辽西山区某厂泥石流调查

通过辽西某厂泥石流灾害的实地调查,阐述了泥石流发生的条件,介绍了泥石流危害,分析了泥石流的现状并预测了发展趋势,提出了防治措施。     

我国水文测验技术的回顾与发展

简要回顾了水文测验发展的过程,介绍了中国测验工作的现状,总结了近二十余年水文测验业务建设的重大举措,评价了水文测验技术应用成果,指出了当前中国水文测验存在的主要问题和面临的挑战,提出了今后水文测验工作发展的具体建议。     

塔里木盆地地质环境演化及钾矿寻找研究进展

描述了我国钾盐资源的现状,总结了世界上大型钾盐矿床的分布和形成规律:物质基础、地质构造、岩相古地理及气候条件.分析了塔里木盆地的基本概况,阐述了在晚自垩-古近纪这一历史上重要的成盐期,塔里木盆地的地质环境演化历史,分析了塔里木盆地晚白垩纪和古近纪沉积相特点,确定了塔里木盆地的两个浓缩中心--库车凹陷和塔西南凹陷,综述了塔里木盆地的地质找钾状况,为钾盐的找矿工作做了良好的地质铺垫.     

内蒙古扎鲁特旗地区岩石物性特征

系统采集了扎鲁特旗地区的岩石物性标本,测试了密度、磁化率、剩磁强度及电阻率.全面系统地整理了扎鲁特旗地区岩石物性参数,建立了主要地层-物性柱.分析了地层岩石物性特征,明确了物性界面,补充和丰富了该区的岩石物性资料,为在该区开展后续非震物探工作的方法选择及资料处理解释提供了数据支撑.     

基于三维有限元的地下连续墙深基坑逆作法施工方案设计

基于三维有限元,对采用"逆作法"施工的地下连续墙深基坑进行了设计方案研究,按变形控制提出了设计方法,并以天津某基坑为例进行了计算.首先,对结构进行了竖向荷载作用下的结构设计计算,然后,在结构计算的基础上提出了3种基坑施工方案,分别建立了三维有限元模型.对各方案的不同工况进行计算模拟,获得了各方案在不同工况下的连续墙和楼板的应力应变结果,找出了施工的控制工况和受力的薄弱部位.最后,结合实际情况分析了各方案的优点和不足之处,对方案进行了优选,可为最终设计方案的确定提供参考.     

沥青铀矿的年龄测定方法改进

本文对核行业标准方法“沥青铀矿、晶质铀矿的年龄测定方法”进行了改进。主要采用同位素稀释高分辨等离子体质谱法（HR-ICP-MS)测定铀矿物中的铀含量，提高了测量的准确度，提高了分析速度。此外，改进了铀铅分离流程，降低了全流程本底，大大减小了样品用量，提高了TIMS法测定铅同位素组成的准确度。     

滨海潮间带土层抗拔锚杆施工工艺实践

在详细地分析了石老人海水浴场工程地质、环境条件和前期试验成果后,对该工程的抗拔锚杆施工方案进行了大胆的设计,并在施工过程中进行了合理的优化和改进,取得了良好的施工效果,达到了预期的目的.     

未来10～15年中国浅层地热能发展方向战略分析

过去15年(2005—2020年),我国浅层地热能产业发展迅猛.在理论和技术等方面取得了重大突破,主要成就包括:创立了浅层地热能地质学理论体系,开展了一系列关键技术及浅层地热能成因机理的研究,创新了浅层地热能规模化开发理念,建成了一批具有重大影响的示范项目,创建了浅层地热能研究和创新体系,推广工作取得了显著成效,促进了...     

锚杆在节理中的加固作用

提出了定量评价锚杆对节理加固作用的理论公式,并利用提出的公司研究了影响锚杆加固作用的一些重要因素,探讨了提高锚杆加固作用的有效途径,弥补了以往研究中存在的不足之处。     

隧道含水构造电阻率法超前探测正演模拟与应用

针对直流电阻率法超前探测研究中理论研究落后于工程实践的现状和探查效果较差的问题,对隧道直流电阻率法超前探测进行了系统的正演研究。首先,利用有限单元法数值手段对含水断层等多种典型含水构造的超前探测进行了正演,得到了典型含水构造超前探测的异常响应特征,提出了干扰识别与去除这一关键技术,形成了掌子面前方有用信息提取的有效途径,为隧道含水构造的超前探测奠定了理论基础。其次,研制了隧道含水构造超前探测物理模型试验装置和相似材料并开展了物理模型试验,在实验室尺度下对直流电阻率法超前探测这一新型测量方式进行了有益的探索,验证了该方法用于含水构造探测的有效性。最后,结合实际工程进行了超前地质预报实践,实现了对含水构造的定性判断。应用效果表明,直流电阻率法超前探测研究为现场应用提供了指导和参考,并为含水构造的三维反演成像与定位奠定了基础。     

Third world cities and the environment of poverty

This paper examines environmental problems associated with Third World cities. It concentrates on environmental problems as they relate to health and living conditions, especially for lower income groups. After an outline of urban growth trends, these problems are discussed on three different geographic scales. At the regional level, the paper discusses how cities draw on a wider area for natural resources (and usually for labour) and have environmental impacts which stretch far beyond their boundaries, although the most pressing impacts tend to be on their immediate hinterland. At the city-wide level there are problems of disposing of household, human and industrial wastes and of associated problems of air and water pollution. At the level of the home or workplace there are problems of inadequate space and ventilation, inadequate infrastructure and basic services, and lack of provision for the safeguarding of human health. The final section discusses how governments might tackle the causes of these environmental problems on each of these scales.     

Ecological and spatial traditions in geography,and the study of environmental problems

The author outlines the relationships between geography and the study of environmental problems. After WW II when these problems were growing in number and complexity, many geographers turned to the quantitative study of spatial relations and processes, neglecting the ecological aspects of human life on earth. However, recently human and physical geography are turning again to an ecological point of view. In the study of environmental problems, a synthesis of the spatial and the ecological traditions in geography is possible. The spatial aspects of environmental problems and environmental management in a systems-theory framework are the central points in the contribution of geography to an interdisciplinary environmental science.     

北京市斋堂镇地区主要矿山环境地质问题及防治对策

北京市斋堂镇地区煤炭开采历史悠久,多年矿山开采活动造成土地资源、水资源破坏,地面塌陷、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害,矸石堆污染及生态景观破坏等矿山环境地质问题,具有矿山环境地质问题类型多、危害严重、破坏性大、影响面广及分布集中等特点,严重地影响了斋堂地区的整体环境,威胁部分居民的生命财产安全,制约当地经济的健康有序发展。文章根据斋堂镇地区存在的诸多环境地质问题,提出通过相应的技术工作手段全面掌握区内各种环境地质问题隐患,通过制定科学合理的治理规划,采取预防措施、工程治理措施以及环境恢复措施等防治对策,最大限度地降低矿山环境地质问题可能造成的各种危害,逐步消除各种不安全隐患。     

工程地质优势面理论观点概要与认识

通过50年来的工程地质教学、研究和工程实践,形成了一个研究模式——优势面分析观点。优势面观点是建立在岩体结构控制论基础上的创新,在认识深化并立足于学科交叉上的综合发现,因此能较系统地解决实际问题。特别是20世纪90年代后期以来,优势面理论在水电、桥梁、矿山和地下工程等大型工程中取得了很多应用成果和新进展。工程地质环境岩土工程学科,强调地质、力学、工程三个要素的有机结合,作为定性和定量分析手段的结合,优势面研究有利于解决本学科的科学问题和实际问题。通过“二环,二悬,三基,一优势面”的观点、思路和方法,去研究城市环境土工安全问题,促进学科向前发展。     

Directions and possibilities of mathematical geology

This paper considers the present state of mathematical geology. Three directions are recognized: applied, theoretical, and mathematical. Applied mathematical geology includes formal use of mathematics to solve problems and computer processing of data. Success is achieved by a correspondence of mathematical methods used to the nature of geological data. This correspondence can be demonstrated by purely mathematical means. Theoretical mathematical geology uses mathematics as a language of geology; however, a number of methodological problems must be solved: formalization of initial geological concepts and creation of a strict conceptual basis, substantiation of initial principles of mathematical simulation, creation of theoretical geological models, problems of elementary and coincidence in geology, and methodological substantiations of possibilities of any mathematical model to approximate geological models. The essense and significance of these problems are considered. The main task of mathematical geology is to prove its correspondence to the nature of the geological objects studied, geological data obtained, and geological problems solvable. Finally, the main problems of mathematical geology are not so much mathematical as geological and methodological.     

岩土流变数值计算中一些问题的探讨

针对黏弹性组合模型中的两类参数,即拉压模量和拉压黏性系数以及剪切模量和剪切黏性系数在数值反分析和正分析应用中存在的概念模糊,以及转换不合理等一些问题,首先分析了这两类参数概念上的差异,接着从理论上建立了拉压模量和拉压黏性系数（常体积模量假设下广义Kelvin模型）到剪切模量和剪切黏性系数之间的转换关系,并通过一个算例,从正分析和参数反演两个角度,对这些问题进行了探讨,给出了产生这些问题的内在原因。最后,提出了解决这些问题的可行性措施,并指出这一解决措施也同样适用于其它假设情况。     

山西省某大型滑坡体治理工程分析及项目管控探讨

本滑坡体为一大型多滑面复合型复活老滑坡,笔者作为本工程的地灾监理,对该滑坡的治理方案进行了全面、深入解读及分析,发现本治理工程在项目整体管控上存在一定问题,这种问题在国内目前的地灾治理工作上具有代表性,分析、探讨本工程在整体项目管控方面的问题具有非常现实的意义,对地灾治理行业管理有一定借鉴作用。     

贵州省地下水优势及开发对策

本文分析了贵州岩溶水资源在解决工程型缺水问题中的优势、存在的主要问题,提出了解决问题的对策建议。     

Non-linear analysis of geomechanical problems using coupled finite and infinite elements

In modeling of many geomechanics problems such as underground openings, soil-foundation structure interaction problems, and in wave propagation problems through semi-infinite soil medium the soil is represented as a region of either infinite or semi-infinite extent. Numerical modeling of such problems using conventional finite elements involves a truncation of the far field in which the infinite boundary is terminated at a finite distance. In these problems, appropriate boundary conditions are introduced to approximate the solution of the infinite or semi-infinite boundaries as closely as possible. However, the task of positioning the finite boundary in conventional finite element discretization and the definition of the boundary and its conditions is very delicate and depends on the modeller's skill and intuition. Moreover, such a choice is influenced by the size of the domain to be discretized. Consequently, the dimensions of the global matrices and the time required for solution of the problem will increase considerably and also selection of the arbitrary location of truncated boundary may lead to erroneous result. In order to over come these problems, mapped infinite elements have been developed by earlier researchers (Simoni and Schrefier, 1987). In the present work the applicability of infinite element technique is examined for different geomechanics problems. A computer program INFEMEP is developed based on the conventional finite element and mapped infinite element technique. It is then validated using selected problems such as strip footing and circular footing. CPU time taken to obtain solutions using finite element approach and infinite element approach was estimated and presented to show the capability of coupled modeling in improving the computational efficiency. Mesh configurations of different sizes were used to explore the enhancement of both computational economy and solution accuracy achieved by incorporation of infinite elements to solve elastic and elasto-plastic problems in semi-infinite/finite domain as applied to geotechnical engineering. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

便携式全液压钻机及其柴油机组启动电路问题分析与探讨

介绍了便携式全液压钻机的结构及特点,并针对其柴油机组由于共振出现的电磁阀烧坏、保险脱落、电气线路脱落等问题进行了分析和探讨,提出了对便携式全液压钻机柴油机组出现的电器问题的解决方案。