发展地理学视角下中国区域均衡发展

Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. Balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course of balanced regional development in China and summarizes its characteristics in each period. The results show that inter-regional development in China has undergone successive periods of balanced and unbalanced development. Each period has enhanced social development and contributed to a more balanced regional development. This paper discusses the scientific connotation of balanced regional development, and invokes sustainable development theory to argue that we should pay attention to the differences in resource endowments among regions, and solves the imbalance among the economy, humans, and nature to promote the spatial balance of regional development and green development for better coordination between economy and ecology. The balanced promotion of the well-being of people in each region is the ultimate goal of balanced regional development. We then use concepts from development geography to examine China’s path of balanced regional development from the three perspectives of society, the economy, and ecology. Suggestions are also provided for the balanced development of China’s regions and the improvement of public well-being.     

发展地理学视角下中国区域均衡发展

区域差异大、发展不平衡是中国的基本国情,研究区域均衡发展问题是发展地理学领域的重大课题.本文首先回顾了中国的区域均衡发展历程,总结了各时期区域均衡发展的特征,研究指出,中国区域间发展呈现出均衡发展与非均衡发展演替的状态,每次演进使得社会的发展质量迈进新的台阶,逐渐走向高质量发展与区域均衡发展的状态.其次,本文探讨了当前...     

Urban Stasis and the Politics of Alternative Development in the United States

The search for alternative urban development often confronts the despairing conclusion that political conditions in American cities foreclose any real possibilities of change. In this article we challenge that view. We argue that debates about alternative urban development in the U.S. overemphasize urban industrial transition as a process of rupture, whereby strong business-led political regimes displace an old economic order in favor of a new corporate-centered, FIRE-oriented, downtown development model. In contrast, we suggest many cities have experienced post-industrial neoliberalism in more muted fashion, characterized by a condition of political economic stasis, where old industries and political interests persist alongside new economic strategies and developments. A brief discussion of Akron, Ohio, Lexington, Kentucky, and Tacoma, Washington illustrates the dynamics at work in such cities. We argue that stasis and the weakness of the mainstream orthodoxy in some cities provide a context in which alternative economic development might be more viable.     

武陵山经济协作区空间协调发展程度评价

与以往区域协调发展程度评价研究不同,本文基于协调发展概念强调经济联系、区域差异、动态收敛和可持续发展的本质特点,构建空间（区域）评价体系,分别从基本公共服务均等化程度、区际一体化程度、区际人均GDP均等化程度、城乡人均消费水平差异程度四个方面评价武陵山经济协作区空间协调发展程度。评价结果显示,2001～2009年间,武...     

Regions and sustainable development: regional planning matters

This paper looks at how the term 'sustainable development' has been used in the process of regional plan making over the past decade. It emphasizes the differing geographies of these debates within England, in terms of how sustainable development has been used to justify different types of approach in different parts of the country. Both drawing on and challenging recent work on state theory, the paper argues the need to see regional planning as a part of a multi-scalar governance system, whose importance should not be underestimated.     

The Silk Road Economic Belt and Green Growth in the East of Russia

The Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) opens new development opportunities for Russia in general, and its Eastern regions in particular, via larger-scale and multi-level international cooperation. The eastern regions of Russia, rich in natural resources, have traditionally focused on resource extraction. In the context of the SREB, the issues of environmental security in Eastern Russia come to the fore. Here, we propose tools for ‘diagnosis’ if a chosen path of regional economic development proceeds according to the concept of a green economy. We use different indicators based on eco-intensity. We determine ecological-economic development trends in the Eastern border regions of Russia at the initial stage of the Silk Road Economic Belt formation to serve as a starting point and guideline for development processes within the SREB. If cooperation is directed to implementing the best Chinese production chains, significant improvements in the quality of economic growth in Russia will be achieved.     

适宜性人力资本与区域经济协调发展

适宜性人力资本必须与区域产业结构、区域经济发展模式相匹配,才能最大程度地发挥不同层次人力资本的效能,以有效提升区域经济发展水平。从全国和区域层面出发,基于ESDA方法和空间计量分析方法,运用1998-2014年全国30个省市的面板数据,从初级、中级、高级人力资本、物质资本、劳动力、全要素生产率等要素视角探寻适宜性人力资本促进区域经济发展效能的空间差异,研究表明：① 人力资本与省域生产总值水平均存在显著的空间相关性和路径依赖性。② 在全国层面,初级、中级人力资本对区域经济增长作用不显著,高级人力资本则作用很明显。③ 在区域层面,东部及东北地区区域经济发展主要依赖高级人力资本,中部和西部初级人力资本贡献显著,中级人力资本在四个区域均不显著。这为区域人力资本培育和区域经济高速发展政策制定奠定了理论基础。     

地形条件约束下的区域发展模式选择

实践已经证明,资源环境是人类社会生存和发展的基础所在。而区域发展是人类经济社会活动发展在空间上的表现形式,所以资源环境也是区域发展的基础所在,地形条件则是制约区域资源开发广度和深度的重要因素。为此,在假定区域其他投入要素不变的前提下,深入分析了地形条件和区域发展之间的机理关系,并选择具有较强代表性的京九铁路和陇海铁路作为实例,利用图形分析和相关分析方法,实证研究了沿线地形条件与经济社会发展之间的关系。通过研究发现地形条件能够通过交通运输负担影响区域发展,地形条件简单的地区,经济社会活动承担的交通运输负担较轻,经济社会发展水平较高。因此,不同地区应根据自身的资源环境基础和地形条件,选择适宜于自身发展的区域发展模式,避免发展模式的雷同,尤其山地丘陵地区应该选择物质流动负担较小的经济活动。     

乡村发展与重构格局特征及振兴路径——以广西为例

乡村重构是实施推进乡村振兴战略的重要手段,系统开展典型地区乡村发展与重构的格局特征及问题识别研究,是新阶段面向乡村振兴战略需求科学施策的基础。以广西为案例地,基于熵值法支持下的TOPSIS模型,分时段综合评价全区乡村发展水平和乡村重构强度的格局特征,识别乡村发展与重构的问题区域,探讨实现乡村振兴的调控路径。结果表明：研究期内广西乡村发展水平快速提升,乡村地域正在由相对均质走向异质发展态势;各研究时段经济、社会、空间重构强度均值逐渐增大,经济重构愈发加快,空间重构后来居上但仍相对滞后;经济—社会—空间重构耦合度和协调度均值逐渐提升,但当前协调水平仍然不高。基于上述研究,识别出乡村发展与重构存在若干问题的7类计37个县域,问题区域的形成折射着地理环境影响的痕迹,是社会经济要素变化背景下地形地貌、区位条件、资源条件、经济基础、行为主体、区域政策多种因素综合作用的结果。乡村地域的健康发展有赖于经济—社会—空间的协调耦合,乡村振兴的实现既需要从宏观层面统筹谋划乡村重构的区域路径,还需要针对问题区域及其关键领域研制促进乡村社会经济发展和空间优化的调控措施。     

演化经济地理视角下的技术关联研究进展

技术关联是现阶段演化经济地理学的重要概念,对演化经济地理学的发展和现实经济增长路径的探索具有重要意义。本文在演化经济地理学的背景下,探讨技术关联的概念和测度方法,从静态和动态2个视角探究技术关联影响产品演化的微观作用机制,并在国家、区域和企业等不同尺度上梳理了相关研究成果,绝大多数研究证明了产品演化路径显著依赖技术关联,即遵循路径依赖过程。近年来一些研究成果发现,有些区域通过向技术不相关产品进行演化从而实现了路径突破,并对其原因进行剖析,发现金融危机与扶持政策等外生力量和地方环境与制度等内生变量都会导致路径突破。中国发展路径的特殊性为西方演化经济地理学研究提供很好的案例,同时也为中国演化经济地理学的发展创造重要契机。     

关联视角下的区域产业动态研究进展与反思

区域产业动态是经济地理学的经典研究主题。不同尺度的传统经济地理研究常以企业、产业和区域为研究对象,忽略了不同个体之间的关联。近年来,经济地理学增加了关于企业关联的研究,但对于产业关联和区域关联的关注仍显不足。基于关联视角,本文首先围绕产业关联和区域关联等概念探讨了关联的形成机制,进一步梳理关于产业关联、区域关联与区域产业动态的研究进展,并为未来区域产业动态研究提出相关建议。与企业关联相同,产业和区域关联也与个体间的要素流动有关。现有研究表明产业关联有助于揭示区域产业演化规律,而区域关联会通过区域间要素流动影响区域产业动态。关联视角是区域产业动态研究的新视角,具有较大的研究潜力,值得引起经济地理学者们的关注。     

演化经济学视角下的生态旅游区开发

生态旅游区作为生态旅游实现的重要场所,是生态旅游者的目的地,在生态旅游业发展中具有举足轻重的作用,因此国内外不同学科领域的学者从多种角度对其开发的基本理论、基本原则、开发模式等方面进行了广泛研究;但目前的研究大多是从区域的层面来研究生态旅游区的开发,很少有从企业或社区等微观主体的角度来研究生态旅游区域。演化经济学中关于产业"演化""创新"的理论及"个体群"方法对于从旅游产业微观主体的角度自下而上的来研究生态旅游区域的开发可以提供崭新的思路。     

中国区域发展格局演变过程与调控

2018年底中国人均GDP达到64520元（将近10000美元）。世界各国发展历程和区域发展差距倒“U”字型曲线表明,中国区域发展格局演变将步入从区域间经济发展差距持续扩大转向缩小的拐点区段。本文讨论了1978年以来拐点发生前40年间中国区域发展格局演变过程,① 处于发展上游（前8位最发达的省区）和下游（后8位欠发达省区）省区人均GDP的差距从1978年的407元增加到2018年的53817元;② 城市化和经济发展的重心在外向型经济、非公有经济的拉动下,呈顺时针方向发生旋转,中国东南地区成为经济加速集聚的区域;③ 中国区域发展格局形成以京津冀、长三角、珠三角、成渝地区四大核心区域为顶点、相邻区域的连线为边界合围成的菱形结构,其GDP占全国比重稳定在75%左右。2020年中国区域发展格局应进入演变的拐点,一方面表现为区域经济差距的缩小,另一方面则是从非高质量的区域发展向高质量区域发展的转变。区域高质量发展是在经济效益持续增长过程中,生态效益和社会效益将相向基本同步的增长过程,并呈现出因地域功能不同而分异的区域高质量发展模式。未来30年,按照促进区域均衡（协调）发展和高质量发展的双重目标要求,应把重点城市化地区、相对欠发达地区、重要安全保障区等三类区域以及区域间互动关系等为调控和优化中国区域发展格局的重点,而建立以主体功能区划—战略—规划—制度为统领的空间治理体系,将成为调控和优化区域发展格局的基本保障。     

Towards a method for postcolonial development geography? Possibilities and challenges

In this paper we explore the contours of a 'method' for postcolonial development geography, which makes it possible to imagine another 'world-picturing'. We suggest three steps towards such a method. First, we propose that a postcolonial method involves thinking about why we are doing research in the south in the first place; how we come to and produce our questions; and how we analyze and represent our findings based on our subject positionings. Second, that we need to recognize theorization as an inherent part of method, rethink how we currently theorize and reconfigure our methods of theorization to address wider political aims. Problematizing theorization helps challenge the universalism of Eurocentric theories, thus enabling development geography to move towards more decolonized versions and visions. Finally, that this must be accompanied by firmer recognition of our multiple investments – personal, institutional and geopolitical – and how they frame the possibilities for change. These are some possible steps that we think can reconfigure the 'scholarly track' that postcolonial development geographers traverse.     

长江经济带开发与保护空间格局构建及其分析路径

长江流域经济—社会—生态系统完整,是中国国土空间开发最重要的东西轴线,在区域发展总体格局中具有重要战略地位。当下,为应对全球经贸格局重组、国家与区域经济社会转型以及资源环境约束趋紧等新形势,国家提出依托长江黄金水道,构建横贯东西、辐射南北、通江达海、经济高效、生态良好的中国经济新支撑带,这就要求长江经济带形成人口资源环境协调的均衡化开发与保护格局。本文基于“点—轴”、分区式与多中心网络式等空间组织结构,明确空间格局的推演逻辑与思路。进而,在区域差异性分析与空间开发适宜性评价基础上,认为长江经济带需重点构建以“一轴两翼,三区六廊”为主体的开发格局、以“六大片区”为主体的农业发展格局、以“五大屏障”为主体的生态安全格局,并提出不同区域差异化发展导向、路径与制度建议,以及今后长江经济带空间结构需进一步研究的主要科学问题。     

中国区域经济地理研究发展历程评述及其现实意义

中国区域经济地理研究历史悠久,是传统地理学初期研究的主要组成部分.该文旨在描述我国区域经济地理研究的发展历程,认识我国区域经济地理研究的优良传统,从而探讨其继承和发展问题.我国的区域经济地理研究经历了起源、描述与分析、区域研究体系建立、新中国成立后区域经济地理学建立与应用4个阶段,前2个阶段逐步深入形成了中华文化范畴内的区域经济地理研究特色,并由此形成了独特的研究基础,后2个阶段继承传统与引进学习并重,在解决区域经济地理问题上发挥了重大作用.评述区域经济地理研究所经历的独特过程,分析其在当今我国经济地理研究中发挥的作用,探讨继承与发展等对现实均具有重大意义.     

演化经济地理视角下的经济复杂度与区域经济发展研究进展

经济复杂度是近年来演化经济地理学的重要议题之一,其关注产业结构转型和内生增长路径,有助于理解区域经济结构转型过程,对经济地理学、发展经济学等理论深化具有重要作用。论文介绍了经济复杂度的理论背景,梳理了演化经济地理视角下经济复杂度的内涵、概念及理论框架,在此基础上回顾了经济复杂度的主流测度方法,并基于产业多样化与产品空间理论探究了经济复杂度与区域经济发展的作用机制,进而回顾了经济复杂度对区域经济增长、区域收入差异和创新等方面的实证研究进展,发现绝大多数文献证明了经济复杂度对区域经济发展的积极作用。区域可以从提升产品空间密度的思路出发,通过提升产业生产和创新能力促进区域经济复杂度提升。中国经济复杂度高于相同收入水平的其他国家,发展路径具有一定特殊性,这为经济复杂度理论研究提供了案例,且在实践中具有较强的政策含义。     

我国经济技术开发区的发展特征及动力机制

自 198 4年国务院首批设立开发区以来 ,国家级经济技术开发区经历了沿海布点、东南铺开和向全国推进三个阶段。开发区是 18年来我国经济发展的重要空间载体。部分开发区在吸引外资、扩大出口、发展新兴产业、促进区域经济发展等多方面起到了窗口、辐射、示范和带动作用 ,已经成为当地经济新的增长点。开发区成长和发展的动力主要是政策作用力、市场作用力和社会文化作用力 ,从长远来看 ,学习和创新能力是开发区发展的重要提升力。对开发区发展的认识不能仅停留在政策作用层面上 ,而应着眼于构建区域发展的内动力     

Recent Publications

The government of Ontario, Canada, has passed legislation to protect large parts of the southern portions of the province from most development. An extensive plan for a Greenbelt that surrounds the Greater Toronto Area and other regional growth centers was introduced. This article looks at the new policy as a spatial strategy that shifts the scales of environmental and growth management policy in Ontario. The legislation also sets the framework for a state spatial project; that is, a set of changes in how the regional state internally operates. The current Greenbelt legislation is a new step in a longer term development by which governments in Ontario have attempted to regulate the relationships between cities and regions, town and hinterland. Overlapping strongly with what is usually called the Toronto bioregion between the Niagara Escarpment, Oak Ridges Moraine, and Lake Ontario, the Greenbelt reorganizes space in southern Ontario in ways that would further ecosystem policies and practices in the area. Theoretically guided by newer debates on rescaling and regionalism, and based on close reading of the planning and policy documents on the Greenbelt as well as a series of expert interviews, we argue that the current Greenbelt legislation is an act of up-scaling traditional urban-regional regulation in southern Ontario, which we shall call extended metropolitanization. Such rescaling recasts traditional political conflicts in new terms. We conclude that extended metropolitanization in southern Ontario has been a process that has brought nature, the state, and governance together into a new regional sustainability fix.     

自然地理格局对区域发展时空分异影响的评价方法

With the rapid economic development during the last 30 years in China, more and more disparities have emerged among different regions. It has been one of the hot topics in the fields of physical geography and economic geography, and also has been the task for Chinese government to handle. Nevertheless, to quantitatively assess the impacts of physio-geographical patterns （PGP） on the regional development disparity has been ignored for a long time. In this paper, a quantitative method was adopted to assess the marginal effects of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity using the partial determination coefficients. The paper described the construction of the evaluation model step by step following its key scientific thinking. Total GDP, per capita GDP, primary industrial output value and secondary industrial output value were employed in this study as the indicators to reflect the impacts of PGP on the regional development disparity. Based on the evaluation methods built by researchers, this study firstly analyzed the temporal impacts of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity of the regional development in China during the past 50 years, and then explained the spatial differences at each development stage. The results show that the spatio-temporal disparity in China is highly related to the PGP, and that the marginal contribution rate could be employed as an effective way to quantitatively assess the impact of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity of the regional development.