不同压力下Ⅰ型甲烷水合物拉曼光谱

本文描述了合成的Ⅰ型甲烷水合物高压下拉曼光谱测定结果。甲烷水合物用细粒冰和甲烷气在温度0℃～9℃和压力18MPa下历时2天合成,在金刚石压腔里进行了原位的显微观察和拉曼光谱测定。一组温度25℃和压力范围132～901MPa下的拉曼光谱数据显示,样品的光谱呈左高右低的双峰结构,左谱峰位置范围为2904.4～2907.2cm~(-1),右谱峰位置范围为2915～2922cm~(-1),谱峰位置随压力变化,典型光谱的左右谱峰强度比近似为3:1,系典型的Ⅰ型结构特征;这说明甲烷水合物在较高压力下也能保持Ⅰ型结构。作为比较,甲烷气和溶解水中的甲烷的拉曼光谱也进行了测定,它们的拉曼光谱特征与Ⅰ型甲烷水合物的明显不同。     

铁含量对滑石脱水动力学的影响及其地质意义

在常压下研究了2种不同铁含量滑石的原位X射线衍射高温脱水反应。选取粒径2~5μm的2种不同铁含量的滑石样品,在常压、空气氛围下进行了同步辐射原位X射线衍射脱水实验。实验结果表明,铁含量高的滑石脱水温度明显偏低,2个滑石样品在常压下发生明显脱水反应的温度相差达127℃以上。滑石在常压下的脱水动力机制为随机成核和生长机制,符合Avrami方程。将实验数据拟合Avrami方程得出:n=1.669。由实验结果可以推测,不同铁含量的滑石脱水深度可能有几十到上百千米的差别,研究铁含量与滑石脱水动力的相关性对于了解俯冲带浅-中源地震的成因机制具有重要意义。     

固体核磁光谱法研究镁铝复合氧化物的水热转化机制

复合金属氧化物广泛分布于自然界,其中镁铝复合氧化物(简称MMO)则大量分布于基性-超基性岩浆岩、蒸发河湖相和海相沉积岩等之中。本研究以镁铝水滑石(HT)煅烧产物MMO为研究对象,采用水热合成方法,通过改变反应时长,考察并揭示MMO在富硅、碱性和160℃水热条件下的结构复原特性及其转化机制。X射线衍射结果显示,该条件下MMO首先复水形成水滑石相,进而水滑石相逐渐向皂石转化,并伴有钠霞石等杂相的形成与溶解。29Si和27Al魔角旋转核磁共振谱(MAS NMR)的结果证明,在皂石结晶过程中,Al3+优先占据四面体片层的四配位位置。该研究对揭示水滑石稳定性、水滑石与硅酸盐矿物异相成核与生长、热液类型的天然皂石矿床的形成过程等具有重要指示意义。     

麻粒岩相条件下熔融反应与矿物相转变机制的实验研究

麻粒岩相条件下石榴黑云斜长片麻岩实验结果表明,含水矿物黑云母(Bi)脱水熔融、长英质矿物部分熔融的性质主要受控于温度条件;而矿物相转变不仅受控于温压条件,而且与脱水熔融、部分熔融存在密切成因联系。依据Bi脱水熔融性质和石榴石(Gi)转变反应特征,可划分以下三个阶段:(1)当温度在700℃时,Bi转变为钛铁矿(Ilm)+磁铁矿(Mt)+H_2O,Gt转变为Mt,(2)当温度在730—760℃,Bi脱水熔融为富K_2O熔体(Melt)+Ilm+Mt,Gt转变为紫苏辉石(Hy)+堇青石(Crd);(3)当温度大于790℃时,Bi脱水熔融为Melt+Hy+Ilm+Mt+H_2O,Gt则转变为Hy+尖晶石(Sp)+Crd组合。熔体比例和熔体演化特征除受温压条件控制外,与长英质矿物部分熔融程度和脱水熔融性质关系密切。实验结果显示,在麻粒岩相变质作用以及与其相伴随的重熔作用(或区域性混合岩化作用)过程中,不仅存在传统的固相+固相(或流体相)的反应和脱水熔融反应,而且存在熔体参与的变质反应(即:未熔矿物与熔体之间的反应)。该项实验对深入探讨麻粒岩相矿物演化的成因机制及其动力学意义提供可靠的实验依据。     

花岗岩中铀性状的实验研究—铀的可溶性及含铀溶液的酸性演化

实验主要针对内生条件下花岗岩中铀的可溶性进行的。恒压(500bar)变温(200—400℃,个别达480℃)以及恒温(300℃)变压(100—1500bar)状态下的实验结果表明,花岗岩中铀的最大溶解度多发生在温度低于250℃、压力(P_(H_2O))低于500bar(个别小于1000bar)的范围内。铀最易溶解在碳酸溶液中。伴随压力的降低,碳酸盐和富含碳酸的溶液溶解铀的能力显著增强。含铀溶液随着温度的降低,呈碱性—酸性—碱性演化。     

平泉萤石晶体的包裹体研究

研究表明,平泉萤石中包裹体有五个生长带,其形成温度范围从100—132℃,压力16—24bar,流体的盐度为10.4—6.14％(wt),密度为1.040—0.995cm~3/g,Eh=-0.26—0.27V,成矿介质为弱酸性。研究中发现一种由凝胶(外壳)和胶体(内核)组成的胶体包裹体。     

新设备简介

YF8-5型产品为5000kg/cm~2 900℃成岩成矿高温高压实验装置。中国科学院地球化学研究所王玉荣、樊文苓、钟德义提出初步设计方案和技术指标,并提供有关技术资料;上海大隆机器厂葛步国等具体设计,并由该厂加工。产品于1985年8月完成。经地球化学研究所鉴定,各项指标合格。 该实验装置可在4k bar、750℃条件下长期工作。它由压力源,6个Tuttle型高压釜及6个管电炉;倥温仪,压力表,各种阀门及高压管道等组合成两个相连的工作箱(见照片)。     

贵州水银洞金矿床成矿流体不混溶的包裹体证据

通过对水银洞金矿床中流体包裹体的观测和热力学参数计算,探讨了成矿流体不混溶的热力学条件。研究结果表明,该矿床石英中的流体包裹体分为H_2O包裹体、CO_2包裹体和CO_2-H_2O包裹体三大类,并以富含CO_2-H_2O包裹体为特征,CO_2-H_2O包裹体可进一步划分为富H_2O相CO_2-H_2O包裹体和富CO_2相CO_2-H_2O包裹体。加热时富H_2O相CO_2-H_2O包裹体完全均一成H_2O相;而富CO_2相CO_2-H_2O包裹体完全均一成CO_2相,而且二者的完全均一温度和完全均一压力一致,说明它们是同时期捕获的CO_2-低盐水不混溶流体包裹体组合。它们形成时的热力学条件是:形成温度236℃,形成压力324 bar(1bar=10~5Pa);共存两相流体密度:低盐水相0.900 g/cm~3,CO_2相0.314 g/cm~3;共存两相中CO_2的摩尔分数:低盐水相0.0376,CO_2相0.7337;水溶液含盐度w(NaCl)约为1.3%。     

中国干旱与湿润地区岩石漆光谱学特征研究

为探究岩石漆矿物组成在空间上的变化规律,采集了中国干旱、半干旱及湿润地区岩石漆样品,制作了岩石漆纵切片观察其形貌特征,对其进行了拉曼光谱与红外光谱分析。光谱学研究表明,所有岩石漆样品均检测出574~594cm~(-1)、622~645cm~(-1)的拉曼峰位和428cm~(-1)、466~468cm~(-1)、513cm~(-1)的红外峰位,表明水钠锰矿是岩石漆中普遍存在的锰氧化物矿物。干旱与部分半干旱地区岩石漆检测出290~291cm~(-1)、405~409cm~(-1)、610cm~(-1)的拉曼峰位,半干旱地区岩石漆检测出217cm~(-1)、275~279cm~(-1)、393~395cm~(-1)的拉曼峰位,表明干旱地区岩石漆内铁氧化物以赤铁矿形式产出,半干旱地区富含针铁矿与赤铁矿。湿润地区岩石漆未检测到铁氧化物的谱峰信号。说明气候差异与生物活动可能是岩石漆形貌与矿物组成差异性的原因。     

小柴旦盐湖钠硼解石矿物热脱水机理的探讨

利用等温热脱水和非等温热脱水的实验方法,结合X射线衍射、红外光谱等检测手段研究了青藏高原钠硼解石矿物在50~500℃温度区间的脱水过程。研究结果表明,随温度的升高,钠硼解石(NaCa[B5O6(OH)6].5H2O)的脱水分三阶段进行:50~70℃,脱失2个水形成NaCa[B5O6(OH)6].3H2O相,与钠硼解石结构研究结果对比,脱水分子是与钠硼解石分子中钠配位;70~100℃,进一步脱失2个水形成较为稳定的NaCa[B5O6(OH)6].H2O相,脱水2个分子是与钠硼解石分子中钙配位,该结构可以在100~150℃稳定存在;150~180℃,进一步升温将逐步失去最后一个与Na离子配位的水分子,同时导致[B5O6(OH)6]3-硼氧配阴离子结构的破坏,固相结构由晶型转变为无定形。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861