衡山岩体西缘韧性剪切带磁性组构研究

本文对采自衡山花岗岩体西缘韧性剪切带的标本进行了岩石磁性组构研究,并将其与常规应变分析方法所得结果予以比较,表明了岩石磁化率各向异性椭球体与应变椭球体之间有一定的对应关系,岩石磁化率各向异性技术可望成为构造地质学的一种新手段。岩石磁性组构资料可应用于变形岩石的应变分析,特别是在没有宏观应变标志或者通常的岩石组构分析方法太费时间的情况下更显出其优越性。     

岩石的磁性组构及其在岩石变形分析中的应用

文本总结了对采自巴彦乌拉山韧性剪切带的部分标本进行岩石组构数据测定的分析结果,并将其与用常规应变分析方法所得结果予以比较,表明了岩石磁化率各向异性椭球体能够反映总的应变椭球体,证明岩石磁化率各向异性技术做为一种岩石组构因素的研究是有发展前景的。岩石磁性组构资料可应用于变形岩石的应变分析,特别是在通常的岩石组构分析技术太费时间和粗糙的情况下更显示了其优越性。     

皖南地区汤口断裂带磁组构特征及地质意义

断裂带的区域构造应力特征是研究其活动性的重要依据。在应变指示较少的地区,磁组构是研究区域构造应力的有效手段。在安徽1∶5万后山幅区域地质调查的基础上,对汤口断裂带进行系统的岩石磁组构特征研究。结果表明:该断裂带沉积地层的磁性矿物以磁铁矿为主,岩石磁化率椭球体以"扁球形"为主,显示其在原生沉积组构的基础上叠加了弱变形组构。磁化率椭球体的最大轴Kmax沿NEE-SWW向、最小轴Kmin沿NNWSEE向,反映汤口断裂带晚期受NNW-SEE向的挤压应力,兼较弱的NEE-SWW向拉张应力作用,说明喜山期汤口断裂带为近EW向正断拉张,兼具左行平移,时限为中新世—早更新世。     

岩石磁组构在断裂变形性状与期次研究中的应用——以广西博白-合浦断裂为例

岩石磁化率椭球体的三个轴与应变椭球体的三个轴方向相平行,并具有一定的共构关系.变形岩石的磁组构参数P、T、F、L以及磁化率椭球体主张量方向等可以用来定量地表征岩石变形的性状及期次.本文通过实测和计算27个样品的磁组构参数,研究了博白-合浦断裂带的变形性状与期次,结果表明:博白-合浦断裂带大致经历了三期构造变形作用,不同时期具不同性质的构造变形.变形性状分别表现为韧性、韧-脆性及脆性变形,应变行为分别表现为平面、非平面和线性应变.     

白银厂矿区劈理成因的磁组构分析

将磁性组构方法用于甘肃白银厂矿区的构造分析.结果表明该区岩石的磁性组构与岩石组构具有同一分布规律.岩石的磁线理与岩石的拉长线理L~a近于一致,磁面理与第一期劈理S_1基本平行,并垂直于岩石的磁化率椭球的最小主轴,也垂直于应变椭球的最短主轴方位,故推断第一期劈理S_1的成因主要属压扁成因.同时受到后期的多次变形与褶皱迭加影响.S_1轴面的优选面状分布发生变位不大,表明该区多次构造变形主要来自早期的同一主应力场作用所致.矿区岩石的磁面理与应变椭球拉长轴面或第一期劈理面S_1存在某些的角度差,表明该区岩石的劈理面由于受后期多次构造变形影响,可能发生剪切运动或旋转机制.     

对磁组构在岩石变形分析应用中若干问题的思考

在应用传统的磁组构方法进行岩石构造变形分析时,发现这些方法中有许多不完善之处,如变形岩石磁化率量值椭球和应变椭球是否可以对应及对应条件,初始磁组构是否会影响变形碉石磁化率量值椭球与应变椭球的对应关系,岩石脆性破裂前的塑性变形是否影响磁组构,韧性变形如何影响磁组构,能否用磁组构来推断主应力方向,Ｒａｔｏｒｅ（１９８０）最小磁化率指向对韧性剪切带运动方向和方式的分析在多期变形区是否适用等,并据此提出解     

江南断裂带印支期以来构造演化及晚新生代活动特征 ——来自磁组构的记录

作为研究区域断裂构造的新兴手段,磁组构在应变指示计较少的弱应变地区应用广泛.本文在详细调查江南断裂带(泾县段)露头构造特征的基础上,对该断裂带的岩石磁组构特征开展了系统研究,发现样品中磁化率椭球体最大轴Kmax为259°∠8°和102°∠12°、最小轴Kmin为358°∠48°和193°∠5°,反映江南断裂带主要受近南...     

花岗岩的应变分析和定位机制

本文介绍了利用变形椭球体理论,对花岗岩组构(叶理、线理)进行应变分析的方法。花岗岩的变质组构(塑性变形)包括:布丁(石香肠)、压力影、多米诺骨牌剪切构造及C—S 组构。花岗岩的定位机制有以下两种:1)主动(强力)定位,如底辟作用和热轻气球膨胀作用;2)被动定位,如火山口沉陷及顶蚀。通过对花岗岩组构的应变测量和计算,将获得有关岩桨岩形成和演化机制、变形特征及区域构造环境的详细情况。     

西昆仑山前晚新生代沉积岩磁组构及构造意义

西昆仑山前晚新生代沉积岩磁组构特征表明，沉积岩原生磁组构受后期构造活动改变。磁组构测试结果表明晚新生代沉积岩生较明显变形，岩石磁化率椭球体指示磁面理较发育，反映岩石受压扁型变形为主。磁化率椭球体最小轴方向为NW，指示该区最大主压应力为NW，与区域构造分析结果相一致。     

西藏南部聂拉木地区前寒武纪岩石磁组构及其构造意义

通过对西藏南部聂拉木地区前寒武纪岩石磁组构进行研究表明:该区岩石磁化率百分率的各向异性H值较高,均大于10%,这说明岩石曾经历了较强烈的韧性变形。根据岩石最小磁化率从主轴K3方向推断的岩石变形期,最大的主压应力方位主要有SN向、NE-SW向、NW-SE向。岩石磁组构费林(Flinn)图解表明,大部分岩石磁组构具有磁面理发育、磁线理不发育,岩石磁化率量值椭球体呈压扁状的特点。部分岩石磁组构还具有磁线理发育、磁面理不发育,岩石磁化率量值椭球体呈拉长形的特点。因此,该区域构造应变型式具有压缩应变和拉伸应变二种型式。岩石磁组构研究还表明,该区具有SN向挤压、NW-SE向挤压、NW-SE向伸展滑脱三期构造应力。这说明高喜马拉雅结晶基底岩石曾经历了SN向逆冲推覆构造作用,NW-SE向逆冲推覆构造作用和NW-SE向伸展滑脱构造作用过程。构造应力场的转变及其构造作用,为印度板块与欧亚板块之间,自白垩纪末~始新世晚期发生的弧~陆、陆~陆碰撞,和始新世晚期以来,强烈的陆内汇聚造山与青藏高原剧烈隆升,及区域伸展滑脱构造作用过程的响应。     

The magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of deformed rocks from North Cornwall,England

The magnetic fabric of 306 samples from 51 sites was determined by means of a new, low-field anisotropy technique. The within-site consistency of the magnetic-fabric data was extremely high and was comparable with more tedious standard petrofabric analyses, where available, and with the structural properties of previously defined tectonic zones in North Cornwall. These data confirm the applicability of magnetic-fabric studies to structural problems, particularly in determining the orientation of the strain in the rocks. In areas of low strain, the technique appears applicable where standard petrofabric techniques are too coarse or time-consuming and indicates that direct estimates of both the magnitude and direction of the net strain ellipsoid should be possible in less deformed areas. Magnetic fabric studies therefore confirm the tectonic zonation in this region and provide a rapid method for similar structural evaluations.     

Magnetic fabric and modeled strain distribution in the head of a nested granite diapir,the Melechov pluton,Bohemian Massif

The Melechov pluton, Bohemian Massif, is interpreted as a mid-crustal nested granitic diapir with an apical part exposed at the present-day erosion level. The diapir head exhibits a concentric structure defined by lithologic zoning and by the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). In concert with theoretical models, outward-dipping margin-parallel magnetic foliations are associated with oblate shapes of the susceptibility ellipsoids and higher degree of anisotropy, passing inward into weaker triaxial to prolate fabric. By contrast, magnetic fabric in an inner granite unit is in places oriented at a high angle to internal contacts and is interpreted as recording an internal diapir circulation. We use inverse modeling to calculate strain variations across the diapir from the AMS data. The magnetic fabric parameters and calculated strains are in agreement with strain distribution in heads of model Newtonian diapirs traveling a distance of two body radii and suggest granitic magma ascent as a crystal-poor suspension followed by crystallization of fabric markers and their response to strain near the final emplacement level. The intrusive fabric thus formed late but, though generally weak, was still capable of recording incremental strain gradient in the granite diapir.     

Rock texture and magnetic lineation in dykes: a simple analytical model

We develop two simple models for simulating the combination of magnetic sub-fabrics related to magma flow in dykes. The basic assumptions are (i) the petrofabric is representative of the flow fabric, and (ii) the petrofabric is composed of S/C-type structures related to flow. The first model consists of summing the magnetic tensors of two identical sub-fabrics, differing solely by their relative rotation. This model accounts for the possible change of the macroscopic magnetic lineation from a flow-related fabric to a lineation situated at the geometric intersection between the two sub-fabrics. Such a result is obtained in the case of oblate to highly oblate sub-fabric ellipsoids. The second model integrates the effect of very oblate grains of variable orientations into calculating the shape controlled magnetic tensor of each sub-fabric, and emphasizes the possible under-estimation of fabric superposition due to microscopic disordering. The magma fluxes along the East Greenland volcanic margin are illustrated by the flow pattern within the major dyke swarm. The magmatic flow vectors inferred from the imbrication of magnetic foliation at the dyke margins are primarily horizontal. The classic use of magnetic lineation can lead to contradictory results, giving flow vectors perpendicular to the flow directions. The magnetic lineation is situated close to the zone axis of magnetic foliation planes over a wide range of scales throughout the dyke swarm, suggesting that the contradiction may arise from the association of several textural domains at the sample scale. Forward modelling of macroscopic magnetic fabrics using the first model yields good agreement with the measured magnetic fabric of the East Greenland dykes. Our results, which are applicable to strained sedimentary rocks, highlight the possible misuse of the magnetic lineation due to combination of magnetic textures. The exchange between a microscopic lineation, i.e. mineralogical lineation, and a macroscopic lineation, i.e. intersection lineation, is particularly expected for dykes that generally bear oblate magnetic textures.     

Asymmetrical magnetic fabrics in the Egersund doleritic dike swarm (SW Norway) reveal sinistral oblique rifting before the opening of the Iapetus

The 616 ± 3 Ma (Ediacaran) Egersund doleritic dike swarm cuts across the Rogaland anorthosite province and its granulitic country rocks, in SW Norway. The structure of eight out of eleven main dikes of the swarm was investigated using the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) technique. Thermomagnetic data and values of the bulk magnetic susceptibility reveal a magnetic mineralogy dominated by Ti-poor titanomagnetite. Magnetic fabric and global petrofabric are coaxial, except in sites strongly affected by hydrothermal alteration, as demonstrated through image analysis. Asymmetrical dispositions of the magnetic foliation and lineation support the existence of a syn-emplacement, sinistral strike-slip shearing resolved on dike walls. Such asymmetrical fabrics are attributed to a transtension tectonic regime, in a context of oblique extension during the continental rifting phase which preceded the opening of the Iapetus Ocean along the SW margin (present-day orientation) of Baltica.     

Regional scale strain variations in Banded Iron Formations of Eastern India: results from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility studies

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data are used as a tool to determine strain variations in different parts of the Banded Iron Formations (BIFs) of the Bonai Synclinorium, eastern India. AMS data of 88 cylindrical cores drilled from 29 samples collected from the limb and hinge parts of mesoscopic scale folds as well as different parts of the entire synclinorium are presented. It is found that the samples from limbs of small-scale folds and also from limbs of the regional scale synclinorium have higher degrees of anisotropy than the hinges. This is inferred to indicate that the limbs accommodated higher strain than the hinges. AMS orientation data are analysed in conjunction with field data. It is concluded that the magnetic fabric developed in the limbs as well as hinges of the BIFs of the study area is related to deformation and is not a manifestation of sedimentary fabric.     

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility as an indicator for palaeocurrent analysis in folded turbidites (Outer Western Carpathians,Poland)

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is a well-known geological proxy in revealing the directional tectonic and sedimentological features of rocks, although it can be ambiguous in situations where these two factors co-occur. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility in determining palaeotransport directions in turbiditic rocks that underwent subsequent thrusting and folding. This study demonstrates that the magnetic lineation is largely unsuitable as a palaeocurrent direction proxy, and suggests that the imbrication of magnetic foliation is better in such cases. Moreover, the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility results were analyzed in reference to a joint and fold study within the framework of the regional structural geology. Magnetic fabric investigations were conducted in the eastern part of the Outer Western Carpathians (south-east Poland). During the study, a total of 191 oriented palaeomagnetic samples were collected from three outcrops (Nasiczne, Dwernik and Hoczew) in the Krosno Beds, Silesian Unit. For the purpose of sedimentological analysis, 121 m of turbidite successions were documented and 126 directional sedimentary structures were measured. The magnetic anisotropy of sandstones revealed typical sedimentary fabrics, often overprinted by variably intense tectonic deformation. Oblate susceptibility ellipsoids from Nasiczne showed tilt coherent with the palaeoflow direction, whereas the rocks from Dwernik and Hoczew contained triaxial magnetic fabric developed during compressional palaeostress. This paper suggests that medium-grained and coarse-grained sandstones, preferably with high mica content, are the most suitable for palaeotransport reconstructions among the studied lithologies.     

Application of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy technique to the study of geological structures in the Armorican massif, France

Magnetic susceptibility anisotropy analyses have been carried out on 300 samples of rock from various metamorphosed regions of Normandy and Brittany, within the northern half of the Armorican massif, to test the ability of the magnetic fabric method (in a relatively complex region where structures have been well charted) to delineate regional structures. The two major structural directions to emerge from the study were a ENE—WSW striking magnetic foliation plane, conforming to a Variscan direction of the Bocaine syncline in the Granville region of Normandy and a ESE—WNW striking magnetic foliation plane conforming to the Armorican direction in the Chateaulin syncline region of Brittany. The magnetic fabric of sites elsewhere confirmed localised structures and minor synclinal structures.

The major advantages of the technique of studying magnetic fabric over petrofabric are the speed at which magnetic fabric can be measured (2 minutes per sample compared with up to 24 h using X-ray goniometry techniques) and the sensitivity of the magnetic fabric to very slight stresses.