镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石的制备及孔道结构研究

以钠基蒙脱石为原料,采用共聚法合成镍铝柱化剂,利用离子交换法制备镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石。通过研究不同镍铝物质的量比例和不同NaOH的量对柱撑蒙脱石制备的影响,并对其孔道结构进行探讨。XRD结果表明,当镍铝物质的量比为1∶6、加入75mlNaOH时,可得到(001)面网层间距达1.8940nm的镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石。FT-IR显示,镍铝基聚合羟基阳离子进入蒙脱石层间,柱撑蒙脱石的基本结构并未发生改变。对柱撑前后蒙脱石的比表面积和孔径结构进行分析,发现镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石比表面积为169.68m2/g,平均孔径为4.120nm,说明镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石具有较大的比表面积,较小且均匀的孔径分布,是一种合适的催化和吸附材料。     

锆基柱撑蒙脱石研究进展

锆基柱撑蒙脱石是近年来多孔材料研究的热点之一。由于大的比表面积、层间距以及孔容积,而具有良好的吸附与催化性能。近年来,锆基柱撑蒙脱石的研究进展主要集中在多种复合柱撑蒙脱石的制备,其应用多在有机物、重金属吸附和催化有机反应等方面,而对柱撑机理、层间结构的研究较少,有待深入。     

铝基柱撑蒙脱石的国内外研究进展

铝基柱撑蒙脱石作为一种新型的多孔材料是当前研究的热点之一。其具有大的比表面积，大小可调的孔径及强的化学活性而成为性能优异的吸附剂和催化剂。显示了其在石油化工和环保等领域的应用潜力。全面综述了当前铝基柱撑蒙脱石的制备。性能表征及其应用等方面的研究进展。     

（Sm，Ce）／Zr基柱撑蒙脱石的微结构特征

室温条件下，在锆基的基础上加入其他金属离子配制了(Sm，Ce)／Zr基柱化剂。用该聚合阳离子柱撑钙基蒙脱石，室温下d001值为2．1～2．3m，焙烧300℃后，d001值为1．8nm，衍射峰敏锐对称，说明柱撑蒙脱石的热稳定性超过300℃。FTIR分析结果表明(Sm，Ce)／Zr基柱化剂和蒙脱石的Si—O四面体层形成了稳定的[Si—O]—[H(O)-Zr(Sm，Ce)]键，从结构上鳃释了(Sm，Ce)／Zr基柱撑蒙脱石材料结构稳定的机理。     

柱撑粘土矿物材料的晶体结构和晶体化学特征

以铝基柱撑粘土矿物和钛基柱撑粘土矿物为例，讨论了柱撑粘土矿物材料的晶体结构和晶体化学特点，Al多核笼状阳离子基团的结构形式为1：12Keggin型离子，Ti多核笼状阳离子基团的结构形式为2：19Dawson型离子，两类笼状阳离子的直径均在1nm左右，前者的高度约为0．9nm，后者的高度约为1．4nm，经与粘土矿物层间阳离子交换后，择位固定在粘土矿物层间，由于多核笼状阳离子与粘土矿物硅氧四面体之间形成了较强的化学键，其具有不可交换性，铝基柱撑粘土和钛基柱撑粘土的层间孔道分别为1．2nm*1.2nm*1.2nm，和0.52nm*0.52nm*1.60nm。柱粘土矿物材料有很好的化学稳定性和耐热性，且又有一定的层间化学活性，可用于催化剂载体，由于它又具有选择性吸附能力，有望制造成新一代环保材料。     

铝柱撑膨润土吸附处理水中磷酸根和结晶紫

采用不同添加量(1~4 mmol/g)的聚合羟基铝离子(Al13)柱撑改性膨润土,制得系列铝柱撑膨润土(Al13-Bent)。采用X射线衍射、热分析、N2吸脱附比表面积分析等表征分析了其结构特点,比较了不同添加量Al13-Bent对水中磷酸根与结晶紫的吸附性能。结果显示,随着Al添加量增大,Al13-Bent的比表面积增大,柱撑产物的底面间距在添加量为2 mmol/g后达到最大,稳定于1.9 nm左右。Al13-Bent对水中磷酸根的吸附效果好于原始膨润土,且随着Al含量增加而提高。Al13-Bent在低Al添加量下对水中结晶紫虽有较好的吸附能力,但其吸附性能相比于膨润土原土却有所下降。就其吸附机理来看,层间域内Al13离子表面羟基与层间阴离子促进了对阴离子含氧酸根的吸附;由于Al13柱撑后,层间可交换阳离子减少,导致对阳离子型染料的吸附性能下降。     

河南信阳蒙脱石柱化研究 Ⅰ.多核金属阳离子结构合成

河南信阳蒙脱石柱化研究Ⅰ．多核金属阳离子结构合成吴平霄张惠芬肖文丁吴金平（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）（中国地质大学，武汉４３００７４）关键词多核金属阳离子柱撑蒙脱石柱化结构合成柱撑蒙脱石是由柱化剂（或交联剂）在蒙脱石层间呈“柱”...     

改性层状粘土矿物固体酸酸强度及其催化性能研究

用盐酸对高岭石和蒙脱石进行酸活化改性,再对酸活化后的蒙脱石进行羟基铝柱撑改性,然后采用X射线衍射仪对改性前后的矿物结构进行表征,并在此基础上,采用Hammett指示剂法,以正丁胺-环己烷滴定在H0为+4. 8～-5. 6酸强度范围的固体表面酸上,测出各粘土在不同酸强度下的酸量,拟合得到其酸强度分布曲线,最后以异丙苯裂解转化为模型考察了各粘土固体酸的催化性能。实验结果表明,高岭石和蒙脱石经酸活化后虽然可以提高异丙苯转化率,但是催化稳定性却有所降低;蒙脱石经过羟基铝柱撑改性后不仅大幅度提高了异丙苯转化率,而且还提高了催化稳定性。     

铝钛柱撑改性膨润土处理两种模拟废水的实验研究

以钠基膨润土为原料制备了铝钛无机柱撑、铝钛有机柱撑改性膨润土，确定了改性膨润土的最佳铝钛比和铝土比，并将其应用于模拟废水、化学实验室废水的处理。与原土进行比较，探讨了用量、pH值、搅拌时间等对COD去除率、色度去除率、浊度去除率的影响，通过正交实验对实验条件进行了优化。结果表明：有机柱撑改性膨润土、无机柱撑改性膨润土对废水的处理效果均明显好于原土，对废水色度、浊度的去除率均大于93％；对废水COD的去除效果，有机柱撑改性膨润土比无机柱撑改性膨润土有较大提高，去除率最高达66．31％，结果令人满意。     

Fe-Al复合柱撑剂制备及对丁基黄药的吸附行为

由于蒙脱石独特的层状结构和离子交换能力,使其在污水治理领域具有良好的应用前景。本文使用共聚法制备Fe-Al复合柱撑蒙脱石（Fe-Al-MT）,采用XRD、比表面积孔径分析仪和SEM等进行表征分析,并探究了Fe-Al-MT对选矿废水中丁基黄药的吸附效果。试验结果表明,当Fe-Al复合柱撑蒙脱石中n(Fe³⁺)/n(Al³⁺)=1﹕5时,Fe-Al-MT的层间距达到1.913nm,比表面积为226.65m²/g,柱撑效果最佳。在Fe-Al-MT用量为6g/L,温度为40℃,p H=5的条件下,Fe-Al-MT对丁基黄药的去除率最高达到84.16%。根据Fe-Al-MT对丁基黄药的吸附作用研究表明该反应更符合Langmuir等温线模型,表明吸附过程属于单分子吸附。吸附动力学分析表明该吸附过程主要以化学吸附为主,符合二级动力学。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861