东海北部虎皮礁邻近海域地磁异常研究

虎皮礁临近海域处在南黄海近东西向构造与东海北部NE向构造的结合部,磁异常表现为以下2个特点,即西北部呈NE及东西向强烈变化异常区及东南部弱变化异常区。2个异常区被NE向延伸的诏安-济州岛深断裂分开,两侧磁场面貌不同。结合陆地资料,通过对磁异常的研究可以得到以下2点认识:(1)江绍断裂在进入杭州湾以后并非继续沿NE向延伸至朝鲜半岛南部,而是沿30°50′N线附近转为近东西向向东延伸,东界终止于125°20′E附近;(2)江南古陆并非终止于上海附近,而是继续向东延伸,长江凹陷实际上就是发育于上海以西地区的江南古陆的向东延伸部分。     

胶州湾口海区磁力异常特征及构造解释

通过对胶州湾湾口海区磁力异常进行的定性和定量解释,并结合其它地质地球物理资料的综合分析认为,测区内存在1条NW向断裂、2条WNW向断裂及3条NE向断裂。其中NW向断裂(F3断裂)是1条新发现的断裂,属右旋断裂构造,并被多种中基性岩脉所填充。根据区内断裂构造的组合交切关系推定,F3断裂比沧口断裂活动时代要早,为非全新世活动断层。     

中国东部海区磁异常特征及其地质解释

通过对中国东部海区最新磁力资料的分析和整理,结合前人的研究成果,利用先进的计算机手段,编制了中国东部海区及邻域磁力异常图。磁异常强度一般为±200nT,局部达到±500nT以上,呈NE、NNE向带状分布,局部异常走向不一,类型多变,磁异常特征刻画出东西分带南北分块的构造模式。根据磁力异常的幅值高低、形态展布和区域变化等特点,将磁力异常划分为华北-渤海异常区、山东半岛-北黄海异常区等9个异常区和34个异常亚区,并对引起磁异常地质问题进行了探讨和解释。     

重磁资料揭示的冲绳海槽及邻区断裂和岩浆岩分布北大核心CSCD

冲绳海槽及邻区是强烈的构造活动区,断裂和岩浆岩分布广泛。以1∶100万重磁数据为基础,计算了空间重力异常、布格重力异常和ΔT磁异常的垂向和水平方向一阶和二阶导数,通过对比计算结果,对冲绳海槽及邻区断裂和岩浆岩分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,冲绳海槽发育平行和垂直于海槽走向的两组断裂带,其中垂直于海槽走向的NW、NWW向断裂带为走滑断裂,在东海构造演化过程中长期发育并逐渐向东前展,受不同时期构造应力场变化的影响,走向自西向东发生变化,整体呈现NE向凸出的弧形;岩浆岩呈带状分布,海槽东侧自北向南纵贯海槽的岩浆岩带与琉球火山前锋相对应;与钓鱼岛隆褶带相对应的宽阔岩浆岩带南端终止于27°N的NW向断裂带附近;海槽南段轴部岩浆岩带与海槽现今的扩张活动有关,而陆架边缘和陆坡上部的台北-钓鱼岛火山岩带的构造属性不同于北部的钓鱼岛隆褶带。     

重磁资料揭示的冲绳海槽及邻区断裂和岩浆岩分布

冲绳海槽及邻区是强烈的构造活动区,断裂和岩浆岩分布广泛。以1∶100万重磁数据为基础,计算了空间重力异常、布格重力异常和ΔT磁异常的垂向和水平方向一阶和二阶导数,通过对比计算结果,对冲绳海槽及邻区断裂和岩浆岩分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,冲绳海槽发育平行和垂直于海槽走向的两组断裂带,其中垂直于海槽走向的NW、NWW向断裂带为走滑断裂,在东海构造演化过程中长期发育并逐渐向东前展,受不同时期构造应力场变化的影响,走向自西向东发生变化,整体呈现NE向凸出的弧形;岩浆岩呈带状分布,海槽东侧自北向南纵贯海槽的岩浆岩带与琉球火山前锋相对应;与钓鱼岛隆褶带相对应的宽阔岩浆岩带南端终止于27°N的NW向断裂带附近;海槽南段轴部岩浆岩带与海槽现今的扩张活动有关,而陆架边缘和陆坡上部的台北-钓鱼岛火山岩带的构造属性不同于北部的钓鱼岛隆褶带。     

滨海断裂带珠江口段的重磁资料解释

通过重磁资料系统处理、研究、解释,确认滨海断裂带珠江口段的存在,且是一条规模巨大特征明显的断裂带,深度在30 km以上,呈NEE向展布,是由滨岸断裂带和滨海断裂带界限的高重力地质块体带,重力、航磁梯度带或灰度带图像反映清楚。在浅部,它与NW和NE向断裂互有切割,不过,NW向断裂切割滨海断裂带和NE向断裂带的频度更高,图像更清晰。在10 km以深,NE、NW向断裂基本上消失,阻截在滨海断裂带内,某些资料认为,NE向莲花山断裂带往西南入海(本区)转为NEE走向,从重磁资料分析,这些NEE走向断裂其实是滨海断裂带的一部分。莲花山断裂带进入本区后,仍以NE45°左右方向,经深圳、香港,至万山群岛被滨海断裂带截断,图像清楚,不存在NE向转NEE向现象。滨海断裂带是一条活动性较强的断裂带,在珠江口段,强势不改,它与NW、NE向断裂交汇并相互切割,具备5级以上地震构造条件,尤其是与形成时代新、活动性较强的NW向断裂交切部位(如镇海湾、广海湾、崖门、澳门、担杆列岛地区)。但是,NW向断裂在本区较浅,不如粤闽、粤桂交界地区深(≥30 km),所以本研究区(段)地震强度应低于后者。     

东海西湖凹陷北部基底构造特征

根据最新的重磁资料,反演了西湖凹陷北部的基底深度,推断解释了火成岩和断裂构造,结合相关地质和构造方面资料,对西湖凹陷北部基底性质和基底构造特征进行了分析,深化了对西湖凹陷北部基底构造特征的认识。研究认为,区内的断裂构造主要由NE向和NW向两组断裂构成。NE向的断裂主要为年代较老的大断裂,它们在构造上被NW向的断裂错断,并被NW向断层复杂化;西湖凹陷的火成岩比较发育,火成岩主要沿着大的断裂带以及断裂带的两侧分布,形成许多串珠状的火成岩带。岩浆岩的分布受断裂控制明显,尤其是在NE向断裂与NW向断裂交汇处,更是岩浆活动的主要地区;西湖凹陷北部的古新近系基底构造主体走向为NE向,但明显受NW向断裂的改造,形成东西分带、南北分块的构造特征。西湖凹陷基底构造起伏较大,绝大部分的基底深度都在5000m以下,总体上呈南高北低、凸凹相间分布,由东到西分别为保俶斜坡、三潭深凹、浙东中央背斜带、白堤深凹和天屏冲断带5个次级构造单元。     

漳州地区地下热水的水文地质特征及映震效应

对漳州地区温泉的水文地质特征的研究表明,本区地下热水热流值高,呈NE 向狭长条带状展布,含较多的可溶性SiO_2、F~-和Rn。温泉出露与NW、NE 和E-W向断裂关系密切,且大部分来自燕山早期的花岗岩和花岗闪长岩体。根据温泉分布与构造的关系及水化学特征,将本区温泉出露分为四个区。对地震前后温泉的水化学组成和水位变化的若干实例的分析表明,温泉的水文地质特征具有较好的映震效应。因此,加强地下水观测,对本区的地震监测和预报具有重要的实践意义。     

闽东南大陆边缘活动断裂与地震

呈NE向展布于闽东南大陆边缘的长乐—诏安断裂带,是一条规模较大、深切地壳、新活动明显的复式断裂带。晚更新世以来,断裂活动强度有自陆向海逐渐增强的趋势,近岸海域断裂活动速率最大。在与NW向断裂交汇地段,两组断裂活动速率都趋增大。断裂活动主要表现为NE向和NW向两组断裂构造控制下的断块差异运动,其运动方式既有垂直活动又兼具剪切走滑性质,地震是断裂活动的结果,区内地震空间分布与断裂活动方式和活动强度密切相关。     

东海陆架盆地及其邻域岩浆岩时空分布特征

基于二维地震资料和重磁资料的处理、解释,研究了东海陆架盆地及其邻域岩浆岩时空分布特征,并收集整理浙闽地区相关地质资料,将海陆连为一体进行综合解释。浙闽陆区岩浆岩非常发育,并且大致沿28°N为界,北侧岩浆岩大体呈NE向带状分布,南侧则呈NNE向带状分布,且埋深较浅,甚至在有些地区出露地表,其分布特征受区内大断裂的控制。综合地震、重磁资料研究认为,海域岩浆岩多分布在隆起部位或凹陷的边缘位置,发育情况与断裂的展布密切相关。收集整理了海域钻遇岩浆岩的15口钻井资料,沿自SW至NE一线,对岩浆岩的同位素年龄进行了统计分析,并结合其侵入关系对岩浆活动进行了期次和展布特征的划分,初步划分为4期:燕山期、四川期、华北期和喜马拉雅期;4带:浙闽隆起区、中部隆起区、钓鱼岛隆褶带和琉球岛弧带。     

伶仃洋南部断裂构造特征

利用综合地球物理调查资料研究了伶仃洋南部断裂构造的位置、延伸方向和产状特征。结果表明,在伶仃洋南部的断裂是陆域断裂在海域的延伸,以基岩断裂为主,少数断裂影响到第四系沉积物,并表现出分段活动性。海域NE—ENE向断裂与两侧陆域的NE—ENE向断裂连接在一起,构成一条完整的NE—ENE向断裂构造体系。NW向断裂活动时代晚于NE—ENE向断裂,其右行走滑运动将NE—ENE向断裂截切和错移。形成这一构造格局的主要动力来自新生代以来南海的拉张作用以及澳洲板块南北向的推挤作用。     

Distribution and invasion of Spartina alterniflora within the Jiaozhou Bay monitored by remote sensing image

Spartina alterniflora as an alien invasive plant, poses a serious threat to the ecological functions of the coastal wetland of the Jiaozhou Bay. As of 2019, the distribution area of S. alterniflora in the Jiaozhou Bay has reached more than 500 hm². For this reason, combined with field surveys, remote sensing monitoring of the invasion S.alterniflora in the Jiaozhou Bay has been carried out. To accurately identify S. alterniflora within the Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland, we used a new m...     

莱州湾西构造带断裂特征及其对油气成藏的控制

受古近纪莱州湾凹陷大规模断陷、郯庐断裂右旋走滑和垦东凸起大规模隆升三方面因素共同作用,莱州湾西构造带断裂系统发育,根据断裂性质及发育规模将断裂划分为3组不同方向的断裂组合,对油气的运移、聚集及保存都产生重要影响。根据莱州湾地区油气成藏规律并结合渤海其他区域近年勘探成果综合分析,莱北1号断层、斜坡区东西向反向正断层和走滑末端雁行式断层三类大规模调节断层对于油气成藏影响作用较大,这三类断层所控制的圈闭也是莱州湾凹陷及围区下一步勘探获得突破的重点区域。     

Late Pleistocene–Holocene evolution of the southern Marmara shelf and sub-basins: middle strand of the North Anatolian fault,southern Marmara Sea,Turkey

Although there are many research studies on the northern and southern branches of the North Anatolian fault, cutting through the deep basins of the Sea of Marmara in the north and creating a series of pull-apart basins on the southern mainland, little data is available about the geometrical and kinematical characteristics of the middle strand of the North Anatolian fault. The first detailed geometry of the middle strand of the North Anatolian fault along the southern Marmara shelf, including the Gemlik and Band?rma Bay, will be given in this study, by a combined interpretation of different seismic data sets. The characteristic features of its segments and their importance on the paleogeographic evolution of the southern shelf sub-basins were defined. The longest one of these faults, the Armutlu-Band?rma segment, is a 75-km long dextral strike-slip fault which connects the W–E trending Gençali segment in the east and NE–SW trending Kap?da?-Edincik segment in the west. In this context, the Gemlik Bay opened as a pull-apart basin under the control of the middle strand whilst a new fault segment developed during the late Pleistocene, cutting through the eastern rim of the bay. In this region, a delta front forming the paleoshoreline of the Gemlik paleolake was cut and shifted approximately 60 ± 5 m by the new segment. The same offset on this fault was also measured on a natural scarp of acoustic basement to the west and integrated with this paleoshoreline forming the slightly descending topset–foreset reflections of the delta front. Therefore the new segment is believed to be active at least for the last 30,000 years. The annual lateral slip rate representing this period of time will be 2 mm, which is quite consistent with modern GPS measurements. Towards the west, the Band?rma Bay is a rectangular transpressional basin whilst the Erdek Bay is a passive basin under the control of NW–SE trending faults. When the water level of the paleo-Marmara lake dropped down to ?90 m, the water levels of the suspended paleolakes of Band?rma and Gemlik on the southern shelf were ?50.3 (?3.3 Global Isostatic Adjustment—GIA) and ?60.5 (?3.3 GIA) m below the present mean sea level, respectively. As of today a similar example can be seen between the Sea of Marmara and the shallow freshwater lakes of Manyas and Uluabat. Similarly, the paleolakes of Gemlik and Bandirma were affected by the water level fluctuations at different time periods, even though both lakes were isolated from the Sea of Marmara during the glacial periods.     

南昆嵩地区断裂?构造演化特征及其控制因素

南昆嵩地区是万安盆地西部负向构造单元,其中部N–S向断裂贯穿南北,独特的构造特征使其成为研究万安盆地西部构造演化与区域断裂走滑活动的窗口。将研究区沉积地层划分为3套构造层,通过回剥法绘制南昆嵩地区构造–沉积充填剖面,并计算南昆嵩地区构造沉降量以及构造沉降速率,论述南昆嵩地区构造演化史与沉降过程以及控制因素。研究结果表明:下部构造层和中部构造层中断裂组合样式主要为卷心型断层、“Y”型断层、阶梯状断层和高角度花状构造等,断裂延伸方向大致可分为:N–S向、W–E向和NE–SW向3种;上部构造层断裂不发育,为稳定沉积;在区域走滑断裂以及南海扩张运动的控制下,南昆嵩地区始新世以来构造演化经历4个阶段:初始裂谷期、伸展断拗期、走滑改造期和热沉降期,新生代地层构造性质也表现为以伸展与走滑作用为主–走滑断裂控制–热沉降的三段式转变。     

珠江三角洲的活动断裂与区域稳定性分析

珠江三角洲的活动断裂主要为弱活动断裂,分别属于NW,NE和EW向三组断裂,活动断裂是控制该三角洲断块运动和地震活动的关键。珠江三角洲主要为区域稳定性中等地区。     

Analysis of the magnetic anomaly field of the volcanic district of the Bay of Naples, Italy

We here present and discuss the results of the analysis and qualitative interpretation of two magnetic surveys performed in the Bay of Naples in 1998 and 2000. A map of the Bay of Naples based on the data acquired during these surveys has already been published by the Italian CNR-IAMC Research Institute. We re-processed the same data to produce maps of the pole reduced, analytic signal and horizontal derivative data and correlated them with the bathymetry and the gravimetric data of the area. The analysis shows strong anomalies in the NW and NE volcanic areas of the Bay of Naples, while the central area seems magnetically quiet. In the Phlegrean area the maps clearly show the southern rim of the Phlegrean caldera and demonstrate that while the Magnaghi Canyon is correlated to gravimetric highs and magnetic structures, and can therefore be interpreted as an active lineament, most of Dohrn Canyon is not characterized by volcanic activity and does not correlate to any gravimetric or magnetic structures. An important round-shaped magnetic anomaly is for the first time identified in the central slope of the gulf between the two canyons, probably correlated to a large buried volcanic edifice. In the Vesuvian area some intense circular anomalies, aligned in the NNW–SSE direction, are localized in the Torre del Greco and Torre Annunziata offshore, related to the submerged part of Vesuvius and possibly connected to buried vents.     

Magnetic survey of Lake Kinneret-central Jordan Valley,Israel

A magnetic survey of Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) was conducted on a 1 km grid of north-south and east-west lines. The results indicate that the margins of the lake are associated with large amplitude anomalies, while the centre is quite smooth. The largest anomaly, more than 500 nT, was detected in the vicinity of the entrance of the Jordan River into the lake. Its source is interpreted to be Late Cenozoic basaltic flows. The lake's margins are associated with faults, hot springs and magnetic anomalies. A broad magnetic anomaly trending east-northeast extends from Ginosar Valley into the lake through most of the lake's width. The distribution of basalt flows of different ages and the various structures of the magnetized layers are all contributing to the magnetic anomaly pattern.     

Submarine canyons on the north of Chiwei Island: influenced by recent extension of the southern Okinawa Trough

Based on new multibeam bathymetric data and about 300 km long single seismic profiles, three topographic units were identified:the canyons, fractural valley and submarine terrace on the north of Chiwei Island where is a structural transition zone between the southern trough and the middle trough. The Chiwei Canyon and the North Chiwei Canyon are two of the largest canyons in the East China Sea (ECS) slope. Topographic features and architectures of them are described. The study shows that both of them are originated along faults. The evolution and spatial distribution of topographic units in the study area are controlled mainly by three groups of faults which were formed and reactive in the recent extensional phase of Okinawa Trough. The Chiwei Canyon was initiated during the middle Pleistocene and guided by F4 that is a N-S trending fault on the slope and F1, a large NW-SE trending fault on the trough. The pathway migration from the remnant channel to the present one of Chiwei Canyon is the result of uplift of tilted fault block that is coupled to the recent extension movements of the southern trough. The submarine terrace is detached from the ECS slope by the NEE-trending fault. The North Chiwei Canyon, developing during the late Pleistocene, is guided by F5, a N-S trending fault, diverted and blocked by the submarine terrace.