新《合同法》与工程勘察设计合同

概述1999年3月15日通过的《中华人民共和国合同法》的概况和部分新概念,探讨合同法在勘察设计合同中的应用。     

《建设项目工程总承包合同示范文本(试行)》组成、结构与条款解读大纲(上)

11月1日起,由住房和城乡建设部、国家工商行政管理总局共同编制的《建设项目工程总承包合同示范文本(试行)》(以下简称《示范文本》)开始施行。这是我国由政府部门组织编制的第一部适用于国内工程总承包的合同示范文本。《示范文本》的推出,经历6年之久,广泛征求各方意见,经15次补充、修改和完善才正式出台。10月27日,受住房和城乡建设部、国家工商行政管理总局的委托以及广大工程建筑单位的要求,《示范文本》编写组组长刘玉珂在《建设项目工程总承包合同示范文本(试行)》宣贯会上对《示范文本》进行了解读、宣讲,受到了与会者的热烈欢迎。应广大业内人士的要求,经刘玉珂本人同意,本刊将分3期摘编刊出《示范文本》解读宣讲稿。刘玉珂强调,《示范文本》从起草调研到出台,凝聚了国内各方面具有国内外工程总承包经验人士的智慧。他深感解读宣讲的难度之大、责任之大,解读中出现不妥之处,均由其本人负责,与部、局、分会、编写组专家无关!请大家以《示范文本》条款内容为准,本稿仅供参考。     

勘察设计企业的合同签订与税收筹划

本文试图列举勘察设计企业在经营合同签订过程中的一些税收筹划问题,包括合同形式的选择,合同的总包与分包,合同价款的区分,合同条款的表述以及免税政策的运用,意在说明勘察设计企业税收筹划应在订立合同之前就要有针对性地进行.     

EPC模式下业主对项目合同模式的选择研究

工程总承包EPC模式下,合同模式的选择事关项目成败、承包商持续努力工作的激励和项目执行成本的大小。本文通过剖析以支付方式分类的现有合同模式特征,就业主要求稳定性、项目建设规模、自然因素的不确定性、承包商努力程度等对工程项目成本的影响因素进行了分析,并结合实例,就业主在合同模式选择中需要关注的策略及合同绩效指标的激励方案作了探讨。     

岩土工程与工程地质的异同刍议

基于岩土工程和工程地质的许多模糊认识，作者根据两者在生产、科研及人才培养中的实际情况，总结归纳了我国有关岩土工程与工程地质异同的若干观点，分析讨论了两者诸多方面的异同所在并阐述了自己的观点。     

国有建设用地使用权出让合同监管机制研究

以当前强化市场配置土地资源和加强土地宏观调控为背景,客观分析国有建设用地使用权出让中合同管理存在的问题及成因;根据新的管理要求,针对土地合同履行,总结近年上海合同监管工作经验并借鉴其他省市做法,探索土地批后监管体制和机制的建立与完善,以促进土地资源的集约高效利用.     

国际工程合同与风险管理

国际工程风险管理涉及到工程管理的各个方面,包括市场风险、社会政治经济环境风险、汇率风险、水文地质气象风险、技术风险、不可抗力风险等。国际工程项目风险管理就是通过风险识别、风险分析和风险评价去认识项目的风险,并以此为基础通过采取各种应对措施、管理方法、技术手段对项目的风险实行有效的控制,妥善处理风险事件造成的不利后果,     

浅谈陶城铺灌区续建配套与节水改造工程合同管理办法

建设项目管理中合同管理对项目的进度、质量、投资起总控制总协调作用,是项目建设管理的核心。业主应加强合同管理工作,建立、健全合同管理责任制度,规范签订、履行、变更、解除和终止合同的行为,及时解决合同纠纷,保证工程顺利实施。     

国内外地下水监测技术与管理比较研究

受自然地理、气候环境和经济社会等影响,不同地区、各国之间对地下水的开发利用程度不同,对地下水的监测管理差别很大。作者在系统收集整理欧美等主要国家地下水监测管理的有关论文和成果基础上,结合多年从事地下水工作的实践与心得体会,根据我国地下水监测与管理的实际情况,就我国与欧美等主要国家在地下水监测网布设、监测技术方法、监测数据处理和信息成果应用、地下水法规管理等方面的做法进行系统的对比和分析,以期寻找差距、借鉴经验,并对如何提高和促进我国地下水监测与管理工作进行了展望。     

新经济地理学与传统经济地理学之比较研究

自20世纪90年代以来，藤田、克鲁格曼、维纳布斯等以迪克西特和斯蒂格利茨垄断竞争模型为基础，用不完全竞争、报酬递增和市场外部性等理念构建新的经济地理模型，掀起了一场“新经济地理学”革命。新经济地理学在理论基础、研究特点和方法等方面与传统经济地理学表现出明显不同，其理论创新受到经济学界和地理学界的普遍关注。但是，也有一些学者对它提出了同样引人注目的抨击。通过对新经济地理学与传统经济地理学进行比较，对一些重大理论假设、研究方法与特点进行简要分析，有助于廓清对新经济地理学与传统经济地理学之异同的正确认识，以期推动新经济地理学的理论研究与应用以及新经济地理学与传统经济地理学领域的学术交流。     

孔隙地下热水中典型离子运移的异同性研究

针对新近系明化镇组细砂热储层岩样,通过室内土柱模拟试验,分别探讨孔隙地下热水中典型离子Cl-、HCO-3、Ca2+和Na+的运移特征,对比研究其一维运移规律。试验结果表明,40℃、60℃条件下Cl-的纵向弥散系数分别为13.6 cm2/h、14.9 cm2/h。HCO-3水解产生的沉淀物质堵塞土柱,60℃时HCO-3运移较40℃快。40℃、60℃时Ca2+阻滞系数分别为1.14,1.11。Na+运移过程中存在离子吸附交换反应,致使其运移迟滞于其它3种离子。     

Peridotitic diamonds from the Slave and the Kaapvaal cratons—similarities and differences based on a preliminary data set

A comparison of the diamond productions from Panda (Ekati Mine) and Snap Lake with those from southern Africa shows significant differences: diamonds from the Slave typically are un-resorbed octahedrals or macles, often with opaque coats, and yellow colours are very rare. Diamonds from the Kaapvaal are dominated by resorbed, dodecahedral shapes, coats are absent and yellow colours are common. The first two features suggest exposure to oxidizing fluids/melts during mantle storage and/or transport to the Earth's surface, for the Kaapvaal diamond population.

Comparing peridotitic inclusions in diamonds from the central and southern Slave (Panda, DO27 and Snap Lake kimberlites) and the Kaapvaal indicates that the diamondiferous mantle lithosphere beneath the Slave is chemically less depleted. Most notable are the almost complete absence of garnet inclusions derived from low-Ca harzburgites and a generally lower Mg-number of Slave inclusions.

Geothermobarometric calculations suggest that Slave diamonds originally formed at very similar thermal conditions as observed beneath the Kaapvaal (geothermal gradients corresponding to 40–42 mW/m² surface heat flow), but the diamond source regions subsequently cooled by about 100–150 °C to fall on a 37–38 mW/m² (surface heat flow) conductive geotherm, as is evidenced from touching (re-equilibrated) inclusions in diamonds, and from xenocrysts and xenoliths. In the Kaapvaal, a similar thermal evolution has previously been recognized for diamonds from the De Beers Pool kimberlites. In part very low aggregation levels of nitrogen impurities in Slave diamonds imply that cooling occurred soon after diamond formation. This may relate elevated temperatures during diamond formation to short-lived magmatic perturbations.

Generally high Cr-contents of pyrope garnets (inside and outside of diamonds) indicate that the mantle lithosphere beneath the Slave originally formed as a residue of melt extraction at relatively low pressures (within the stability field of spinelperidotites), possibly during the extraction of oceanic crust. After emplacement of this depleted, oceanic mantle lithosphere into the Slave lithosphere during a subduction event, secondary metasomatic enrichment occurred leading to strong re-enrichment of the deeper (>140 km) lithosphere. Because of the extent of this event and the occurrence of lower mantle diamonds, this may be related to an upwelling plume, but it may equally just reflect a long term evolution with lower mantle diamonds being transported upwards in the course of “normal” mantle convection.     

云南武定地区核桃箐铁铜矿热液活动特征及其与迤纳厂铁铜矿的异同

核桃箐铁铜矿位于滇中武定断陷盆地内,与迤纳厂铁铜矿同属于滇中地区的IOCG型矿产。野外地质调查发现其成矿地质背景和矿床特征虽与迤纳厂铁铜矿有一定相似性,但富集的成矿元素类型和蚀变特征等方面却与迤纳厂不同。核桃箐矿区主要的赋矿地层为落雪组(Pt₂l),成矿元素只大量富集Fe元素,局部富集Cu元素,没有富集Au元素。矿石类型以致密块状磁铁矿石为主,围岩蚀变类型较少但具有一定的分带性,与矿化关系最为密切的蚀变是硅化。岩相学和地球化学研究发现,从围岩到蚀变岩,核桃箐矿区内主要的迁入元素是SiO₂、Al₂O₃、MnO和Na₂O,主要的迁出元素是CaO、MgO、H₂O和CO₂,表明核桃箐矿区内的硅化与去碳酸盐化是同时进行的,而钠化则与其同步或者稍晚于硅化。岩矿地球化学研究表明,核桃箐含矿围岩的n (SiO₂)/n (Al₂O₃)> 3.6,n (Al)/n (Al+Fe+Mn)> 0.5,n (Al₂O₃)/n (Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃)=0.12~0.36,反映其形成于拉张环境、成岩时海水深度较浅的成岩特征。     

论冰碛石的形态特征及其与泥石流石的区别

长期以来流行的球度和圆度概念不足以刻画冰碛石及其他成因砾石的细微特征,需要在其基础上进一步挖掘有判别价值的标志性特征。针对冰碛石与泥石流石辨识的疑难问题,提出外接圆特征、粗糙度特征、圆度-体积特征以及混杂堆积砾石形态构成特征等几个概念。通过这些特征研究,结合真实的冰川擦痕、颤痕等标志,可更加准确地进行冰川沉积物与其他成因沉积物的判定。     

Employment in retailing: A case study of employment in suburban shopping centres

There have been many studies of the retail industry in recent years, and of the impact that retailing has had on the spatial arrangement of urban areas and on consumer behaviour. Little attention has been paid, however, to employment in retailing, which is disturbing in view of its growing importance and its rapidly changing nature and composition. This paper examines the nature of the broad structural changes within the industry, and investigates their spatial consequences through a case study of employment generation within a system of suburban retail centres in Canberra, Australia. It is shown that the evolution of suburban centres, particularly those of a regional variety, has had an important and enriching impact on the suburban labour market. The regional centres are also seen to be the focus of the major structural employment changes currently affecting the retail industry. This has some important implications for urban planning.     

镍基和钠基蒙脱石的热处理对比研究

研究了钠基蒙脱石吸附Ni^2+后以及产物经过500℃热处理后的结构变化,采用了X射线荧光光谱术(XRF)、粉末X射线衍射术(XRD)、电子顺磁共振谱术(ESR)、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱术(FTIR)以及拓展X射线吸收精细结构谱术(EXAFS)等分析手段测试了固体产物的特征,并利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱术(ICP-AES)分析了吸附残余液的化学组成。吸附残余液的化学分析结果表明,溶液中Ni^2+的量显著降低,同时又检测到一定量的Na^+、Mg^2+等离子,且XRD结果也证实蒙脱石层间域发生Ni^2+的交换吸附。EXAFS和ESR的结果进一步表明吸附反应后Ni^2+以[Ni(H2O)6]^2+的形式存在于蒙脱石的层间域,样品经过500℃加热后产物的XRD和FTIR结果均显示出现类滑石相产物。     

Application of 50 multi-dimensional discrimination diagrams and significance tests: deciphering compositional similarities and differences between Hawaiian and Icelandic volcanism

As an innovative approach, I use multi-dimensional diagrams presented by our group during 2004–2013 and respective probability estimates for the newer diagrams to evaluate similarities and differences between the same magma types (subalkaline basalt, basic magma other than subalkaline basalt, and intermediate magma) from the Hawaiian Islands and Iceland. The known ocean island setting of the Hawaiian Islands was reproduced from these 50 multi-dimensional diagrams for basic, intermediate, and acid magmas. The possible influence of the mid-ocean ridge system on Icelandic magmas was also confirmed from the diagrams for basic rocks. Evaluating magma compositional similarities and differences between the Hawaiian Islands and Iceland was complemented by the application of significance tests. Statistical inferences for the chemical elements and, more importantly, their log-ratios, successfully explained the similarities and differences in the tectonic settings for these two regions.     

赞比亚铜带省姆蓬韦盆地成矿地质特征对比研究

赞比亚姆蓬韦盆地位于著名的中非铜矿带上,邻近的谦比希盆地和卢安夏盆地内产出的矿床,在产出的构造部位上具有相似的特征。本文将姆蓬韦盆地与邻近盆地的地质特征进行对比研究,以该盆地典型矿床的含矿层位与区域上其它已知矿床有利成矿的岩相、岩性段进行系统对比,研究该区含矿层、相、位的变化情况,确定姆蓬韦盆地的成矿规律与找矿方向。     

A magnetostratigraphic comparison between 14C years and varve years during the Late Weichselian,indicating significant differences between the time-scales

A ¹⁴C-dated magnetostratigraphy of absolute declination and inclination between 12500 and 10000 ¹⁴C yr BP was recently developed for southern Sweden. Recently also the Swedish geochronological time-scale, based on c. 11 500 annually deposited clay-varves, was connected with the present. It should therefore be possible to compare the two chronologies with a reliable magnetostratigraphic record in an appropriate clay-varve section. We have found such a site within the Middle Swedish end-moraine zone. Statistical correlations between the two independently dated time-scales suggest that at 10500–10200 ¹⁴Cy r BP the varve chronology exceeds the ¹⁴C chronology by the order of 500-600 varve yr. Other correlations indicate that the difference between the two chronologies was less at 11000 ¹⁴C yr BP, and further correlations between the time-scales at 12000 ¹⁴C yr BP suggest that the difference between the chronologies increased steadily from 12000 to 10000 ¹⁴C yr BP. If these correlations are correct they imply that the ¹⁴C production rate increased steadily during the Late Weichselian.     

浅议贵阳院工程建设总承包项目管理

简述了贵阳院近年来实施工程总承包的过程,并围绕院工程总承包项目公司管理的机构组织、管理程序和科技进步等方面一系列问题进行了探讨。提出了进行总承包项目管理是勘测设计企业业务拓展的重点方向;着重分析了总承包项目管理必须抓好制度制订、订立合同、实行项目经理负责制、突出设计中心地位、重视项目初始阶段等几个重要环节,并用贵阳院工程事例作了论述。介绍了贵阳院水电工程总承包取得的一些成绩和通常采用的管理方法,指出了贵阳院工程总承包应加强的环节。