ORBIT OF THE BOWHEAD WHALE, BAIAENA MYSTICETUS

INTRODUCTIONThehoweadwhales(Bahaamyticeus)areveryiInPOrtantsPeciesinthetraditionandctiltmeoftheEskimoPeoPle,whohuntthemeveryyear,andhaveagredtoallowsomesPecimenstobecollectedfromharVested(forsubsistence)boweadwhalesforscien-tificresearehpUrpOses.StudiesontheothitofthebOweadwhalearefewandfarbetWeen.unanisANDMrmODTheorbitsofttheboweadwhaleskulls(87B6,9oB11,94B12)keptinNorthSlopeBorough,Barrow,Alaska,U.S.A.lwereobservedinsitu.asSULrsTheorbitisacavitywhichenclosestheeyeball,witht…     

Equation on spatial variation of shallow water waves amplitude

Boussinesq’s theory was used in this study on water waves entering shallow water showing that the spacial variation of the wave amplitude is nonlinear, and is governed by the Duffing equation usually applied to describe nonlinear oscillation in nature. Contribution No. 3324 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 49471276 supported by NSFC and the Ninth-Five-Year Key Project (KI952-s1-420) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS NEROCILA （ISOPODA： CYMOTHOIDAE） FROM THE EAST CHINA SEA

A new species of cymothoid Isopeda, Nerocila donghaiensis, collected from the body of a sciaenid fish, Johnius sp., is described in the present paper. The new species can be distinguished from the other species of genus Nerocila by its endoped of uropods with deep notch, sharply serrated on the lateral margin and strongly serrated on the medial margin; antennule with 1 st article swollen; dactyli of pereopods Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ swollen.     

Electrochemical measurement of steel corrosion in seabottom sediment with “MD” method

The through one year corrosion potential and polarization resistance for 3 kinds of steels in seabottom sediment of Liaodong Bay were measured with the “MD” method. The measurements will have some theoretical and practical values. The theoretical value lies in that the recorded changing process of the practical corrosion case can be basis for indoor discussion and electrochemical research on the corrosion process. The practical value lies in that the obtained data can be basis for designing and controlling electrochemical protection systems. In fact, it is very difficult to measure in situ the corrosion parameters of steels in sea sediment. Contribution No. 2611 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This study is a major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

REPORT ON PONTONIINE SHRIMPS（CRUSTACEA：DECAPODA）COLLECTED BY JOINT CHINESE—GERMAN MARINE BIOLOGY EXPEDITIONS TO HAINAN ISLAND,SOUTH CHINA SEA i.ANCHISTUS,CONCHODYTES,CORALLIOCARIS

The present paper reports 7 species of pontoniine shrimps collected from Hainan Island,South China Sea,by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions,in which,Conchodytes nipponensis(De Haan,1844)and Coralliocaris brevirostris Borradaile,1898 are new records from Chinese waters.     

Report on Pontoniinae shrimps （Crustacea：Decapoda）collected by Joint Chinese—German Marine Biology Expeditions to Hainan lsland ,South China Sea：Ⅱ.Harpiliopsis,Ischnopontonia,Jocaste,Palae—mone

The present paper reports 9 species of pontoniine shrimps collected from Hainan IS-land ,South China Sea ,by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions,in which Peri-climenaeus arabicus (Calman,1939) and Periclimenaeus hecate (Nobili,1904) are recorded for the first time from Hainan Island.     

Report of Pontoniinae Shrimps （Crustacea： Decapoda） Collected by Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions to Hainan Island, South China Sea. Ⅲ. PericHmenes

The present paper reports 12 species of genus Periclimenes, subfamily Pontoniinae, collected from Hainan Island, South China Sea, by the Joint Chinese-German Marine Biology Expeditions, in which, Periclimenes consobrinus and P. tenuipes are new records from Chinese waters, and Periclimenes amymone, P. holthuisi, P. soror, and P. toloensis are recorded for the first time from Hainan Island.     

Mass balance sensitivity to climate change: A case study of glacier No. 1 at urumqi riverhead, Tianshan Mountains, China

Ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌｓｕｒｆａｃｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｗｉｌｒｉｓｅａｔａｒａｔｅｏｆ０．３℃ｐｅｒ１０ａｉｎｔｈｅｎｅｘｔｓｅｖｅｒａｌｄｅｃａｄｅｓ（Ｈｏｕｇｈｔｏｎｅｔａｌ．,１９９０,１９９２;Ｓｈｉ,１９９５;...     

A GIS-based Tupu Analysis of Dynamics of Saline-alkali Land in Western Jilin Province

Based on Tupu theory, this paper studied the dynamic changes, conversion modes, expansion intensity and landscape attributes of the saline-alkali lands in Changling County, Zhenlai County and Da'an City of the western Jilin Province in 1980-2000 with the help of GIS. The results show that the saline-alkali land rather sharply increased in Da'an during 1995-2000; the main conversion processes in the three counties were from grassland to saline-alkali land and from saline-alkali land to grassland; and the typical shapes, spatial expansion speed and mode, and landscape attributes of the saline-alkali land were different in the three counties, which were closely related to local topography, predominant wind orientation, water resources distribution, etc. The corresponding spatial expansion mode was marginality in Changling, random in Zhenlai and more kernels in Da'an, respectively. Landscape attributes also responded to the spatial-temporal dynamic changes of the saline-alkali land and the landscape indices of Da'an fluctuated greatly. The frame of this research may provide fundamental reference for landscape analysis and give some suggestions for regional sustainable development.     

Warming trend in northern East China Sea in recent four decades

Global warming has become a notable trend especially since an abrupt climate change in 1976. Response of the East China Sea (ECS) to the global warming trend, however, is not well understood because of sparse long-term observation. In this paper, hydrographic observation data of 1957–1996 are collected and reviewed to study climatological variability in northern ECS. Significant warming trends are found in both summer and winter. In summer, the average SST is about 0.46°C higher during the period of 1977-19...     

Variability of thermohaline structure at 4°S, 156°E during TOGA COARE IOP

The thermohaline structure at 4°S, 156°E was analyzed based on CTD data acquired during the TOGA COARE Intensive Observing Period (IOP) from November, 1992 to February, 1993. The ocean responses during two Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) events were preliminarily studied based on meteorological field observation. The main water masses at the observation point were Tropical Surface Water, Southern Subtropical Lower Water and Southern Intermediate Water from surface downward. There was good correlation of sea surface temperature with the wind field, and of the surface salinity with wind speed and rainfalls. Both of the two surface variables were also modulated by upwelling caused by westerly winds at the observation point. The isohaline layer was not always shallower than the isothemal layer in this observation and could be considered as the lower limit of the diurnal variation of the isothernal layers in most cases. The existence of large variations of the maximum salinity core is suggested to be related to the meridional motion in that depth. Contribution No. 2264 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This project was supported by NSFC (No. 49176255).     

ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF THE SEA SURFACE MICROLAYER NEAR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND MARINE FISH CULTURE ZONES IN DAYA BAY

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｓｅａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｍｉｃｒｏｌａｙｅｒ (ＳＭ)ｗｉｔｈｓｐｅｃｉａｌｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌ,ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌａｎｄｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ,ｈａｄｂｅｅｎｗｅｌｌｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｓａｓｉｔｅｏｆｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｄｉｓｓｏｌｖｅｄａｎｄｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｔｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃｍａｔ ｔｅｒｉｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇｐｈｙｔｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎａｎｄｂａｃｔｅｒｉａ (Ｈａｒｄｙ,1 982 ) .Ｔｈｉｓｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｈａｓｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐｏｒ…     

Tetraploid induction by inhibiting mitosis I in scallopChlamys farreri

Tetraploid induction was carried out by inhibiting mitosis I in fertilized eggs ofChlamys farreri. Mitosis I was blocked with cold shock (5–7°C), Cytochalasin B (0.75 mg/L) and 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP) (60–75 mg/L) when 60% fertilized eggs released polar body II at 20°C. At 4-cells embryo stage, the ploidy was determined by counting chromosome number. In control groups, most embryos were diploids (72.22%) and aneuploids (24.78%). In Cytochalasin B, cold shock and 6-DMAP treated groups, tetraploids were respectively 10.51%, 4.08%, and 13.34%; aneuploids were 43.10%, 35.93% and 29.16%, and triploids were 7.84%, 8.52% and 18.33%. At D-larva stage, ploidy was determined by flow cytometry (FCM). The ploidy analysis of day 2 larvae showed diploids in control group and also in three treated groups. Juvenile scallops (0.2–0.3cm) which were harvested in two control groups and two CB treated groups were all diploids through checking ploidy individually by FCM. Contribution No. 3648 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Contribution No. 238 from the Experimental Marine Biology Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project funded by grant (No. 819-01-07) from the Chinese Science and Technology Ministry and also by “Hundred Talents Plan” grant from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Chromosome behavior of heat shock induced triploid in Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Triploidy was induced in Chinese shrimpFenneropenaeus chinensis by 30±0.5°C heat shock treatment (initiated at 20 min after fertilization) for 10 min to inhibit the release of PB2 at 18.0°C. The highest triploid rate obtained was 84.5% in nauplius stage. The effect of heat shock treatment on meiosis and cleavage of eggs was investigated in this work aimed to establish efficient procedures for triploid induction and to gain understanding of the mechanism of triploid production. Three pronuclei that could be observed in the treated eggs under fluorescence microscope developed into triploid embryos. Some abnormal chromosome behavior was observed in heat shocked eggs. Contribution No. 4407 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work was supported by Project under Major State Basic Development Program (G1999012009) and Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX 2-211)     

A new radiolarian species Clathrocorys gracilis from northern South China Sea

A new species,Clathrocorys gracilis nov. spec. of Tripocyrtidae (Radiolarians: Nassellaria) from surface water in northern South China Sea, is described in this paper. The new species has four radial beams arising from the cephalic base centre, each foot with cup-shaped structure and ramified bar in the proximal section (near cephalic base), and each wing with a large mesh in the middle, a medium mesh and a small mesh on each side respectively. Project supported by the NSFC (No. 40276044) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KSCX2-SW-101B).     

Electrochemical behavior of Al—basic sacrificial anode at estuary

The Al—basic sacrificial anode is widely used to protect steel construction from corrosion in seawater, but is not suitable for protecting steel in freshwater. In the estuary area, seawater and freshwater mix and different seawater salinity can be formed in different mixing sites between freshwater and seawater. Based on the requirements of the Shengli Petroleum Administrative Bureau of China, the effect of seawater salinity on electrochemical properties of Al—basic anode was studied under laboratory conditions by the method given in National Standard GB 4948-85 (China Starndard Bureau, 1985). No obvious effect was found when seawater salinity was 30 to 10, but obvious effect on anodic open circuit potential, closed circuit potential and current efficiency was found when seawater salinity was 5. These values are lower than those given in the National Standard. Contribution No. 2681 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This study is a major project (Ky85-11-5) and a key project (A14920416) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and also received support from the Shengli Oil Field.     

A new pomfret species,Pampus minor sp. nov. (Stromateidae) from Chinese waters

Thirty-two 63.0–134.4 mm standard length specimens collected during 1954–1990 from the coastal waters of the South China Sea and the continental coast of the Taiwan Strait were identified as a new species,Pampus minor Liuet Li, sp. nov. Contribution No. 3329 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Study supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Special Grant for Biota Research.     

Use of rapd for detecting and identifyingPorphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was applied to assess the genetic variations and phylogenetic relationships in 4 species ofPorphyra. The samples were collected from the coast of Canada, Vietnam, Zhoushan, Fujian and Qingdao in China. Amplifications with 20 primers were carried out under predetermined optimal reaction conditions (samples were first heated at 94°C for 5 min. and followed by 45 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 1 min at 36°C, and 2 min at 72°C, then held at 72°C for 10 min). The amplified products were scored as present (1) or absent (0) for each DNA sample and an index of genetic similarity (F) was calculated by using Nei & Li’s matching coefficient method (1979). The value of (1−F) was used to quantify the genetic distances between species and construct a phylogenetic tree. The relationship indicated by the UPGMA and NJ cluster analysis on the values of the genetic distance is in good overall agreement with classical taxonomy. The obvious differences between natural and cultivated population ofP. haitanensi suggest that variation or hybridization with other species occurred during the culture. Contribution No. 100 from the Experimental Marine Biology Laboratory, IOCAS. Contribution No. 3289 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The research supported by the Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

A combined model of wind, wave, tide and storm surges

A combined numerical model of wind, wave, tide, and storm surges was built on the basis of the “wind field model in limited sea surface areas”. When used to forecast the sea surface wind, wave height and water level, it can describe them very well. Contribution No. 4108 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This work supported by Stress Project (KZ952-S1-420), Chinese Academy of Sciences; 863 Project (863-818-06-05), and (863-818-Q-07)