共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):247-251
1999年5~6月对大西洋浪蛤进行人工繁殖试 验。结果表明,大西洋浪蛤一年能达到性成熟,一个繁殖季节产卵一次,卵为球形,卵径为 50~60μm;在23℃左右水温下,受精卵经16~20h发育成D形幼虫,幼虫浮游期为16~20d; 壳长260~290μm时为附着变态阶段。幼虫培育盐度要求在16以上。 相似文献
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饵料密度、温度和体质量对大西洋浪蛤滤水率的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
2004年4月~7月采用实验生态学方法对浙江引种养殖的大西洋浪蛤(Spisula solidissima)繁殖培育的一龄蛤进行滤水率的研究。结果表明:(1)以新月菱形藻为饵料,在适宜的饵料密度范围内大西洋浪蛤的滤水率随着饵料密度的增加而增大,它们之间呈函数关系;(2)体质量对滤水率的影响呈幂函数关系y=0.1622W^0.848(R^2=0.9988);(3)在一定温度范围内,随温度升高滤水率增加;超过一定温度范围,随温度升高滤水率下降。当温度为21℃时滤水率达到最大值0.77L/h。 相似文献
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大西洋浪蛤繁殖生物学研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
于2002年1月至2003年1月 ,在浙江温州对引种养殖的大西洋浪蛤(Spisulasolidissima)的性腺发育、生殖周期、肥满度、胚胎发育、幼虫发育及变态等进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,大西洋浪蛤性腺发育过程分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期、休止期5个阶段。在浙南沿海的大西洋浪蛤繁殖期在4月下旬至6月上旬 (水温19.5~25℃ ) ,可大量产卵二次 ;肥满度最高出现在5月份,为10.37 % ,最低出现在2月份 ,为4.66 %。个体产卵量为14.1×104~111.1×104粒 ,卵沉性 ,卵径50~60μm ;受精卵在水温19.5~23℃ ,经16~20h孵化成D形幼虫 ;初孵D形幼虫平均大小为75μm×62μm ,浮游幼虫经12~13d培养进入壳顶后期 ,15~16d进入附着变态期 ,壳长为260~290μm ,发育变态为稚贝。 相似文献
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采用室内实验生态学方法研究了饥饿对大西洋浪蛤(Spisula solidissima)耗氧率和排氨率的影响.试验浪蛤软体部干质量为0.049g±0.003 g,实验饥饿的时间分别为1,3,5,7,10,13,20,27 d.结果表明:(1)饥饿对浪蛤的耗氧率影响极显著(P<0.01).浪蛤在饥饿1~7 d时其耗氧率随着时间的延长而增大;饥饿7 d以后,其耗氧率随饥饿时间的延长而下降.(2)饥饿对浪蛤的排氨率影响极显著(P<0.01).浪蛤在饥饿1~5 d时其耗氧率随时间的延长而增大;在饥饿5 d以后,其排氨率随饥饿时间的延长而下降.(3)在实验期内浪蛤的O/N(O为呼吸氧原子数,N为排出氨态氮原子教)值为17.05~34.18,平均值为21.1. 相似文献
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几种环境因子对彩虹明樱蛤Moerella iridescens不同发育阶段的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文报告了几种环境因子对不同发育阶段彩虹明樱蛤的生存、生长的影响。彩虹明樱蛤为广温、广盐性种类,适温范围为1~33℃;适盐范围为7.37~42.72。在海水酸碱度为7.98左右条件下,存活率最高,生长最好。稚贝的耐干露能力低下。 相似文献
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几种食用贝类淀粉酶活性的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本研究对10种常见食用贝类成体的淀粉酶在不同pH值、不同温度条件下进行了活性测定。结果表明,其总体消化器官淀粉酶的最适温度为:青蛤(Cyclina sinensis),33℃;缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta),32℃;文蛤(Meretrix meretrix),43℃;等边浅蛤(Gomphina veneriformis),35℃;菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum),34℃;泥螺(Bullacta exarata),40℃;彩虹明樱蛤(Moerella iridescens),37℃;微黄镰玉螺(Lunatica gilva),43℃;锈凹螺(Chlorostoma rusticum),43℃;疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera),43℃;淀粉酶的最适pH值范围为4.6-4,9,不同贝类稍有不同;同一种类中肝脏淀粉酶的活性大于肠淀粉酶的活性。 相似文献
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Early life stages of Spisula solidissima (1-, 4-, 8- and 12-h post-fertilization) were exposed to various concentrations of silver in solution (0, 4, 8, 24, 44, 124 and 278 μg liter?1) for 1 h. An additional group of 1-h post-fertilized eggs was treated with 0, 4, 11 and 24 μg liter?1 silver continuously for 48h. Results indicate that younger embryos are more susceptible to Ag. Exposure of one-hour-old embryos to silver for only 1 h gives results similar to a continuous 48-h exposure to the same concentration of Ag. The calculated EC50 for 48-h continuously exposed embryos was similar to the EC50 for 1-h post-fertilized embryos that were exposed to silver for only 1 h. 相似文献
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Ammonia is a natural component of sediments and has been identified as a common contributor to toxicity in marine sediment, elutriate and porewater testing. In our study, the role of ammonia as a possible toxicant in sediment toxicity tests was evaluated using larvae of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima. Elutriates were prepared and tested using six baseline sediment samples. Ammonia was then purged from aliquots of the baseline sediment samples prior to elutriate preparation. Finally, ammonia was spiked into aliquots of the purged elutriates to mimic ammonia concentrations measured in the baseline elutriates. Toxicity was present in all of the baseline samples and was removed in the ammonia purged samples. In most cases, toxicity was comparable in the ammonia spiked samples to levels measured in the baseline samples. Water only toxicity tests revealed that larvae of the surf clam are one of the more ammonia sensitive marine species. The LC50 for survival was 10.6?mg/L total ammonia (.53?mg/L unionized ammonia) and the EC50 for shell development was 2.35?mg/L total ammonia (.12?mg/L unionized ammonia). Toxicity endpoints calculated from the water only ammonia toxicity test were good predictors of effects observed in the sediment elutriate tests. 相似文献
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温度对半滑舌鳎的生长、生化组成和能量收支的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了不同温度(16,19,22,25,28和31 ℃)对半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther)幼鱼的生长、体成分组成和能量收支的影响.结果表明,随温度的升高,半滑舌鳎幼鱼生长率总体呈现先升高后降低的趋势.其中,在19~25 ℃温度范围内,半滑舌鳎幼鱼的特定生长率相对较高,在16和28 ℃下则有所降低,而在31 ℃下,半滑舌鳎幼鱼特定生长率则显著降低.本研究表明半滑舌鳎幼鱼特定生长率与温度符合二次曲线模型.半滑舌鳎摄食量随温度升高而逐渐增大,但在31 ℃时显著减小,饵料转化率则随温度的升高而降低.鱼体脂肪与能值均随温度升高而降低,蛋白质含量受温度影响不显著.温度对半滑舌鳎的能量收支影响显著,其中,生长能和代谢能主导半滑舌鳎的能量分配,生长能占摄食能比例则随温度的升高而降低,呼吸能占摄食能比例则随温度的升高而升高.本研究表明,半滑舌鳎幼鱼(13~37 g)适宜生长温度范围为18~25 ℃,而不同温度导致的半滑舌鳎摄食量和能量收支的差异可能是温度影响其生长的主要生理生态学机制. 相似文献
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企鹅珍珠贝耗氧率和排氨率的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用室内实验生态学方法对企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率进行了研究。旨在为企鹅珍珠贝养殖容量(carrying capacity for aquaculture)的调查及育珠生理的研究提供参考,并可为海洋生态系统动力学和贝类能量学研究提供科学依据。研究结果表明,在实验温度(13~33℃)范围内,企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率(OR)和排氨率(NR)与体重(W)都呈负相关,可分别表示为Y1=a1W-b1和Y2=a2W-b2,其中,a1的取值范围是1.330~4.128,b1的取值范围是0.453~0.651,a2的取值范围是0.150~0.354,b2的取值范围是0.446~0.634。在实验室温度(13~33℃)条件下,企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率为0.329~7.303 mg/(g·h),排氨率为0.035~0.489 mg/(g·h),其中耗氧率在28℃时达到最高值,33℃时开始下降,而排氨率则呈持续升高趋势。企鹅珍珠贝呼吸和排泄Q10值范围分别为0.210~2.494和1.193~2.483。在23~28℃温度范围内,不同规格企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率的比值(原子数O/N)较高。方差分析表明,体重、温度及二者的交互作用对企鹅珍珠贝的耗氧率和排氨率均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。企鹅珍珠贝的日常代谢明显高于标准代谢,耗氧率和排氨率平均值分别提高32.1%和76.7%。 相似文献
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台湾海峡南部灯光围网捕捞的水温选择及其季节变化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对1989-1998年台湾海峡南部渔场生产记录资料分析结果表明:灯光围网捕捞主要捕捞年适宜水温16.1-30℃,年较佳水温20.1-30℃,年最佳选择水温21.2-29℃。环境水温过高或过低,不利于灯光围网生产。各季度的选择水温,冬季为21.2-24℃,春季为21.1-27℃,夏季为26.1-29℃,秋季为25.1-28℃;各月选择水温为该月环境水温的中间值至偏高2℃,多数比中间值偏高1-2℃。选择水温范围的宽幅3-5℃;随环境水温升高或降低,鱼类对水温选择发生同的、同步的变化,是一种渐进的过程;在环境水温上升或持续高温,温跃层存在、底层低温涌升水强盛的条件下,灯光围网的作业效率均受影响。 相似文献
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In the Maidao Ecological Laboratory of the Huanghai Sea Fisheries Research Institute in 1998 ~ 2000, the continuous flow-through method was adopted to determine the energy budget components and models of Schlegel' s black rockfish under different ecological and environmental factors, such as temperature, food species, body mass and feeding level, etc. The body mass of test fish ranged from 21.2 to 224.5 g. The specific growth rate tended to invert "U" change with temperature increase. The ecological conversion efficiency showed the same trend as temperature and feeding level rise. Only the specific growth rate tended to decelerate the increment with the rise of feeding level. From the above quantitative relationships, the maximum and optimal growth temper- atures could be obtained as 17.5 and 16.2 ℃, and the maintenance feeding rate and optimum feeding rate as 0.8% and 4. 1% of the body mass. The specific growth rate and ecological conversion coefficient showed a decelerating decrease trend with body mass increment. The small-sized fish food was more advantageous to the feeding level increase in comparison with the small-sized shrimp food, which led to the increase of growth, metabolism and excretion, but had no significant influence on the ecological conversion coefficient. All of temperature, feeding level, body mass and food species can obviously change the energy budget models. The assigning rate of growth energy tended to change along the invert "U" curve with the increase of temperature and feeding level, and decrease with the body mass increase, but the assigning rates of metabolism energy and excretion energy were quite reverse. These relationships could be quantitatively described as quadratic or power function curve. If the above relationships proved true to other marine fish, the establishment of energy budget model of the same fish under different conditions can be largely simplified. 相似文献
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尝试利用放射性同位素14C示踪方法测定浮游植物不同类群的光合速率和生长速率,并通过实验室和现场海域的培养实验来初步评估该技术的可行性.通过高效液相色谱法分离光合色素,手动收集并测定各对应光合色素峰的放射性活度,依据Redalje-Laws法并结合类胡萝卜素标记法计算出各大类群浮游植物的光合速率和生长速率.实验结果表明,在实验室纯种培养的4株藻光合速率范围为347.73~678.98 mg/(dm3.d),最高的为绿藻的小球藻,最低的为定鞭金藻的球石藻.其生长速率范围为0.12~0.24 d-1,最高的为球石藻,最低的为小球藻.在现场海域各类群的光合速率相对较低,变化范围为0.63~68.78 mg/(dm3.d),生长速率在0.07~1.68 d-1之间.本研究首次在我国海域通过现场原位测定得到不同类群浮游植物的光合速率和生长速率.但在测定过程中存在的样品含量和放射活度较低等问题还有待于进一步解决. 相似文献
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实验室条件下测定花鲈 ( L ateolabrax japonicus C & V)的代谢率 ,温度为 ( 2 5.2± 0 .5)℃ ,鱼体湿重范围 :4 .64~ 52 .2 8g(平均体重 17.81g± 0 .33g)。饥饿鱼的正常代谢相关于体重的关系式 :Rr=15.37W0 .74 4。( r=0 .934 )。摄食代谢与摄食量呈线性正相关关系 ,摄食代谢水平为正常代谢的 1.8~ 2 .4倍。 相似文献