Magnetostratigraphy of the lower Triassic volcanics from deep drill SG6 in western Siberia: evidence for long-lasting Permo–Triassic volcanic activity

The deep drill hole SG6 in western Siberia (66°N, 78.5°E) penetrated 1.1  km of lower Triassic basalts, which are possibly an extension of the central Siberian Permo– Triassic flood basalt province. About 300 samples of these basalts were progressively demagnetized and measured. Principal component analysis often shows multiple magnetizations carried by haematite and magnetite. The corrected mean inclinations are +77° and −77° for the haematite component. A magnetostratigraphic scale was derived and showed a N–R–N–R–N succession. This is quite different from the Noril'sk and Taimyr typical polarity scale, R–N.
  The basalts found in the SG6 deep drill hole are slightly younger than those of central Siberia and Taimyr. They correspond to middle–upper Induan age, whereas the Noril'sk and Taimyr sections correspond to an uppermost Permian and lower Induan age. Altogether they indicate that, after a high output rate of volcanic material near the Permo–Triassic boundary, this activity slowed down drastically on the Siberian platform and Taimyr, but persisted for several million years in western Siberia.     

Magnetostratigraphic investigations of the Middle Triassic Badong Formation in South China

Magnetostratigraphic sampling of the Middle Triassic Badong Formation in South China was conducted at three sections. A dual-polarity characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) resolved from most samples by thermal demagnetization is shown to have been acquired prior to folding. The primary nature of the ChRM is corroborated by the discovery of the same magnetic polarity at equivalent stratigraphic levels in more than one section. The relative sample VGP (virtual geomagnetic pole) latitudes define nine magnetozones for the three major constituent members of the formation. Comparison with the Mid-Triassic magnetic polarity sequence observed from the western Tethyan region appears to indicate that the bulk of the Badong Formation is Anisian in age and that Ladinian sediments are largely missing. This agrees with palaeontological and stratigraphic evidence in the region and supports the view that Ladinian regression is a major event in the geological evolution of South China, which may signal the onset of amalgamation of the Yangtze Block (YB) with the North China Block (NCB).     

Pyroclastic material from the Upper Triassic deposits of Sassenfjorden, Spitsbergen

Pyroclastic material of a rhyolite type is present in some thin layers in the upper part of the De Geerdalen Z Formation in the Sassenfjorden area. This is the first evidence of late Triassic (Norian Rhaetian) volcanic activity in Svalbard.     

The Triassic ammonite Aristoptychites kolymensis (Kiparisova) from Botneheia, Spitsbergen

Aristoptychites kolymensis (Kiparisova) is investigated and described in detail from collections made at Botneheia, Spitsbergen, where it occurs at the top of the Botneheia Formation (Daonella Shale). It is a rather small species and the stratigraphically highest representative of the genus in Spitsbergen. Its suture line is remarkable by its possession of the additional U.-lobes between the internal lobe and the first umbilical lobe. A lobe of this kind has so far been described only once, with Arcestes (Proarcestes) bicarinatus by Schindewolf (1968), which suggests affinities between Ptychitidae and Arcestidae.     

甘肃省宝积山晚三叠世植物群与古地理研究

晚三叠世地层是我国西北的主要产煤产油地层,对甘肃省宝积山晚三叠世植物群及古地理进行研究,发现植物群31属56种。其中真蕨类植物7属16种,有节类植物4属10种,种子蕨类植物2属2种,苏铁类植物5属7种,银杏类植物6属13种,松柏类植物2属3种,裸子植物种子化石3属3种,分类位置不明化石2属2种,发现了多实拟丹尼蕨和蔡耶贝尔瑙蕨两种北方植物群的典型代表。植物生态类型主要为滨岸、高地和低地。依据纵向分布特点,可将宝积山植物群划分为多实拟丹尼蕨(Danaeopsis fecunda)—周氏似银杏(Ginkgoites chowi)和巨大枝脉蕨(Cladophlebiscf.gigantea)—蟹形新芦木(Neocalamites carcinoides)两个组合带。当时的古气候应为亚热带,通过对沉积物分析确定古环境出现过多次变化,将上三叠统划分为5个古地理演化阶段,可与邻区进行对比。     

论四川盆地三叠系地下水水文地质条件

四川盆地三叠系地下水可划分出碎屑岩孔隙裂隙和碳酸盐岩岩溶裂隙两大储集类型。按此处构造开启程度和埋深条件等的不同,下中三叠统地下水有沉积变质水和渗入淋滤水两种基本成因类型,水动力特征各异。沉积变质水处于深埋封闭条件,受地静压力驱动控制;渗入淋滤水分布于背斜露头区和浅部地区,受静水压力驱动控制。并由此控制了盆地三叠系盐类的保存条件。     

Geology and palynology of the Triassic succession of Bjørnøya

The Triassic succession of Bjørnøya (200 m) comprises the Lower Triassic Urd Formation (65 m) of the Sassendalen Group, and the Middle and Upper Triassic Skuld Formation (135 m) of the Kapp Toscana Group. These units are separated by a condensed '.'Middle Triassic sequence represented by a phosphatic remainé conglomerate (0.2m).
The Urd Formation consists of grey to dark grey shales with yellow weathering dolomitic beds and nodules. Palynology indicates the oldest beds to be Diencrian; ammonoid faunas in the middle and upper part of the formation arc of Smithian age. The organic content (c. 1 %) includes kerogen of land and marine origin, reflecting a shallow marine depositional environment.
The Skuld Formation is dominated by grey shales with red weathering siderite nodules. There are minor coarsening upwards sequences; the highest bed exposed is a 20 m thick, very fine-grained sandstone. Palynomorphs indicate a late Ladinian age for the lower part of the formation, and macrofossils and palynomorphs indicate Ladinian to Carnian ages for the upper part. Sedimentary structures, a sparse marine fauna and microplankton indicate deposition in a shallow marine environment. The organic residues contain dominantly terrestrially derived kerogen.     

论盐类保存条件研究对四川盆地三叠系找钾工作的重要性

四川盆地三叠系T1j4、T1j5成盐期卤水浓缩程度较高,已达钾盐沉积阶段,然而人们至今并未找到固相可溶性钾矿层。究其原因,乃盆地T1j4、T1j5盐类形成以来经历了沉积成岩—古剥蚀淋滤—深埋封闭—再次剥蚀淋滤等4个地质及水文地质发展阶段,可能导致固相盐类乃至钾矿层的溶滤破坏,因此加强对盐类成盐期极其以后地质历史发展阶段保存条件的研究极其重要,应予重视。     

Syn-depositional halokinesis in the Zechstein Supergroup (Lopingian) controls Triassic minibasin genesis and location

Salt tectonics is typically caused by the flow of mobile evaporites in response to post-depositional gravity gliding and/or differential loading by overburden sediments. This situation is considerably more complex near the margins of salt basins, where carbonate and clastic rocks may be deposited at the same time as and be interbedded with more mobile, evaporitic strata. In these cases, syn-depositional salt flow may occur due to density differences in the deposited lithologies, although our understanding of this and related processes is relatively poor. We here use 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the Devil's Hole Horst, West Central Shelf, offshore UK to understand the genesis, geometry, and kinematic evolution of intra-Zechstein Supergroup (Lopingian) minibasins and their effect on post-depositional salt deformation. We show that immobile, pinnacle-to-barrier-like, carbonate build-ups and anhydrite are largely restricted to intra-basin highs, whereas mobile halite, which flowed to form large diapirs, dominates in the deep basin. At the transition between the intra-basin highs and the deep basin, a belt of intra-Zechstein minibasins occurs, forming due to the subsidence of relatively dense anhydrite into underlying halite. Depending on primary halite thickness, these intra-Zechstein minibasins created topographic lows, dictating where Triassic minibasins subsequently nucleated and down-built. Our study refines the original depositional model for the Zechstein Supergroup in the Central North Sea, with the results also helping us better understand the style and distribution of syn-depositional salt flow within other layered evaporitic sequences and the role intra-salt heterogeneity and related deformation may have in the associated petroleum plays.     

论四川盆地三叠系盐类热融水溶变质对找钾方向的控制

四川盆地蕴藏丰富的盐卤资源。从盆地海相三叠系盐类大量的热融、水溶变质资料 ,阐述了它对盆地三叠系找钾方向的控制 ,提出开辟富钾卤水———液态钾矿的找钾工作 ,是四川盆地至为重要的找钾新方向     

Tectonic evolution of the Triassic Songpan-Ganzi basin as constrained by a synthesis of multi-proxy provenance data

The triangular Songpan-Ganzi flysch terrane exposes a Triassic turbidite sequence with an average thickness of ca. 8 km. The sediments may have been accumulated in a remnant Paleo-Tethyan ocean bounded by the converging North China, South China, and the Qiangtang terrane from three sides, or a back-arc basin with an oceanic basement created during the Triassic closure of the Paleo-Tethyan ocean. To differentiate the two competing models, we systematically reviewed the available provenance data that include U–Pb detrital zircon ages at the basin scale, paleocurrent directions, sandstone petrography, and heavy-mineral assemblages from the Triassic Songpan-Ganzi basin samples. We use the Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests to differentiate competing hypotheses for detrital-zircon provenance interpretations and DZmix modelling to quantify relative contributions of detrital zircon from all potential source areas for the Triassic Songpan-Ganzi deposits. The most important result of this work is that the Songpan-Ganzi basin had a stable and locally derived source system: the western, central and eastern sub-basins were mainly sourced from the north whereas the easternmost and southeastern sub-basins were mainly sourced from westernmost South China (i.e., the Longmen Shan area) and the Qiangtang terrane. The stability of the source areas around the Songpan-Ganzi basin throughout the Triassic is most compatible with the remnant ocean model that predicts a long-lived marine basin with a pre-Triassic oceanic/continental basement trapped between converging continental blocks during the Triassic.     

The environmental significance of the trace fossil Rhizocorallium jenense in the Lower Triassic of western Spitsbergen

The 500 m thick Lower Triassic succession of western comprises two shale-dominated formations, which both show upward-coarsening motifs. These reflect repeated coastal basin dominated by low energy fine-clastic sediments. The track fossils Rhizocorallium jenense and Skolithos are found in the coarser part of these units and variations in size and orientation of R. jenense give important palaeoenvironmental information.
Rhizocorallium jenense occurs in storm-generated siltstones and stones, whose deposition interrupted prevailing intermediate energy levels. Size variations and trace fossil abundance suggest an optimal habitat in the shoreface zone, with poorer adaptation to both offshore and shallower environments. Age-equivalent marine sediments on north-eastern Greenland also contain local abundant occurrences Rhizocorallium . These Arctic occurrences contrast with the same trace fossil's distribution in the Jurassic of Britain and France, where it characterizes shallower and higher energy environments; such sequences on Spitsbergen show an ichnofauna dominated by Skolithos and bivalve escape shafts.
Orientations shown by the R. jenense U-tubes show a generally, but not solely, unimodal distribution, with the curved distal entedusually oriented toward onshore. Presumed aperture lineations show strongly unimodal trends, probably related to longshore currents. Burrows in bed at the top of individual storm lobe units show more complex ably patterns probably reflecting both current and wave reworking following lobe abandonment. All finds suggest early colonization by the burrowing organisms. These were not followed by other burrowers, either because of the nutrient-poor nature of the sediment or because of high sedimentation rates.     

The Hesperides basin: a continental‐scale upper Palaeozoic to Triassic basin in southern Gondwana

The late Palaeozoic to Triassic sedimentary record of the central Argentinean offshore was analysed through the integration of data from exploratory wells and 2D seismic lines. Our interpretations were combined with existing ones in Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and South Africa for their analysis in the late Palaeozoic south‐western Gondwana context. The mapped upper Palaeozoic‐Lower Triassic stratigraphic record offshore Argentina bears a thickness of +7000 m south of the Colorado basin and encompasses the time span between Pennsylvanian and Lower Triassic; this means that it triples that of the Sierras de la Ventana of Argentina and involves a far larger time span. On the basis of seismic stratigraphic interpretations in localities near the coast, we interpret that a strong denudation process removed a great portion of the stratigraphic record in the Sierras de la Ventana, the surrounding plains and the Tandilia system of Buenos Aires. The seismic stratigraphic configuration of the late Palaeozoic succession shows continuous and parallel reflections in a wide sediment wedge extending for more than 1000 km between the Gondwanides orogen core to the south and offshore Uruguay to the north. Two salient aspects of this sedimentary wedge are that no flexural depocentre was observed at the Ventania fold belt front, and that deformation in the orogenic front is post‐Lower Triassic. The original westwards extent of the basin is interpreted to have encompassed the whole of Buenos Aires province in continuity with the Chacoparaná basin; to the east continuity and a straightforward correlation with the Karoo basin was interpreted. The name of Hespérides Basin is proposed herein to refer to a Pennsylvanian to Lower Triassic basin mainly controlled by dynamic subsidence that encompasses and exceeds the area of the Sauce Grande and Colorado basins and the Claromecó fore‐deep in Argentina. The Hespérides basin is interpreted to have been in lateral continuity with the Kalahari, Karoo and Chacoparaná basins of Africa and South America forming a +3 000 000 sq. km depocentre.