to 70–80% of the kerogen matrix can be converted to a thermal bitumen and extracted simultaneously. The chemical structural parameters from the NMR, IR, XRD, ESR and EA analyses of the kerogen and the thermal bitumen show striking resemblance in nature. It implies that the thermal bitumen is primarily a depolymerized product of the kerogen. Based on the GC/MS spectra of the aliphatic eluate of the thermal bitumen, the predominance of the odd/even ratio of the alkanes and the epimeric ratios, such as 20S(20S + 20R) of C-29 steranes and 22S/(22S + 22R) of C-32 terpanes, show that the maturity of the thermal bitumen from these oil shales is comparable to that of commercial immature oils from East China. The thermal bitumen is thought to be an intermediate product of the thermal degradation of kerogen.Since the thermal bitumen is mainly composed of asphaltenes and resins, it has a structure of gel. The gel-state bitumen may turn to sol-state readily due to its low aromaticity and polarity, or due to selective adsorption of asphaltenes by clay minerals. Then the migration potential of the bitumen is enhanced.Consequently, under favorable geological conditions, the thermal depolymerization of kerogen seems to be a probable mechanism to explain the formation of immature oils.     

塔东地区构造热事件及其对原油裂解的影响

塔东地区目前共有7口探井钻遇油气勘探潜力较大的寒武系-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩地层。主要对这7口井古生界的有机质成熟度资料做了系统分析,发现其中2口井古生界有机质成熟度剖面呈直线型,属于正常的地热演化剖面;另外5口井古生界有机质成熟度存在非常明显的拐点;7口井古生界与中新生界的有机质成熟度之间不连续,即有明显的“断层”,表明塔东隆起区及斜坡区古生界地层的有机质成熟度增加并不是由于沉积埋藏造成的,而是由于深部的异常热事件造成的。从成熟度变化分析,异常热事件在垂向上主要影响下古生界地层,在平面上异常成熟度现象分布在走滑性深大断裂带附近,远离走滑性深大断裂带的井中有机质成熟度表现为正常的热演化剖面,说明在塔东地区异常热事件与深大断裂有关,称之为构造热事件。构造热事件成为塔东隆起或斜坡区在中新生代时古生界原油裂解的主要热动力。7口探井中多期沥青的存在,进一步说明该地区有过后期原油裂解,同一样品中沥青反射率存在明显的差异,反映沥青是在不同阶段形成的。其中1期沥青分布区域没有受到异常热事件影响,沥青只是早期正常埋藏成因;对2期沥青分析说明有1期后期异常热事件,与该区断裂主要活动时期（J3末）是一致的;对3期沥青分析说明存在2期后期异常热事件,与车尔臣断裂带的2期活动（S₃-D₂、J₃末）一致。     

烃源岩生成有机酸过程的高分辨质谱研究

研究石油中有机酸的生成过程对研究储层改造、石油润湿性及页岩油可动性评价具有重要意义。在热压生烃模拟实验基础上,对Ⅲ型烃源岩不同演化阶段生成油中的非烃馏分进行了负离子电喷雾傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱分析,研究了烃源岩生成有机酸过程。对样品生成有机酸分析表明,在整个演化过程烃源岩都能生成有机酸,在低演化阶段主要生成脂肪酸,随演化程度的升高,脂肪酸丰度快速减少,芳环酸开始大量生成。随演化程度的增加,芳环上短链取代基发生断裂,并促进了有机酸的缩合,使得生成的有机酸缩合度逐渐提高,高碳数有机酸逐渐减少;烃源岩生成脂肪酸系列中存在偶奇优势,生成的C16、C18脂肪酸存在异常高丰度, C16、C18脂肪酸异常丰度现象可能是污染造成的,是否与烃源岩类型及成熟度有关尚需进一步研究。     

川东北地区普光2井飞仙关组储层沥青地球化学特征及成因分析

根据储层中沥青的产状及类型、族组成、饱和烃色谱、生物标志化合物以及储层沥青反射率等,对普光2井飞仙关组储层固体沥青的地球化学特征及成因进行了详尽的剖析。研究结果表明,普光2井飞仙关组储层沥青为古油藏原油经裂解成气之后的残留物,属热演化的焦沥青。储层沥青的正构烷烃分布较为完整,碳数在C14~C30范围,没有受到明显的生物降解作用。Pr/Ph、Pr/nC17和Ph/nC18比值都小于1.0;OEP值1.25～1.43,CPI值0.98～1.19,无奇偶优势或偶奇优势;规则甾烷系列中C27化合物含量占优势,C27-C29规则甾烷呈不对称的“V”字型分布,甾烷异构化程度较低,明显低于异构化平衡值,认为是由于高、过成熟阶段S构型比R构型裂解速率更快的结果。飞一段、飞二段孕甾烷、升孕甾烷含量明显较飞三段高,可能是有机质生源或沉积环境性质上的不同所致。萜类化合物以五环萜烷为主,三环萜烷较为发育,其以C23三环萜烷为基峰,伽马蜡烷的含量较高。这些特征表明普光2井储层沥青主要来源于低等水生生物,有机质的热演化程度较高,主要处于高-过成熟阶段,有机母质形成于沉积水体咸度较高的海相沉积环境中。储层沥青中高含量25 降藿烷并非生物降解作用所致,而主要与源岩的热演化程度较高有关。     

麻江古油藏原生水晶中固体沥青包裹体的发现及地质意义

在麻江古油藏坝固地区,产于下奥陶统红花园组碳酸盐岩储层晶洞中的大部分水晶中均含有固体沥青包裹体,其中一类为水晶生长过程中捕获白云岩晶洞中的储层沥青,可能代表了传统上认为的在加里东期被破坏的麻江古油藏。激光拉曼光谱分析显示该类固体沥青包裹体与白云岩晶洞中的储层沥青都具有较高的演化程度。根据流体包裹体显微测温和埋藏史分析,认为麻江古油藏存在印支期成藏的油气,结合流体包裹体与水晶中原生固体沥青包裹体的共生关系,为传统认为的麻江古油藏在加里东期被破坏提供了新证据,此外,还对印支期成藏油气的来源做了初步分析。