柴达木盆地鱼卡地区中侏罗统石门沟组砂岩碎屑组分特征及其物源构造环境分析

利用砂岩碎屑骨架成分统计和碎屑颗粒结构特征分析,研究柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡地区中侏罗统石门沟组碎屑岩的源岩类型及其构造环境。石门沟组砂岩成分成熟度中等、结构成熟度较低,具有近源物源的特点。砂岩碎屑骨架成分统计结果表明石门沟组的物源区构造背景属于再旋回造山带。结合柴达木盆地北缘中侏罗统古地理特征,确认鱼卡地区石门沟组物源区为祁连山造山带。砂岩碎屑组分可能来自于南祁连山上石炭世宗务隆山群火山岩和达肯达坂山群变质岩。     

酒西盆地中新生代碎屑组分特征及指示意义

通过岩石碎屑成分分析,研究酒西盆地砂砾岩储集层沉积碎屑成分特征对物源属性、盆-山格局演化及油气成藏特征的指示意义。研究表明,酒西盆地下白垩统下沟组砂岩成分成熟度低,物源构造属性以再旋回造山带和部分岩浆弧为特征,物源岩石类型主要为中酸性岩浆岩和变质岩(沉积岩碎屑极少),岩石成分及其组合显示盆地东、西部的物源差异明显;古近系白杨河组在岩石成分、岩屑组成上与下白垩统下沟组砂岩有较大不同,显示物源属性的明显改变。物源属性的改变在一定程度上反映构造格局分异、盆-山格局的演变历程,控制了酒西盆地内油气富集和晚期成藏特征。碎屑成分特征在一定程度上决定了储集层的储集空间类型及裂缝发育规律,值得进一步深入研究。     

合肥盆地南部侏罗系砂岩碎屑组分及其物源构造属性

根据侏罗系砂岩碎屑的岩矿组成及主元素地球化学分析, 认为合肥盆地南部侏罗系物源主要来自大别造山带, 具有明显的陆壳岛弧混杂属性。主要物源类型经历了下—中侏罗统的 “再旋回造山带”类型向上侏罗统 “弧造山带”类型的复杂演变, 期间中侏罗世特别是相当于凤凰台组时期由于强烈的剥离作用, 大别造山带切割的 （ｄｉｓｓｅｃｔｅｄ） 岩浆弧物源已有所暴露。据古地理恢复, 推断侏罗纪合肥盆地南部沉积演化曾受控于挤压动力体制, 极可能与扬子板块进一步陆内俯冲作用有关     

宁芜盆地中三叠统黄马青组是大别造山带最早剥露的记录

由于后造山期的构造运动改造和巨量剥蚀,大别造山带的初始剥露时间,即开始为周缘盆地提供物源的时间缺乏精确限定。文章对下扬子宁芜盆地中三叠统黄马青组三角洲相陆源碎屑岩进行野外调查,并开展了沉积岩石学和物源分析。结果显示,黄马青组以岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑石英砂岩为主,石英含量76%~84%,岩屑含量10%~14%,长石含量6%~11%。岩屑以富含石英的变质岩或变泥质岩岩屑为主,指示变质岩的特殊物源的存在;黄马青组砂岩碎屑锆石年龄主要分布在350~250 Ma、420~400 Ma、900~700 Ma、2000~1600 Ma、2500~2100 Ma等区间,反映了华南板块北缘、华北板块南缘的混合信号,其物源供应主要来自大别造山带南部的宿松杂岩带、华北板块南缘基底及沉积盖层物质;通过与大别造山带周缘中生代沉积记录进行对比,发现在中—晚三叠世各盆地具有物源相似性,认为大别造山带低级变质带的早期折返导致了造山带的初始抬升和剥露,宁芜盆地中三叠统黄马青组至少一部分沉积物来自造山带早期抬升与剥蚀。     

川东北旺苍地区三叠-侏罗系岩石特征与物源分析

通过对研究区岩石薄片的镜下观察和主要颗粒成分的统计,结合长石岩屑比值变化规律发现三叠-侏罗系砂岩成分成熟度普遍偏低,其中下中侏罗统相对较高.借助Dickinson和Suczek等提出的砂岩碎屑模型将研究区物源分为再循环造山带和混合物源区两种类型.晚三叠世和晚侏罗世的物源区是龙门山隆起,属于再循环造山带型;早中侏罗世的物...     

准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系碎屑成分特征及其对构造属性、盆山格局的指示意义

砂岩碎屑成分分析是进行沉积物源岩石类型、构造属性和盆山演化分析的重要途径。准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系物源构造属性以“再旋回造山带”、“弧造山带”和部分“岩浆弧”物源为特征,物源岩石类型主要为中酸性岩浆岩、变质岩和沉积岩,岩石成分、重矿物含量及其组合显示东、西剖面在物源上存在一定差异。天山内部侏罗系物源构造属性以“再旋回造山带”、“混合造山带”为主,物源岩石类型主要为中酸性岩浆岩和变质岩,但各剖面的岩石成分、重矿物组合特征及相对含量差异较大。综合天山内部与准噶尔盆地南缘野外剖面沉积特征、岩屑成分及钻井岩心分析表明,天山地区早、中侏罗世盆山格局以盆地沉积范围大、天山正地形较小为特征,不存在地理分割明显的天山山脉,侏罗纪盆地南缘至少存在三个物源体系(西准噶尔山、克拉麦里山和(古)天山);晚侏罗世一早白垩世早期,岩石成分成熟度偏低,砾岩等粗碎屑沉积明显增多,同时不稳定重矿物及其组合稍有增加可能与晚侏罗世天山构造格局分异、构造活动相对活跃有关,天山山脉明显隆升并造就天山南北沉积环境的巨大差异。     

扬子西南缘晚三叠世-早侏罗世盆山格局演化过程：来自楚雄盆地碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学的证据

印支期扬子西南缘沉积盆地大地构造性质及盆山格局演化过程长期存在较大分歧.对楚雄盆地西侧祥云剖面上三叠统-下侏罗统砂岩样品进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年和碎屑物源分析.结果显示,上三叠统云南驿组和罗家大山组碎屑物源主要来自上扬子地区的中-下三叠统和二叠系,而上三叠统白土田组和下侏罗统冯家河组碎屑物源主要来自松潘-甘孜地体和康滇古陆.结合沉积环境演变和区域地质背景,认为在晚三叠世早期,区域内造山作用相对较弱,楚雄盆地碎屑物源供给不足,为欠补偿盆地;晚三叠世晚期-早侏罗世,虽然楚雄盆地的构造演化受哀牢山造山带逆冲推覆作用的控制,但是楚雄盆地的沉积充填过程主要受控于快速崛起的松潘-甘孜造山带.     

江汉盆地东部早中生代沉积地层碎屑云母成分:对大别高压-超高压岩石暴露作用的约束

碎屑白云母是碎屑岩中常见的、来自源区的稳定成分,可以用来指示源区性质,多硅白云母是碰撞造山高压-超高压变质岩石的特征矿物。对大别造山带同造山期沉积而成的江汉盆地东部上三叠统-中侏罗统砂岩碎屑白云母化学成分研究表明:上三叠统该区地层砂岩中碎屑白云母多以低硅白云母(Si<3.2)为特征,暗示此时大别造山带高压-超高压岩石很可能没有出露地表;自下侏罗统开始,砂岩中碎屑白云母中多硅白云母(Si>3.3)大量出现,中侏罗统砂岩多硅和低硅白云母发育,表明大别高压-超高压岩石在早侏罗世即已出露地表并经剥蚀搬运至盆地。这一结果从沉积学角度为约束高压-超高压岩石的折返时序和大别造山带演化提供了新的资料。     

北黄海盆地东部坳陷侏罗纪西南物源-沉积体系与源区构造背景

物源-沉积体系是原始储层物性的主要影响因素,与源区构造背景的综合分析是油气勘探工作的基础.北黄海盆地是位于苏鲁造山带-临津江造山带北侧中朝板块上中-新生代转换伸展断陷盆地.地震和钻井资料证实东部坳陷西南部有中-上侏罗统三角洲砂体发育.岩心和测井上可识别的沉积类型包括分流河道、决口扇、河口坝和远砂坝等,地震反射结构显示出来自西南方向的沉积物进积.砂岩样品的岩矿组成显示,碎屑中存在花岗质成分和酸性火山岩成分.泥岩元素地球化学特征显示其物质成分以长英质为主,推测源区为克拉通或再旋回造山带.砂岩Dickinson图解表明,不仅存在来自克拉通或再旋回造山带的成分,而且存在火山弧造山带的成分.综合分析认为,北黄海盆地东部坳陷西南物源区为再旋回造山带,花岗质成分来自西南盆缘的基底花岗质岩石的风化,而火山岩成分可能是同期火山喷发的产物,也可能是先前火山岩的风化产物.      

太原西山煤田骆驼脖子砂岩特征及物源区分析

为了判断太原西山煤田物源区,并探讨物源区构造背景,运用砂岩单碎屑组分法、多碎屑组分法和重矿物组合法,综合分析了七里沟剖面二叠系下石盒子组底部骆驼脖子砂岩的特征。结果表明:骆驼脖子砂岩主要组分为石英和岩屑,石英占80%以上,岩屑占10%左右,长石极少见,体积分数小于1%,且石英和岩屑成因类型以岩浆岩型和变质岩型为主,沉积岩型含量较少;重矿物主要由锆石、磷灰石和金红石组成,揭示出物源区母岩类型为酸性岩浆岩,物源区为北面阴山古陆,砂岩组分的Dickinson三角图解表明,物源区构造背景为再旋回造山带。      

河南省地热资源开发与保护浅析

河南省地热资源丰富,以洗浴为主的直接利用量较大,利用水平低,浪费严重,保护意识淡薄。分析了地热开发利用现状及存在的主要问题,指出利用应以供暖为主,实行总量控制开发。根据利用现状及地热地质条件,全省划分了五个地热资源开发保护区,提出了编制规划、推行回灌、加强勘查、提高利用水平等保护措施。     

车尔臣河出口径流量的还原分析

车尔臣河是巴州南部产水量最大的以冰雪融水为主要补给来源的山溪性河流,出山口处无水文站,在距车尔臣河山口以下85 km处设立有国家基本水文站—且末水文站,该站是唯一一个控制车尔臣河水量的站点,本文通过两次同期在且末水文站和且末水文站上游50 km处的巴什克其克电站和且末水文站上游85 km处的出山口处的对比观测的资料,分...     

涡阳花沟区28-5煤田孔粘钻事故的处理实践

介绍了涡阳花沟区28-5煤田孔粘钻事故的原因和处理方法,加强对泥浆比重、滤失性和流变性能的调整,对预防孔内发生粘钻事故有积极作用。     

Nitrogen and xenon in acid residues of iron meteorites

Total nitrogen, measured by neutron activation analysis, is highly enriched in residues from iron meteorites obtained by dissolution of the metal in dilute H₂SO₄, relative to the bulk value. On the average, the residues, representing 3% mass, contain 22% of total N. Group IA has more dissolved N than IIIA. Lithium and Ir show a distribution pattern parallel to N. Total Xe has been measured in several residues and its isotopic composition is, similar to atmospheric Xe for mass numbers 131 to 136 but not for ¹²⁴Xe and ¹²⁶Xe which are strongly depleted in the non-magnetic residues. It is suggested that iron meteorites have trapped in their micro-inclusions, some pre-solar nebular matter which is isotopically heterogeneous.     

滩小关水源地地下水计算与评价

滩小关水源地位于伊洛河口以东的黄河漫滩区,西、北、东分别与伊洛河和黄河相邻,属傍河型水源地。对埋深60 m以浅的地下水进行了计算与评价。计算方法主要采用水量均衡法、数值法评价地下水允许开采量,对浅层地下水资源保证程度进行了评价。两种方法的计算结果差别较小,结果可靠。开采量中大部分来自黄河、伊洛河的侧渗补给和洪水入渗补给,开采条件下河流入渗补给量仅占黄河最小流量的1 453分之一。因此,该水源地的允许开采量是完全可靠的。     

Lithium in tektites and natural glasses

Lithium concentrations in various tektites and natural glass samples have been determined using RNAA. For most tektites Li abundances range from 40 to 60 ppm, with the exception of bediasites (23 ppm). In other natural glasses of presumed impact origin, the Li values are considerably lower (6–11 ppm). It is suggested that the Li concentrations reflect mostly the original abundance of this element in parent materials. A terrestrial origin for tektites is supported by the Li range overlap between tektites and sedimentary rocks     

Total nitrogen in lunar soils,breccias and rocks

The total nitrogen contents of a number of lunar samples from Apollo 16 and 17 missions are reported. Solar wind is the main source for the observed excess nitrogen in most fines. Total nitrogen in the soils is found to be proportional to the solar wind rare gases Ar³⁶ and Xe¹³². Linear correlations are also noted between the agglutinate contents of the soils and their carbon and nitrogen contents. Seventeen soils (Apollo 15, 16 and 17) have been sieved and nitrogen has been measured in various grain size fractions. An inverse correlation between the mean grain diameter and the nitrogen contents is seen, showing that a large fraction of the solar wind nitrogen is surface correlated. An apparent volume component, due to the presence of agglutinates, is found in most soils.     

Total nitrogen in meteorites

Total N has been measured in a number of meteorites by neutron activation analysis using the reaction N¹⁴(n, p)C¹⁴. From each meteorite a number of chips have been analysed to investigate the variation of N contents in a sample. Many meteorites are found to contain a heterogeneous distribution of N. Eighteen chondrites, mostly of the classes C3, H4, H5, L4, L5, L6 and LL6, and six achondrites are found to have average N contents of 10–45 ppm. These do not show any clear-cut dependence of N on petrological group. However, the inherent heterogeneity or the fact that from most meteorite classes only single falls were studied might be responsible for this lack of correlation. In Cold Bokkeveld (C2) N is high (420 ppm). Unlike C, N content of ureilites is low (26 ppm). Nitrogen is enriched in the non-magnetic as compared to the magnetic fractions in H-group chondrites. Analyses of sieved Bjurböle phases show no enrichment of N in finer matrix material, nor any depletion in chondrules. In two gas-rich meteorites, Kapoeta and Assam, there is no excess N in the dark phases. Nine iron meteorites and three mesosiderites were analysed. Twenty analyses of Canyon Diablo and seven of Odessa establish a very heterogeneous N distribution in these meteorites.     

Extrinsic and intrinsic forcing of fluvial development: understanding natural and anthropogenic influences

This paper introduces a special issue arising from the biennial meeting of the Fluvial Archives Group (FLAG) that took place in September 2008 in Budapest, Hungary. Combining a two-day conference and three-day field excursion, this meeting provided an excellent opportunity for presentation and discussion of recent advances in research on fluvial evolution from the Plio-Pleistocene to the historical period. This editorial seeks to place these advances within the contexts both of long-term geomorphological research and the achievements of FLAG. It thus highlights progress towards a better understanding of fluvial responses to internal and external (including anthropogenic) forcing. It also points out some of the main obstacles, which can be targeted as goals for further research. Typically these relate to observed discrepancies in fluvial system responses, such as in patterns of lateral erosion and the timing of terrace incision, despite apparently similar fluvial parameters. Possible explanations for these discrepancies are mentioned, and the potential of new methods (especially in geochronology and modelling) to clarify such discrepancies is underlined. Finally the editorial provides brief reviews of the ten papers in this special issue (many of them developed from presentations in Budapest), which cover various areas in Europe (Hungary, England, Germany, Portugal, Russia), Asia (India) and South America (Bolivian Andes), placing them, in turn, within the context of this wider review of fluvial research.     

五家站试验区地下水运移机制物理模拟试验研究

通过对五家站试验区水文地质条件的物理模拟试验,其结果反映了天然条件下渗流区含水介质渗流场的分布特征,同时反映了试验区内地下水由补给边界向排泄边界运移的规律。通过模拟试验和计算获得的渗透系数、给水度、降水入渗系数等参数,在数值上接近野外试验数据,为区域地下水资源评价提供了可靠的参数,节约了大量人力、物力和经费。